MANGO INDUSTRY IN THE PHILIPPINES Reporters: Kimberly Prestoza Mel Rose B. Villaflor Ronreeve James Roque

MANGOIn the Philippines, mango is not considered national fruit for nothing. Apart from its distinct, fine taste and nutritional value, it also has a significant contribution to the countrys export earnings. Mango has an established international niche markets and ranks as the third most important fruit crop of the country next to pineapple and banana, based on export volume and value.It has established domestic market and has bright opportunities for the international market (fresh or processed form). (DOA,2011)Green when unripe, the fruit turns orange-reddish as it ripens after 3 to 6 months.

The majority of mango production is consumed fresh and about 1-2% of the production is processed to make products such as juices, nectars, concentrates, jams, jelly powders, fruit bars, flakes and dried fruits (Berardini et al., 2005; Jedele et al., 2003). Mango varieties too fibrous or too soft for fresh consumption can be used for juice making.The demand for processed mango is increasing, as seen in the proliferation of mango products in supermarkets and groceries.

OBJECTIVES

- To understand the entire commodity system of mango industry.- To discuss the Philippine competency in mango industry and ways to uplift its status.- To identify the idustry's strength, weakness, and threat pointing out ways to deal with it.

Varieties of MangoesCarabao - Originated from India, Burma and Malaya (Indo-Burma region) - Tree has coarse, large and conical trunk with shallow and small cracks on bark, canopy dome shaped - Fruit is elongated and kidney-shaped, weighs about 240 grams with thin, yellow pulp, very tender taste and slight aroma

Pico - Originated from India, Burma and Malaya - Trees has upright growth, open crown; has deeper cracks on barks Kidney-shaped fruit weighing about 230 grams; distinct beak on the apex, flesh is fibrous and thick, light orange yellow and sweeter than carabao variety

Katchamita - Originated from India - Has compact crown and lower tree stand than 'Carabao' and 'Pico' - fruit is small to medium, rounded/oval, green skin with yellowish flesh and preferably eaten as green

Mango Products

Other varieties Other less important mango cultivars include 'Pahutan', 'Dubul', 'Binoboy' and Seorita Aside from the University of the Philippines in Los Baos, Laguna which keeps 50 varieties of mango from all over the world, the National Mango Research and Development Center (BPI- NMRDC) in Guimaras, has a collection of different varieties of mango, as well as strains of 'Carabao' mango in the genebank.

Soil and Climatic RequirementsMango grows best at tropical places with temperatures ranging from 21oC-27oC and a well- distributed annual rainfall. Elevation - within 600 meters above sea level Temperature - 21oC - 27oC Weather - Distinct wet and dry (3-5 months dry). Plenty of sunlight. Soil - Loamy, relatively high in organic matter with a good water holding capacity, soil pH of 6.0-7.0 Drainage - well-drained soil; less moisture level needed during maturation of leaves and buds, flowering, fruit set and ripening

Uses of Mangoes

Fruit is eaten as dessert (ripe) or relish (immature) depending on fruit maturity. Can be processed into a number of unique products such as dried, puree, juice, nectar, chutney, pickle mango scoops, roll, powder, halves or scoops in light syrup; and used as flavoring for ice cream, bakery products, and confectionaries.

NATIONAL PRODUCTION In 2011, Philippines has an existing production area of 187,073 hectares that has produced a volume of 788,074 MT. Mango production dropped by 5.38% in 2011. Reduction of flower induction due to frequent rains was observed in Western Visayas, Central Visayas and SOCCSKSARGEN. Lower volume of fruits harvested in Northern Mindanao was observed. In Zamboanga del Sur, failed induction of mango trees was reported due to rains and strong winds. Lesser number of trees was induced in Misamis Occidental.Ilocos Region attained the highest production with 276,661 MT followed by Zamboanga Peninsula with 78,411 and Central Luzon with 64,053 MT. On the other hand, Central Luzon has the highest existing area of 33,678 hectares, followed by Ilocos Region with 21,341 hectares and Davao Region with 17,761 hectares

FOREIGN TRADE/EXPORT Philippines exported volume in 2011 was 21,081 MT for fresh mango worth $16 million and for dried about 9,464 MT valued at $79.5 Million; For fresh mango top major export destinations include Hongkong, Japan, South Korea, Singapore and USA. For dried , top export market include USA, Japan, Hongkong, Canada and China.

WORD TOP 10: MANGO PRODUCING COUNTRIES:2011 RANKCOUNTRY PRODUCTION (TONNES) 1India 15,188,0002China 4,350,0003Thailand 2,600,0004Indonesia 2,131,1395Pakistan 1,888,4496Mexico 1,827,3147Brazil 1,249,5218Bangladesh 889,1769Nigeria 850,00010Philippines 800,551

Philippine is our number 9 spot in the list of mango producing countries. It produces 823,576 tons/year mangoes. It is the 3.6 % of worlds total mango production. The most famous mango in Philippines is what we refer to as champagne mangoes. It is also referred to as Manila Mango, Ataulfo mango, and Honey mango. Manila mango is considered to be the sweetest mango in the world. It is even listed in the Guinness book of world records.

SECTORAL ANALYSISA. Input Sector1. Major Input SupplierTypes of growers or farmersbackyard growers- classified about have of the supply who owned mango farms with 5-20 fruit bearing treescommercial growers- usually professionals and entrepreneurs who are based on urban centerscorporate farms- either have integrated productions and processing operations, or export their produce to foreign markets through their exclusive market farms

Input utilization (Volume and Value)

B. Farm Sector

Mango thrives in areas with at least four to five dry months. In the Philippines, the leading production areas are Pangasinan in Luzon (382, 538 mt); Western and Central Visayas (54, 642 mt), Davao Region (32, 382 mt) and Cotabato provinces (51, 613 mt) for Mindanao.

