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DRAFT LEED EB Reference Guide – Materials and Resources August 25, 2003

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MATERIALS AND RESOURCES (MR) Building materials choices are important in sustainable design because of the extensive network of extraction, processing, and transportation steps required to process them. Activities to create building materials pollute the air and water, destroy natural habitats, and deplete natural resources. Construction and demolition wastes comprise about 40% of the total solid waste stream in the U.S. One of the most effective strategies for minimizing the environmental impacts of material use is to reuse existing buildings. Rehabilitation of existing building shells and non-shell components reduces solid waste volumes and diverts these waste volumes from landfills. It also reduces environmental impacts associated with the production and delivery of new building products. Reuse of an existing building minimizes habitat disturbance and typically requires less infrastructure such as utilities and roads. An effective way to use salvaged non-shell components in new buildings is to specify these materials in construction documents. When new materials are used in buildings it is important to consider different material sources. Salvaged materials can be included in the project to add character to the building and savings on material costs. Recycled content materials reuse waste products that would otherwise be deposited in landfills. The use of local materials supports the local economy and reduces the impacts of transportation. The use of rapidly renewable materials and certified wood minimize the impact of natural resource consumption to create new building materials. In recent years, public and private companies have begun to reduce construction waste volumes by recycling and reusing these materials. Recovery and recycling activities typically involve job site separation into multiple bins or disposal areas. These activities can also take place off-site if space is not available on the project site.


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Materials and Resources Prerequisite: Waste Management Waste Management Prerequisite 1.1: Waste Stream Audit MR-Prerequisite 1.1: Intent Establish minimum recycling program elements and quantify current waste stream production volume. MR-Prerequisite 1.1, Section 1: Requirements

Conduct a waste stream audit to establish current waste baseline and implement and maintain procurement/management policies to reduce waste stream through purchasing strategies and collection station equipment and agreements, and occupant awareness notices.

MR-Prerequisite 1.1, Section 2a: Submittals for Initial Certification under LEED EB

Waste Stream Audit and Reduction Actions • Provide a copy of the waste stream audit conducted to establish current

waste baseline. • Provide copy of procurement/management policies implemented to

maintain reduced waste stream through purchasing strategies and collection station equipment and agreements, and occupant awareness notices.

MR-Prerequisite 1.1, Section 2b: Submittals for Subsequent, Ongoing Re-Certification under LEED EB

• If there has been no change to these since previous LEED EB filing provide statement that there has been no change.

• If there has been a change to these since previous LEED EB filing provide updated policies.

MR-Prerequisite 1.1, Section 3: Summary of Referenced Standard Standards Cited: No Standard Cited MR-Prerequisite 1.1, Section 4: Green building Concerns Recycling has become an integral part of American culture in the past two decades. Curbside recycling is now a standard service in many urban communities. Residents separate their recyclables and place them in special bins at the curb for weekly or bi-weekly pickup. Recycling is also becoming the norm in other parts of American life. For instance, office workers recycle paper, airlines recycle aluminum cans, and manufacturing facilities recycle scrap materials such as steel, plastic, and wood. Occupant recycling rates vary by building type. Table 1 provides an estimate of solid waste generation for various building types.


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Table 1: Solid Waste Generation Rates

Building Type Amount of Solid WasteWarehouses 1.5 lbs/100SF/dayOffice Buildings 1 lb/100 SF/dayDepartment Stores 3 lbs/100 SF/daySupermarkets 7 lbs/100 SF/dayRestaurants 2 lbs/100 SF/dayDrugstores 3 lbs/100 SF/dayCafeterias 0.5 to 0.75 lbs/mealClubs 1.5 lbs/mealHotels 2 lbs/room/day & 2 lbs/mealSchools 6 lbs/room & 0.25 lbs/student/dayHospitals 20 lbs/bed/day & 2 lbs/mealNursing Homes 4 lbs/person/daySource: International Dynetics Corporation As an example of the potential for occupant recycling, the waste stream of a large federal office building was analyzed before recycling efforts were employed. The average weight of waste per employee was 2.9 pounds per day. Many of the listed materials, if not all, could be recycled instead of landfilled. The results of the study are shown in Table 2.

