Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny• The 19th century belief that the

United States would inevitably expand westward to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican territory.

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Describe what this illustration is portraying. Use 3-4 sentences.

AMERICAN PROGRESS-JOHN AMERICAN PROGRESS-JOHN GASTGAST

• IN JOHN GAST'S "AMERICAN PROGRESS," (1872) A DAINTILY CLAD AMERICA FLOATS WESTWARD THRU THE AIR WITH THE

• "STAR OF EMPIRE" ON HER FOREHEAD. SHE HAS LEFT THE CITIES OF THE • EAST BEHIND, AND THE WIDE MISSISSIPPI, AND STILL HER COURSE IS • WESTWARD. IN HER RIGHT HAND SHE CARRIES A SCHOOL BOOK-- • TESTIMONIAL OF THE NATIONAL ENLIGHTENMENT, WHILE WITH HER LEFT • SHE TRAILS THE SLENDER WIRES OF THE TELEGRAPH THAT WILL BIND THE • NATION. FLEEING HER APPROACH ARE INDIANS, BUFFALO, WILD HORSES, • BEARS, AND OTHER GAME, DISAPPEARING INTO THE STORM AND WAVES OF • THE PACIFIC COAST. THEY FLEE THE WONDEROUS VISION--THE STAR "IS • TOO MUCH FOR THEM."

Go West, young man!Go West, young man!Horace Greely in the Horace Greely in the New York Tribune (1856)New York Tribune (1856)

• The growth of railroads and canals helped the growth of an industrial economy and supported the westward movement of settlers.

Examples of Manifest DestinyExamples of Manifest Destiny

• Revolutionary War

• Louisiana Purchase

• Spanish Cession

• Texas Annexation

• Oregon Territory

• Mexican Cession

• Gadsden Purchase

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Westward ExpansionWestward Expansion• After the Revolutionary War

America won the right to EXPAND

–Claimed the land between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River

–Doubled the original size of the colonies

Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase• President Jefferson bought the

Louisiana Purchase from FRANCE in 1803

–Doubled the size of the United States AGAIN

(530 million acres for 3¢ an acre - about $15 million)

Spanish Cession (1819)Spanish Cession (1819)• Hundreds of runaway slaves

escaped to Spanish controlled Florida

• U.S. received the Spanish Cession (Florida) for $5 million – a debt owed by the Spanish government

Texas Annexation (1845)Texas Annexation (1845)• Mexican gov’t allowed American settlers

in Texas• Overpopulation led the Mexican gov’t to

tighten laws on American settlers• Texas declared independence as the

Lone Star Republic• The U.S. added Texas as a state 10 years

after its independence from Mexico

Remember the AlamoRemember the Alamo

• American migration into Texas led to an armed revolt against Mexican rule and a famous battle at the Alamo, in which a band of Texans, led by Davey Crocket fought to the last man against a vastly superior force. The Texans’ eventual victory over Mexican forces subsequently brought Texas into the United States.

Oregon Territory (1846)Oregon Territory (1846)• 1818 – U.S. and Great Britain agreed

to joint-occupation or shared ownership of the Oregon territory

• U.S. signed a treaty with Great Britain after 28 years of joint-occupation

• U.S. – southern half• Britain – northern half

Mexican Cession (1848)Mexican Cession (1848)• Admitted Texas as a state angered the

Mexican gov’t• U.S. established boundary at the Rio

Grande River and Mexico claimed it along the Nueces River

• Dispute led to the Mexican War• U.S. defeated Mexico and paid $15

million dollars for the Mexican Cession

Gadsden Purchase (1853)Gadsden Purchase (1853)• Congress was studying possible

routes for a transcontinental railroad

• Proposed – a southern route from New Orleans to California

• U.S. paid Mexico $10 million for the Gadsden Purchse for a level route for a transcontinental railroad

PUBLIC OPINIONPUBLIC OPINIONFor Expansion Against expansion•Majority of the people

•It was the will of God or FATE that the U.S. claim the entire continent

•Minority of the people

•Questioned if democracy could succeed in such a large nation

•Could the government meet the needs of the west

•What about slavery? More slave states in the west would upset the balance between free and slave states

Eli WhitneyEli Whitney

• Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin led to the spread of the slavery-based “cotton kingdom” in the Deep South.

The Monroe Doctrine (1823)The Monroe Doctrine (1823)

• The American continents should not be considered for future colonization by any European powers.

• Nations in the Western Hemisphere were inherently different from those of Europe—i.e., they were republics by nature rather than monarchies.

• The United States would regard as a threat to its own peace and safety any attempt by European powers to impose their system on any independent state in the Western Hemisphere.

• The United States would not interfere in European affairs.