The Philippine mango industry supports some 2.5 million farmers and farm family members. Of the 880, 759 ha of the Philippine soil planted to fruit crops, the area planted to mango was estimated at 158, 000 ha, with seven million trees in 2004. It has produced 967, 000 mt fruits, valued at P16, 135 million. (Roadmap to Mango Industry and BAS 2004)

1.Technological development in productionProduction statusGood Agricultural Practices (GAP)Adoption of improved cultivars.Adoption of high density planting in cultivarsRegulating flowering and increasing intensity of flowering.Pruning malformed mango shoots at bearing stageAlternate bearing needs to be managed by reducing fruiting during a year by adoption of pruning and thinning practicesProviding life saving irrigation at the critical stage of fruit growth etc.Providing life saving irrigation at the critical stage of fruit growth etc.Integrated nutrient and water management.Management of spongy tissue through sod mulching.Integrated pest and disease management practices and timely control of pests and diseases, especially mango hopper, mango mealy bug and sprays of Bavistin at fruit development stage especially after rains.

C. Processing Sector

D. Marketing Sector

Among internationally traded tropical fruits, mango ranks only second to pineapple in quantity and value. Major markets for fresh and dried mangoes in 1998 were: Malaysia, Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong and the Netherlands, while for canned mango were: Netherlands, Australia, United Kingdom, Germany, France and USA.

Southeast Asian buyers consume mangoes all year round. Their supplies come mainly from India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Australia and most recently South Africa. The Philippines also takes advantage of the low tariff in export provided by the World Trade Organization (WTO). In Japan, the tariff on fresh and dried mangoes went down from six to three percent allowing Philippine mangoes to enter duty-free markets.

Fresh mango is the leading dollar earner of the country, constituting 59% of total mango export. Other export products include dried mangoes (16%), mango puree (18%), juice concentrates (6%) and other mango juices (1%).

2. Local distributionsA. Supply and DemandDemand and supplyThe Philippines exports only less than 10% of total mango production with the value of about US$61 million.The Philippines exports mangoes to 48 countries.While mango is in demand in foreign markets, the value of domestic consumption is worth P41.6 billion

Product flowPricing strategiesExcept for Indian mango, the prices of all mango varieties increased in 2004 due to lowered production caused by heavy rains and strong winds. Average farmgate price of green carabao and Pico were at P23 and P17 respectively, per kilogram. Average wholesale prices of green and ripe mangoes ranged from P37 to P46. The prices of mangoes at farmgate, wholesale and retail levels are high in January to February and September to December. Lowest prices were observed from March to July. (BAS 2004)

3. Support sectorFinancial/credit servicesThe National Government provides credit assistance through DA-Quedancor, the Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP), High Value Commercial Crops, the Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP) Todo Unland Program and its Cooperative Lending Program, the ACPC-IFS Special Agricultural Financing Window and the Export Credit and Guarantee Facility for exporters It has also tasked the Agricultural Credit Policy Council (ACPC) to review all credit facilities available to growers, processors and exporters in order to better address their funding requirements and upgrade their facilities to meet GMP, HACCP, ISO and other quality assurance standards.

Quedancor- Self-reliant Team (SRT), loanable amount of P50-110,000/ha, interest of 14%/annum, maximum of one year duration

Institutional Support Mango is a priority crop of DA-HVCC program PCARRD has been in the forefront of setting up the Mango Information Network (MIN), which provides information and updates on all aspects of the mango industry

Technological assistanceMango Information Network (MIN) is an information service designed to take care of the information needs of key players in the Philippine mango industry. Its central node is at the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCARRD) at Los Baos, Laguna, Philippines. It serves as a responsive node, equipped with advanced computer facilities connected to the internet via PCARRD's network connection to the Department of Science and Technology (DOST). To serve more people across the archipelago, it has established satellite nodes in Zambales, Iloilo, and Davao.

SWOT ANALYSISStrength We have one of the best fresh mangoes in the world We are producing the best processed mangoes Grown in most parts of the country Year-round production Availability of production and processing technologies Priority fruit crop supported by major programs of DA, DOST, DTI and DOT

Weakness Emergence of new pests and diseases Massive cutting of mango trees Declining number of mango growers/spray contractors/financiersPredominance of backyard farms posing quality control problems Erratic and relatively low yield Susceptibility to a range of insect pests, diseases and disorders Short storage life High freight cost Insufficient supply Disaggregate sector and multi-layered marketing resulting in inefficiencies High cost of production Lower yield due to pest and diseases, climate change and poor farming practices resulting in the wrong application of technologies (fertilizers and insecticide)

Opportunities Large domestic market/demand. High demand in the international market for fresh, dried and puree Strategic geographical location in ASEAN and whole Asian markets. Expanding export markets

Threats Strong competition from imported fruits. Stiff competition from other mango producing countries (Mexico, Thailand, Vietnam) Predominance of Florida types in the world market Emergence of new pests and diseases Massive cutting of mango trees Declining number of mango growers/spray contractors/financiers

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSThere is a need to upgrade laboratory facilitiesProper knowledge should be undertaken to ensure compliance to pesticide manualGovernment agencies to immediate disseminate new regulatory requirements that are to be imposed by importing countriesFull development of organic farmingThe need for technology advancement to equip the country with the necessary measures to assure environment protection and food safety

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