Table 2: Solid Waste Stream Characterization

Recyclable Material Percentage (by volume)High-grade paper 39.6%Low-grade paper 20.2%Glass 11.8%Miscellaneous Paper 7.4%Newsprint 7.0%Food Waste 2.9%Cardboard 2.8%Plastic 2.6%Metal 1.8%Other 3.9%


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The most effective method for promoting recycling activities is to create convenient opportunities for building occupants to recycle. This includes designating adequate space for recycling activities and storage of recyclable material volumes. MR-Prerequisite 1.1, Section 5: Environmental Issues By creating convenient recycling opportunities for building occupants, a significant portion of the solid waste stream can be diverted from landfills. Recycling of paper, metals, and plastics reduces the need to extract virgin natural resources. For example, recycling one ton of paper prevents the processing of 17 trees and saves three cubic yards of landfill space. Recycled aluminum requires only 5% of the energy required to produce virgin aluminum from its raw material, bauxite. Recycling also reduces environmental impacts of waste in landfills. Land, water, and air pollution impacts can all be reduced by minimizing waste volumes sent to landfills. MR-Prerequisite 1.1, Section 6: Economic Issues Recycling requires minimal initial cost and offers significant savings in reduced landfill disposal costs or tipping fees. However, recycling activities use floor space that could otherwise be used for other activities. In larger buildings, processing equipment such as can crushers and cardboard balers are effective at minimizing the space required for recycling activities. MR-Prerequisite 1.1, Section 7: Strategies and Technologies In the design phase, designate well-marked collection and storage areas for recyclables including office paper, newspaper, cardboard, glass, metals, plastic, and organic waste. Locate a central collection and storage area in the basement or on the ground level with easy access for collection vehicles. Size the collection and storage space to accommodate recyclables storage. Research local recycling efforts to find the best method of diverting recyclable materials from the waste stream. Provide instruction to occupants and maintenance personnel on recycling procedures. Encourage activities to reduce and reuse materials before recycling in order to reduce the amount of recyclable volumes handled. For instance, building occupants can reduce the solid waste stream by using reusable bottles, bags, and other containers. The City of Seattle has an ordinance that requires minimum areas for recycling and storage of recyclables in commercial buildings. The ordinance is based on the total square footage of the building. Minimum areas for residential buildings were also specified. The ordinance can be downloaded at www.clerk.ci.seattle.wa.us/~public/CBOR1.htm. Table 3 can be used as a guideline to size your recycling area.

Table 3: Recycling Area Guidelines

Commercial Building Square Footage (SF) Minimum Recycling Area (SF)0 to 5,000 825,001 to 15,000 12515,001 to 50,000 175


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50,001 to 100,000 225100,001 to 200,000 275200,001 or more 500 In addition to providing sufficient and accessible space for recycling, other devices may further facilitate recycling efforts. These include, but are not limited to, cardboard balers, aluminum can crushers, and recycling chutes. Engage in a waste stream audit that studies and documents the material that enters the building that results in the generation of waste. Establish materials and supplies purchasing policies that reduce the supply side of waste generation. Place recycling containers throughout the building. Conduct occupant awareness campaigns. Engage recycling company. MR-Prerequisite 1.1, Section 8: Synergies and Trade Offs Dense urban areas typically have recycling infrastructure in place but additional space for collection and storage may be costly. It is possible that recyclable collection and storage space could increase the building footprint in some instances. It is important to address possible IAQ impacts on building occupants due to recycling activities. Those activities that create odors, noise, and air contaminants should be isolated or performed during non-occupant hours to maintain optimal IAQ. MR-Prerequisite 1.1, Section 9: Calculations, Template Documents and Other Materials Generally speaking, a waste stream audit is a procedure to guide and individual or an organization through a series of steps that provide data on how much waste is generated, disposed of and recycled. The waste stream audit looks at how materials are purchased, what materials are brought in to a facility and what goes out of a facility as waste. This audit can also identify what materials are actually recyclable. Follow the steps below to complete an example waste stream audit. These steps were adapted from the Passaic County, New Jersey Office of Natural Resource Programs, “Simple as 1-2-3 Commercial Waste Audit.

