Mapping the Realm ofMapping the Realm ofHot JupitersHot Jupiters

Bun’ei Sato, Shigeru IdaBun’ei Sato, Shigeru Ida （（ TitechTitech ）） ,,Eri ToyotaEri Toyota （（ Kobe Univ.Kobe Univ. ）） , Masashi Omiya, Masashi Omiya （（ Tokai Tokai

Univ.Univ. ）） ,,Debra FischerDebra Fischer （（ SFSUSFSU ）） ,,

Greg LaughlinGreg Laughlin （（ UC Santa CruzUC Santa Cruz ）） ,,Paul ButlerPaul Butler （（ Carnegie Inst. of WashingtonCarnegie Inst. of Washington ）） ,,

Geoff MarcyGeoff Marcy （（ UC BerkeleyUC Berkeley ））

Mapping the Realm of Hot JupitersMapping the Realm of Hot Jupiters

Doppler search for Hot Jupiters with Doppler search for Hot Jupiters with Subaru/HDS, Keck, MagellanSubaru/HDS, Keck, Magellan （（ N2K consortiuN2K consortiumm ）） Hunting “transiting” planetsHunting “transiting” planets Since 2004, 14 planets were discovered from N2KSince 2004, 14 planets were discovered from N2K 2 transiting planets 2 transiting planets （（ HD149026b, HD149026b, HD17156bHD17156b ） ）

from Subaru !!from Subaru !! Many planet-candidates are waiting for follow-upMany planet-candidates are waiting for follow-up

Subaru intensive programSubaru intensive program S06AS06A （（ 10 nights10 nights ）） , S06B, S06B （（ 10 nights10 nights ）） Determine orbital parameters of planet-candidates Determine orbital parameters of planet-candidates

making use of long time-baselinemaking use of long time-baseline

Hot JupitersHot Jupiters Giant planets in short-period orbitsGiant planets in short-period orbits

PP ＜＜ 14d: ~70 HJ so far (30 are from transit surveys)14d: ~70 HJ so far (30 are from transit surveys) Frequency ~ 1%Frequency ~ 1%

High-probability transit candidatesHigh-probability transit candidates information about planet itself information about planet itself （（ radius, internal radius, internal

structure, atmosphere, etc.structure, atmosphere, etc. ）） ex) HD149026b has an extraordinary huge solid core ex) HD149026b has an extraordinary huge solid core

(Sato et al. 2005)(Sato et al. 2005) Tracers of multi-planet systemsTracers of multi-planet systems

resonant configurationresonant configuration orbital evolution of planetary systemsorbital evolution of planetary systems

Test case of planet formation theoryTest case of planet formation theory migration, tidal circularization,,,migration, tidal circularization,,,

N2K ConsortiumN2K Consortium

Search for Hot Jupiters around Search for Hot Jupiters around next 2000 solar-type starsnext 2000 solar-type stars

KeckKeck （（ USAUSA ）、）、 MagellanMagellan （（ ChileChile ）、）、SubaruSubaru （（ JapanJapan ））

Aiming to detect Aiming to detect 60 Hot Jupiters 60 Hot Jupiters andand 5-6 5-6 transiting planetstransiting planets

Precise Doppler measurementPrecise Doppler measurementusing Iodine absorption cellusing Iodine absorption cell

Current precision with HDSCurrent precision with HDS ~4 m/s ~4 m/s （（ short-termshort-term ）） ~10 m/s ~10 m/s （（ long-termlong-term ））

StrategyStrategyDatabase of 14,000 starsDatabase of 14,000 stars

・ ・ VV ＜＜ 10.5, d10.5, d ＜＜ 110 pc, FGK V,IV110 pc, FGK V,IV

・ ・ metalliicty, activity, binary,,,metalliicty, activity, binary,,,

High priority to metal-rich starsHigh priority to metal-rich stars

Detection probability fromMonte Carlo Simulation ３＋１ ３＋１ nights observationnights observation

・・ Identify candidates in Identify candidates in 3 consecutive 3 consecutive nightsnights　　・　　・ RMSRMS ＞＞ 20 m/s → follow-up20 m/s → follow-up　　・　　・ RMSRMS ＜＜ 20 m/s → drop20 m/s → drop・・ Confirm candidates after 1 more nightConfirm candidates after 1 more nightin 1 month later in 1 month later

（ 0.5MJ ）

P=0.03x10^2[Fe/H]

Status: Keck & MagellanStatus: Keck & Magellan

MagellanMagellan

KeckKeck

600 stars600 stars12 planets (6 hot Jupiters)12 planets (6 hot Jupiters)30 more planet candidates30 more planet candidates

3 nights/yr3 nights/yr

380 stars380 stars20 planet candidates20 planet candidates

3-4 nights/yr3-4 nights/yr

Status: SubaruStatus: Subaru

635635 stars stars >3 times: 512 stars>3 times: 512 stars <2 times: 123 stars <2 times: 123 stars

•S04AS04A （（ 4 nights4 nights ））•S04BS04B （（ 4 nights4 nights ））•S05BS05B （（ 5 nights5 nights ））

•S06AS06A （（ 10 nights10 nights ）） 6 6 （（ Jun.Jun. ）） +4 +4 （（ Jul.Jul. ））

•S06BS06B （（ 10 nights10 nights ）） 10 10 （（ Dec.Dec. ））

find planet candidatesfind planet candidates

confirm orbital parametersconfirm orbital parameters（（ and find new planet candidatesand find new planet candidates ））

•S08AS08A （（ 1.5 nights1.5 nights ）） follow-up planet candidatesfollow-up planet candidates

Metallicity: All N2K TargetsMetallicity: All N2K Targets

Fischer et al. in preparation

Nobs = 188

1291 stars

88 planets expected

P=0.03x10^2[Fe/H]

Metallicity: Subaru TargetsMetallicity: Subaru Targets

Fischer et al. in preparation

Nobs = 188

504 stars

30 planets expected

P=0.03x10^2[Fe/H]

RV Variations: Subaru TargetsRV Variations: Subaru Targets

471 stars

64 stars （ 20<σRV<200 m/s ）-2 published planets -HD149026, HD17156-3 strong planet-candidates at present-15 stars showing intermediate- to long-term trend (planet or SB)-20 possible planet-candidates-Others (active stars etc.)

