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Manufactured by Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc.

Bio-based Control for Invasive Mussels

Prepared for NSF Joint Committee on Drinking Water Additives4 December 2013

Marrone Bio Innovations:Delivering the Next Generation in Biopesticides

We discover, develop, and market

effective and environmentally

responsible

bio-based pest management products

for agriculture and water applications

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Founded in 2006 by Dr. Pamela Marrone

Currently employ 110+ employees

Headquartered in Davis, CA

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Zebra and Quagga Mussels are Spreading Throughout US and Canada

Invasive Mussels Cause $ Billions in Economic & Environmental Damage

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Zequanox: The Industry’s Only Biopesticide for Invasive Mussel Control

Environmentally friendly• Derived from soil microbe Pseudomonas

fluorescens– Present in all natural water bodies– Used in production of food product (cheese

product) and present in yoghurt – High concentrations present in your refrigerator– Composed of 50% dead cells and 50% food-grade

inert ingredients

EPA-registered, tolerance exempt (residues are not of toxicological concern)• Approved for all food and non-food uses,

including uses that result in direct or incidental contact with food, food-contact materials/equipment, irrigation and drinking source water

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Overview of Manufacturing Steps

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Fermentation Raw Materials

Raw Materials are Batched and Sterilized

Sterile Fermentation

Concentration (e.g, centrifuge, fluidized bed)

Batching with concentrated cells and inert ingredients

Spry Drying-Heat kills cells Packaging

Specifications require food grade

QC testing of post batching and sterilization

QC of HarvestDesigned to specifically grow Pf CL 145

QC on concentrated cells

QC on concentrated cells

QC on final productMinimally includes;-Pathogen testing-Viable cell count

Manufacture at food grade facilities (some Kosher)

Zequanox – possible uses in infested systems

Storage and stabilization basins (NSF60 often required) Large transmission systems - canals, pipelines (NSF60 required) Reservoirs and Lakes (NSF60 often required)

- No EPA water quality limit for drinking water (e.g. copper)- Will not kill stocked fish

Intake structures (NSF60 required)- Will not produce disinfection by-products in raw water

- Will not contribute residual copper to raw water

X Not labeled or intended for direct application to treated drinking water (zebra mussels do not occur in chlorinated systems)

X Can not be combined with other chemical treatmentsPage 7

Mussel Control Treatment Alternatives

• Chemical– Oxidation chemicals – chlorine, ozone, KMnO4

• Chlorine frequently used in long conveyance structures (MWD of Southern California) and long intake channels (miles)

– Non-oxidizing chemicals• KCl

– One use in a non-drinking water source

• Amine compounds

• Copper sulfate

– Use in a few isolated situations for mussel control in source waters (legally)

• Non-chemical– Zequanox

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Possible Resolutions

• Amend the standard to accommodate microbial products that are intentionally added to water

• Approve NSF60 cert. of Zequanox on the grounds that it is not a (live) microbial product

• Other options?

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