Step 1. Waste Disposed

(A) (B) (C) (D) Container

Type (dumpster

or compactor)

Container Size (cu.

yds.)

Container Capacity

(tons)

Frequency of

collection (per month)

Estimated % Filled

Total Weight (tons/month)

Total Weight (tons/year)

Step 1 Grand Total in tons/yr.


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Step 2 Materials Recycled

Material Quantity (tons/yr.) Recycling Market Name and Address

Newspaper Glass Aluminum Tin/bi-metal High grade paper Mixed paper Corrugated Plastics Scrap metals Construction/demolition Tires Used motor oil Auto batteries Leaves Grass Food waste Other Other Step 2 Grand Total Tons/yr

Step 3 Total Waste Stream

Waste Disposed + Materials Recycled = Total Solid Waste Stream Step 1 grand Total + Step 2 Grand Total = Step 3 Grand Total tons/yr + tons/yr. = tons/yr.

Step 4 Waste Composition

(A) (B) (C) (D) Material Estimated

Material Generated (% of waste stream

Tonnage Generated Per Year (from Step 5)

Tonnage Material Recycled (from Step 2)

Current Recycling Rate (from Step 6)

Newspaper Glass Aluminum Tin/bi-metal High grade paper Mixed paper Corrugated


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Plastics Scrap metals Construction/de-molition

Tires Used motor oil Auto batteries Leaves Grass Food waste Other Other

Step 5 Tonnage Generated Per Year for Each Material

Estimated Material Generated

x Total Waste Stream

= Total Tons/Yr. Generated

Step 4 (A) % Totals x Step 3 Grand Total

= Step 5 Totals

tons/yr x tons/yr = tons/yr

Step 6 Current Recycling Rate for Each Material

Tonnage Material Recycled

+ Total Waste Stream x 100 = Recycling Rate

Step 2 Totals + Step 3 Grand Total x 100 = Step 7 % Grand Total

tons/yr + tons/yr x 100 = %

Step 7 Calculating the Overall recycling Rate

Tonnage Material Recycled

+ Total Waste x 100 = Overall Recycling

Rate Step 2 Grand Total + Step 3 Grand Total x 100 = Step 7 %

Grand Total tons/yr + tons/yr x 100 = %

MR-Prerequisite 1.1, Section 10: Other Resources Websites Business Resource Efficiency and Waste Reduction www.ciwmb.ca.gov/bizwaste A program from the California Integrated Waste Management Board to assist in office


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recycling and waste reduction efforts. Waste at Work http://www.informinc.org/wasteatwork.php An online document from Inform, Inc., and the Council on the Environment of New York City on strategies and case studies to reduce workplace waste generation. Earth’s 911 www.1800cleanup.org Information and education programs on recycling as well as regional links to recyclers in your area. Recycling at Work www.usmayors.org/USCM/recycle A program of the U.S. Conference of Mayors that provides information on workplace recycling efforts.

Print Media Composting and Recycling Municipal Solid Waste by Luis Diaz, et. al., CRC Press, 1993. McGraw-Hill Recycling Handbook by Herb Lund, McGraw-Hill, 2000. MR- Prerequisite 1.1, Section 11: Definitions

Definitions Recycling is the collection, reprocessing, marketing and use of materials that were diverted or recovered from the solid waste stream. A Landfill is a waste disposal site for the deposit of solid waste from human activities. MR- Prerequisite 1.1, Section 12: Case Study Note: A LEED EB Case Study will be added from the LEED EB Pilot Applications when these become available.


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Waste Management Prerequisite 1.2: Recycling MR-Prerequisite 1.2: Intent Establish minimum recycling program elements and quantify current waste stream production volume. MR-Prerequisite 1.2, Section 1: Requirements

Provide/maintain an easily accessible recycling area that serves the entire building and that is dedicated to the separation, collection and storage of materials for recycling including (at a minimum) paper, glass, plastics, and metals.

