Manifest Destiny: destiny ordained by God to expand from Coast to Coast

• Louisiana Purchase: doubles the size of the nation, 1803, Jefferson

• War of 1812: War Hawks wanted to expand (‘Onward Canada’), gain Florida

• Lure of the West:

-escape debt and the law

-economic gain thru land

-social gains: fresh start

-ordained by God

Mormons

• Religious group founded by Joseph Smith (today Church of Jesus Christ Latter Day Saints)

• Smith was killed by a mob denouncing his views and Brigham Young leads the Mormons west on the Oregon Trail

• They permanently settle near the great salt lake—today Salt Lake City and help found the state of Utah

http://www.pbs.org/mormons/map/index.html

TEXAS

• Immigrants for U.S. move into Mexican Texas per invitation

• Stephen Austin: leads the settlers, reports back—”as good in every respect as a man could wish for”

• As settlers pour in, Mexico tries to regain control fearing US plot to acquire Mexico

Battle of the Alamo

• Early battle in the Texas Revolution, huge defeat for Texans, all were killed

• 13 day siege gives Sam Houston time to raise an army to fight

• Texans led by Houston eventually go on to defeat Mexican Army and Santa Ana

• 1836—Lone Star Republic, Sam Houston serves as president

• Independence not recognized by Mexico until after the Mexican War

Western Lands• Indian Conflicts:

-Indian Removal—(1830) forced-Laramie Treaty—(1851) gave Great Plains to Indians who’d allow roads and forts to be built-Broken Treaties—mass movement of settlers would violate the treaty

• Oregon Territory:– Oregon Trail: ran from

Independence, Missouri to Portland, Oregon

– Conestoga Wagon caravans as a means of travel

– Donner Party—group headed to California, become trapped, resort to cannibalism

– 54’40 or fight: James K. Polk launches a manifest destiny campaign for the election of 1844

Mexican War

• Texas is annexed and border disputes quickly begin Polk sends troops war breaks out after skirmish

• General Zachary Taylor and General Winfield Scott lead the U.S. to victory

• 25,000 Mexicans died and over ¼ of Mexico is lost in the Mexican cessation of 1848

• US gains: California, Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming

Spoils of War• Treaty of Guadalupe

Hidalgo officially ends war and gives the Mexican Cessation

• Gadsden Purchase—1853 small section of lower Arizona completes southern border

• Zachary Taylor—war hero become president

• California Gold Rush: found in 1848, Gold Rush of 1849 (’49ers) leads to early statehood for CA

Activity

• Complete map of US Territorial Growth in 1853

• Classwork/Homework: story on the War with Mexico and Expanding Markets Moving West Wksht