Planet Candidates from SubaruPlanet Candidates from SubaruP~35d

P~700dP~500d

Green:Keck 　　 Red ： Subaru

P=21.2 dK1=275 m/s

e=0.67e=0.67

Mpsini=3.1 MJUP

a=0.15 AUa=0.15 AU

HD 17156 （ G0V, V=8.2 ）　 M1=1.2M, R1=1.47R

　 [Fe/H]=0.24, Age=5.7Gyr

Periastron distance q=a （ 1-e ） =0.05 AU0.05 AU

Tidal force from the central star

Green:Keck 　　 Red ： Subaru

HD17156b

Mercury

Fischer et al. 2007, ApJ, 669, 1336

Eccentric Short-Period Planet: Eccentric Short-Period Planet: HD 17156 bHD 17156 b

Planet evolving to a hot Jupiter?

Eccentricity Distribution of Eccentricity Distribution of ExoplanetsExoplanets

HD 17156 b

q=0.05 AU

circularized

Formation of Hot JupiterFormation of Hot Jupiter

Orbital MigrationOrbital Migrationmigration due to interaction with diskmigration due to interaction with disksmall eccentricitysmall eccentricity

Sling-shot ScenarioSling-shot Scenariogravitational interaction between planetsgravitational interaction between planetsone planet scattered close to the central star one planet scattered close to the central star

(with large eccentricity) becomes a hot Jupiter (with large eccentricity) becomes a hot Jupiter due to tidal force from the central stardue to tidal force from the central star

Aug. 16, 2008 　 Web release (homepage of Subaru)

Transit Detection in HD17156Transit Detection in HD17156

Transit depth ～ 0.6 ％Barbieri et al. 2007, A&A, 476, L13

Sep. 9-10, 2007 (UT) 　 Amateur in Italy

Rplanet1.15±0.11RJUPTwo of the two planets found bySubaru are transiting ones !!

Sky Projected Angle between Stellar Spin Sky Projected Angle between Stellar Spin Axis and Planetary Orbital AxisAxis and Planetary Orbital Axis ：： λλ

λ=0° λ=60°λ=30°

Stellar spin axisis on YZ-plane

Ohta et al. 2005

Gaudi & Winn 2007

RM effect λ and VssinIs

Rossiter-McLaughlin Effect

Previous ObservationsPrevious Observations

λ （ ° ） Mp （ M

J ）a （ AU ）

e Reference

HD209458 -4.4±1.4 0.66 0.0474 0.015 Winn et al. 2005

HD189733 -1.4±1.1 1.13 0.0312 0.001 Winn et al. 2006

HD147506 1.2±13.4 8.0 0.0686 0.5 Winn et al. 2007

HD149026 -12±15 0.35 0.0432 0 Wolf et al. 2007

TrES-1 30±21 0.76 0.0394 0 Narita et al. 2007

｜｜ λλ ｜｜ =0=0 ～～ 30°30°No large misalignmentNo large misalignment

Photometric and Spectroscopic Photometric and Spectroscopic Observations of HD17156Observations of HD17156

by Osamu Oshimaat Kurashiki-shi

Planet radius/Stellar radius＝ 0.084621.21±0.12RJ

Narita et al. PASJ, submitted

Orbital Period=21.2162±0.0036 d

11 Nov. 2007

RM effect RM effect λ=62±25°λ=62±25°＠ OAO/HIDES

● 岡山、▲すばる、■ケック

λ=60°

Narita et al. PASJ, submitted

HD17156HD17156

λ （ ° ） Mp （ M

J ）a （ AU ）

e Ref.

HD209458 -4.4±1.4 0.66 0.047 0.015 Winn et al. 2005

HD189733 -1.4±1.1 1.13 0.031 0.001 Winn et al. 2006

HD147506 1.2±13.4 8.0 0.069 0.5 Winn et al. 2007

HD149026 -12±15 0.35 0.043 0 Wolf et al. 2007

TrES-1 30±21 0.76 0.039 0 Narita et al. 2007

HD17156HD17156 62±2562±25 3.133.13 0.150.15 0.670.67 Narita et al. 2007Narita et al. 2007

First possible candidateFirst possible candidatewith large spin-orbit misalignmentwith large spin-orbit misalignment

Summary & Future ProspectsSummary & Future Prospects

2 planets have been found so far from Subaru2 planets have been found so far from Subaru both of them are transiting ones, and they are unique and give big both of them are transiting ones, and they are unique and give big

impact on planet formation theoryimpact on planet formation theory

Metallicity database of all the N2K targets will be Metallicity database of all the N2K targets will be published soonpublished soon

Improvement of RV precision of HDS is still requiredImprovement of RV precision of HDS is still required ~10 m/s offset between observing runs~10 m/s offset between observing runs

Continuous observations are necessary to investigate Continuous observations are necessary to investigate cause of RV variations for 40 more candidatescause of RV variations for 40 more candidates Queue-observations are helpfulQueue-observations are helpful Ex.) 1-2 hours x many daysEx.) 1-2 hours x many days