MammalsMammals

Mammal NumbersMammal Numbers• Appeared 140 million yrs ago.Appeared 140 million yrs ago.• Dinosaur food for 80 million Dinosaur food for 80 million

yrs.yrs.• Dominant group of the Dominant group of the

Cenozoic (last 65 million Cenozoic (last 65 million years)years)

• 4600 species4600 species• 27 Orders27 Orders

Mammal CharacteristicsMammal Characteristics• The ability to produce milk.The ability to produce milk.• (therefore…lips)(therefore…lips)• Higher level of parental care Higher level of parental care • Warm Blooded (endothermic)Warm Blooded (endothermic)• All breathe with lungsAll breathe with lungs• diaphragmdiaphragm• 4 chambered heart4 chambered heart• Hair or furHair or fur

Mammal CharacteristicsMammal Characteristics• 7 cervical vertebrae7 cervical vertebrae• Highly developed nervous Highly developed nervous

systemsystem• External EarsExternal Ears• Efficient KidneysEfficient Kidneys• Different types of Different types of

teeth( incisors, canines, teeth( incisors, canines, premolars, molars)premolars, molars)

Mammal ReproductionMammal Reproduction

• Most are NOT monogamousMost are NOT monogamous• Male is often larger, Male is often larger,

distinctivedistinctive• Copulation varies from a few Copulation varies from a few

seconds to several hoursseconds to several hours• Milk produced by modified Milk produced by modified

sweat glands.sweat glands.

Mammal ReproductionMammal Reproduction

• Monotremes - egg-laying Monotremes - egg-laying mammalsmammals

• platypus & spiny anteaterplatypus & spiny anteater• Marsupials - pouched mammalsMarsupials - pouched mammals• Mainly in Australia –Mainly in Australia –• Opossum - Opossum - • Placentals - all othersPlacentals - all others

Mammal GroupsMammal Groups

UngulatesUngulates

• Hoofed mammalsHoofed mammals• Odd toed - horse, tapir, Odd toed - horse, tapir,

rhinorhino• Even toed - next slideEven toed - next slide

Order ArtiodactylaOrder Artiodactyla

• 2 or 4 toes, modified as hooves2 or 4 toes, modified as hooves• herbivores, complex stomachs, herbivores, complex stomachs, • many with horns (perm) or many with horns (perm) or

antlers (shed yearly)antlers (shed yearly)• pig, hippo, camel, deer, giraffe, pig, hippo, camel, deer, giraffe,

bovinesbovines

Order CarnivoraOrder Carnivora

• All have carnassial teethAll have carnassial teeth• extremely acute sensesextremely acute senses• Families - cat, dog, bear, Families - cat, dog, bear,

raccoon, weasel, civet, raccoon, weasel, civet, hyenahyena

Order CetaceaOrder Cetacea

• EcholocationEcholocation• Toothed whalesToothed whales• Baleen whalesBaleen whales

Order ChiropteraOrder Chiroptera

• 2nd largest order with 900 2nd largest order with 900 speciesspecies

• wing is a web of skin between wing is a web of skin between fingers and hind limbsfingers and hind limbs

• many colonial, important many colonial, important insectivores and pollinatorsinsectivores and pollinators

• echolocation via ultrasoundecholocation via ultrasound

Order InsectivoraOrder Insectivora

• many teeth, not specializedmany teeth, not specialized• most primitive PLACENTAL most primitive PLACENTAL

orderorder• small, nocturnal, high small, nocturnal, high

metabolic rate. metabolic rate. • shrews, moles, hedgehogsshrews, moles, hedgehogs

Order LagomorphaOrder Lagomorpha

• Rabbits and hares, pikasRabbits and hares, pikas• 2nd pair of incisors2nd pair of incisors

Announcements!Announcements!

• Because of weather, HOURS Because of weather, HOURS accepted until 3 pm next accepted until 3 pm next MondayMonday

• Mammal test is this ThursdayMammal test is this Thursday• Vacation rent-a-critter signup Vacation rent-a-critter signup

FridayFriday• Final Exam details on websiteFinal Exam details on website• http://www4.smsd.org/jameslochttp://www4.smsd.org/jamesloc

kard/kard/

Order PrimatesOrder Primates

• Grasping hands, front facing Grasping hands, front facing eyes, large brainseyes, large brains

• Prosimians - lower primatesProsimians - lower primates• lemurs, tarsiers, aye-ayelemurs, tarsiers, aye-aye• Anthropoids - higher primatesAnthropoids - higher primates• marmosets, monkeys, apes, marmosets, monkeys, apes,

manman

Order RodentiaOrder Rodentia• Largest order (1,702 Largest order (1,702

species) gnawing mammalsspecies) gnawing mammals• incisors & molars onlyincisors & molars only• incisors continue to growincisors continue to grow• 3 suborders3 suborders

– squirrel-likesquirrel-like– mouse-likemouse-like– cavies, porcupines, chinchillascavies, porcupines, chinchillas

roasted bandicoot rat roasted bandicoot rat

Other ordersOther orders• seals (pinnipeds)seals (pinnipeds)• manateesmanatees• elephantselephants• edentates, (toothless)edentates, (toothless)

Mammal RecordsMammal Records

• (mammal) [human](mammal) [human]• Largest - Blue Whale (150 Largest - Blue Whale (150

tons) [1069 pounds]tons) [1069 pounds]• Smallest - Kitti’s Hog-nosed Smallest - Kitti’s Hog-nosed

bat (0.5 grams) [2 feet]bat (0.5 grams) [2 feet]

More RecordsMore Records

• Tallest - giraffe (19 feet) [8 Tallest - giraffe (19 feet) [8 feet, 11 inches]feet, 11 inches]

• Fastest - cheetah (60 mph) Fastest - cheetah (60 mph) [27][27]

• Fastest (aquatic) - Orca Fastest (aquatic) - Orca (35mph) [5](35mph) [5]

More RecordsMore Records

• Fastest (sustained) - Fastest (sustained) - Pronghorn (45 mph) [10]Pronghorn (45 mph) [10]

• Long jump - red kangaroo Long jump - red kangaroo (40 feet) [30 feet](40 feet) [30 feet]

• High jump - puma (18 feet) High jump - puma (18 feet) [8 feet][8 feet]

Group assignment - Group assignment - PowerPoint Slideshow on a PowerPoint Slideshow on a

Mammalian Order (or Mammalian Order (or large family) of your large family) of your

choice.choice.• Minimum 5 slides (max 10)Minimum 5 slides (max 10)• Must include a pictureMust include a picture• #s, characteristics, examples#s, characteristics, examples