MarkertBiology2011

Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of _______

Nucleotides

A nucleotide consists of _______, _________, and __________.

a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.

The part of the molecule for which deoxyribonucleic acid is named is the _______

sugar - deoxyribose

Of the four nitrogen bases in DNA, which two are purines and which two are pyrimidines?

Purines are AdenineAdenine and GuanineGuanine

Pyrimidines are ThymineThymine and CytosineCytosine

Which of the following is not true about DNA replication? a. It must occur before a cell can

divide b. Two complementary strands are

duplicated. c. The double strand unwinds and

unzips while it is being duplicated. d. The process is catalyzed by

enzymes called DNA mutagens.

d. The process is catalyzed by enzymes called DNA mutagens.

RNA differs from DNA in that RNAa. _______b. _______c. _______

is single-stranded.contains the nitrogen base uracil.

contains a different sugar molecule.

In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to _______

uracil

The function of rRNA is to form _______

ribosomes

During transcription, the genetic information for making a protein is “rewritten” as a molecule of _______

messenger RNA

Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n) _______

codon

Each of the following is a type of RNA excepta. carrier RNA.b. messenger RNA.c. ribosomal RNA.d. transfer RNA.

a. carrier RNA.

A ribosome hasA. one binding site for DNA.B. three binding sites used during translation.

C. four binding sites for tRNA.D. no binding sites since the proteins must detach.

B. three binding sites used during translation.

NOT ON THE TEST!!!

The form of ribonucleic acid that carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes is _______

mRNA

mRNA codons amino acid

UAU, UAC tyrosine

CCU, CCC, CCA,

CCG

proline

GAU, GAC aspartic

acid

AUU, AUC, AUA isoleucine

UGU, UGC cysteine

Refer to the illustration. Suppose that you are given a protein containing the following sequence of amino acids: tyrosine, proline, aspartic acid, isoleucine, and cysteine. Use the portion of the genetic code given to determine which of the following contains a DNA sequence that codes for this amino acid sequence.

a. AUGGGUCUAUAUACGb. ATGGGTCTATATACGc. GCAAACTCGCGCGTA

d. ATAGGGCTTTAAACA

b. ATGGGTCTATATACG

Transfer RNA a. carries an amino acid to its correct codon.

b. synthesizes amino acids as they are needed.

c. produces codons to match the correct anticodons.

d. converts DNA into mRNA.

a. carries an amino acid to its correct codon.

amino acidamino acidattachment siteattachment site

UA Canticodonanticodon

Transcription is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is transferred to a(n) _______

RNA molecule

A DNA subunit composed of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base is called a(n) _______

nucleotide

The name of the five-carbon sugar that makes up a part of the backbone of molecules of DNA is _______

deoxyribose

Watson and Crick determined that DNA molecules have the shape of a(n) _______

double helix

Due to the strict pairing of nitrogen bases in DNA molecules, the two strands are said to be _________to each other.

complementary

The process by which DNA copies itself is called _______

replication

The nitrogen-containing base that is only found in RNA is _______

uracil

Messenger RNA is produced during the process of _____

transcription

During translation, amino acids are brought to the ribosomes by molecules of _______

transfer RNA amino acidamino acidattachment siteattachment site

UACanticodonanticodon

Nucleotide sequences of tRNA that are complementary to codons on mRNA are called _______

anticodons

The sequence of three nucleotides that code for specific amino acids or stop signals in the synthesis of protein is called a(n) _______

codon

The information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA is used to make protein during the process of _____

translation

Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together.

_____ pairs with ____________ pairs with _________

Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together.

_________ pairs with ____________ pairs with _________

•Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together.________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________

A TG C

For each process below, identify where it occurs in the cell and what is produced.

Replication:

Transcription:

Translation

•Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together.________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________

For each process below, identify where it occurs in the cell and what is produced.

Replication:

Transcription:

Translation

Nucleus, identical DNA strand Nucleus, identical DNA strand

Nucleus, mRNANucleus, mRNA

Ribosomes, tRNA - proteinRibosomes, tRNA - protein

List three differences between DNA and RNA

a.b.c.

•Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together.________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________

List three differences between DNA and RNA

a.b.c.

DNA – double strand; RNA – single strandDNA – double strand; RNA – single strand

DNA – deoxyribose sugar; RNA – ribose sugarDNA – deoxyribose sugar; RNA – ribose sugar

DNA – Thymine nitrogen base; RNA – Uracil DNA – Thymine nitrogen base; RNA – Uracil nitrogen base nitrogen base

Identify 3 types of RNA, where they are found and what they do.

a.b.c.

•Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together.________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________

Identify 3 types of RNA, where they are found and what they do.

a.b.c.

mRNA – mRNA –

tRNA – tRNA –

rRNA - rRNA -

Use your codon chart on to complete the table below.

•Use your codon chart on to complete the table below.

DNA Triplet

TTC

mRNA codon

UAG

tRNA

anti-codon

CAG

Amino acid

coded

met

•Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together.________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________

DNA Triplet TTC

mRNA codon

UAG

tRNA

anti-codon

CAG

Amino acid coded

met

UACUAC

AUGAUG

TACTAC

VALVAL

GUCGUC

CAGCAG

AAGAAG

UUCUUC

LYSLYS

AUCAUC

ATCATC

STOPSTOP

Using the following DNA sequences, identify each of the following: Mutations: substitution, insertion and deletion

TAC GCC AGC CCG AGC TAT AAA ATT

Mutation: ___________________________

1: TAC GCA GCC CGA GCT ATA AAA TT

Mutation ___________________________

2: TAC GCC AGC CCG AAC TAT AAA ATT

Mutation ___________________________

3: TAC GCC ATG CCC GAG CTA TAA AAT T

•Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together.________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________

Mutations: substitution, insertion and deletion

TAC GCC AGC CCG AGC TAT AAA ATT Mutation: ___________________________

1: TAC GCA GCC CGA GCT ATA AAA TT

Mutation ___________________________

2: TAC GCC AGC CCG AAC TAT AAA ATT

Mutation ___________________________

3: TAC GCC ATG CCC GAG CTA TAA AAT T

DELETIONDELETION

SUBSTITUTIONSUBSTITUTION

INSERTIONINSERTION

Which mutations above would have the have the greatest impact on an organism? Why?

Which mutations above would have the have the greatest impact on an organism? Why?

•Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together.________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________

??????????????????

CC

EE

D, FD, F

GG

FFDD

HH