Upload
cleopatra-davidson
View
218
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
MASS MEDIA & PUBLIC OPINION
Chapter 8-9
Public Opinion
Public opinion Attitudes held by a significant number
of people concerning political issues. Americans belong to many different
groups with distinctive viewpoints. Can be very hard to determine
Public Opinion
Political Socialization The process by which each person
acquires political opinions
Factors that determine our opinions
Family Parents’ opinions absorbed Largest influence on our opinion Young voters: more likely to be
independent
Factors that determine our opinions
Religion Protestants tend to be more
conservative (individual morality) Catholics & Jews, historically, have
been more liberal (social justice) Others: Not as historically predictable Non-religious: usually more liberal
Factors that determine our opinions
Education Learn about citizenship, national
pride, great Americans Take Government! College has liberalizing effect
Factors that determine our opinions
Occupation Social class, tax burden
Gender Gender Gap: Men tend to be more
conservative; Women more liberal Social programs? Income?
Factors that determine our opinions
Peer Groups Classmates, co-workers compare
opinions
Historic Events Civil War, Great Depression, Vietnam,
9-11 Current Recession
Factors that determine our opinions
Mass Media TV, radio, newspapers, internet TVs in 98% of American homes 1st Amendment guarantees rights of
press to express opinions and expose scandals.
Lots of options for information, Varying quality
Mass Media
How much does media shape opinions? Does it have an agenda?
It should not tell us what to think. It should tell us what to think about.
Bias undertones of opinions
Propaganda Technique of persuasion aimed at
creating a belief, regardless of its validity
Measuring Public Opinion
Elections Best way to gauge public opinion Almost all citizens are eligible to voice
their opinion How can we predict election
results?
Measuring Public Opinion
Polls: 2 Types
1. Straw Polls Ask one question to a large group and
waits for responses Radio hosts, websites Not scientific
You cannot draw conclusions based on these results
Measuring Public Opinion
2. Scientific Polls Ask a sample of the voters how they
would vote Must represent the voters
Proportions from each race, class, and region
Always has a margin for error (±3%) Gallup Organization, etc.
Art of Polling
1. Random Sample of the population2. Questions must be understandable3. Questions must be asked fairly
• Not leading the responder to one answer
4. Answer categories should be carefully considered
• Approve, disapprove• Excellent, pretty good, fair, poor
Evaluating Polls
When results are in… Do polls report opinions or shape
opinions? Or both? “Bandwagon effect”
Polls are not elections!
Evaluating Polls
Assignment Write THREE clear poll questions on
the political topics of your choice Include answer choices for each
(yes, no; etc.)
Write TWO poll questions that contain bias or otherwise could NOT be used to draw conclusions
Finally, explain why each could not be used.
Chapter 9 – Interest Groups
Interest Groups – Private organizations whose members share common views and work to shape public policy.
Grassroots – political movements supported average voters
Nearly all Interest Groups use Lobbyists in D.C. Supply information to elected officials Testify before congressional committees
as experts Make campaign contributions
Interest Groups
Interest groups DO NOT: Nominate candidates Try to win elections
They are NOT political parties
Examples of Interest Groups MADD, NRA, PETA, AARP Exxon, Boeing, National Association of
Realtors, Verizon Smaller institutions like colleges,
hospitals, etc.
Interest Groups
Criticisms of Interest Groups Don’t always represent the interests
of those they claim to speak for. How much of the actual population do
they represent? In very rare cases, use tactics like
bribery & threats