MR-Prerequisite 1.2, Section 2a: Submittals for Initial Certification under LEED EB

Recycling Facilities • Provide floor plan copies highlighting locations of collection and storage of

materials separated for recycling and the easily accessible area that serves the entire building and that is dedicated to the separation, collection and storage of materials for recycling including (at a minimum) paper, glass, plastics, and metals.

MR-Prerequisite 1.2, Section 2.b: Submittals for Subsequent, Ongoing Re-Certification under LEED EB

• If there has been not change to these since previous LEED EB filing provide statement that there has been no change.

• If there has been a change to these since previous LEED EB filing provide updated information.

MR-Prerequisite 1.2, Section 3: Summary of Referenced Standard Standards Cited: No Standard Cited MR-Prerequisite 1.2, Section 4: Green building Concerns MR-Prerequisite 1.2, Section 5: Environmental Issues MR-Prerequisite 1.2, Section 6: Economic Issues MR-Prerequisite 1.2, Section 7: Strategies Engage in a waste stream audit that studies and documents the material that enters the building that results in the generation of waste. Establish materials and supplies purchasing policies that reduce the supply side of waste generation. Place recycling containers throughout the building. Conduct occupant awareness campaigns. Engage recycling company. MR-Prerequisite 1.2, Section 8: Synergies and Trade Offs


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MR-Prerequisite 1.2, Section 9: Calculations, Template Documents and Other Materials MR-Prerequisite 1.2, Section 10: Resources MR- Prerequisite 1.2, Section 11: Definitions MR- Prerequisite 1.2, Section 12: Case Study Note: A LEED EB Case Study will be added from the LEED EB Pilot Applications when these become available.


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Waste Management Prerequisite 1.3: Reduced Mercury in Light Bulbs

Intent Establish a minimum source reduction program to reduce creation of waste and a recycling program to reduce waste stream.

MR-Prerequisite 1.3, Section 1: Requirements

Maintain mercury content of all mercury containing light bulbs below 90 picograms per lumen hour of light output (picogram/lumen hour), on weighted average, for all mercury containing light bulbs acquired for the existing building and associated grounds.

MR-Prerequisite 1.3, Section 2: Submittals – Initial LEED-EB Certification

Provide a copy of the organizational policy specifying that purchases of mercury-containing light bulbs, for use in the existing building on a going forward basis, will be made in such a way that the annual average mercury content of these light bulbs is less than 90 picograms/lumen hour. The annual weighted average mercury content of these light bulbs is calculated by: dividing the total weight of mercury in all the light bulbs acquired during the performance period by the product of the rated hours of life, as stated by the manufacturer (3 hrs on, 20 minutes off, Linear fluorescents and Compact fluorescents, HID lamps 11 hours on) and the design or mean light output of the light bulbs (in lumens, Fluorescent lamps powered by instant-start ballast power factor of 1.0). These calculations should show the total mercury content in the light bulbs acquired, the total lumen hours of light output for all the light bulbs acquired, the number of lamps of each types acquired, and the overall weighted average mercury content in picograms/lumen hour for all light bulbs acquired.

Provide records of all acquisitions during the performance period of mercury-containing light bulbs for use in the building and grounds, and calculations showing that the annual weighted average mercury content of these light bulbs is less than 90 picograms per lumen hour.

MR-Prerequisite 1.3, Section 2: Submittals –LEED-EB Recertification • If there has been no change to the purchasing policy specifying that the annual

average mercury content of these light bulbs is less than 90 picograms/lumen hour, provide a signed letter documenting its continued existence and implementation.

• Provide records of all mercury-containing light bulb acquisitions during the performance period and calculations showing that the annual average mercury content of these light bulbs is less than 90 picograms/lumen hour.

OR If the mercury-containing light bulb purchasing policy has changed, provide a copy of

the revised plan highlighting any changes to the 90 picograms of mercury/lumen hour standard.

Provide records of all mercury-containing light bulb acquisitions during the performance period and calculations showing that the annual weighted average mercury content of these light bulbs is less than 90 picograms/lumen hour.


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MR-Prerequisite 1.3, Section 3: Summary of Referenced Standard Standards Cited: Lamp Life Standards: IESNA LM-40-01 (01-Dec-2001) Standard for Life of Tubular Fluorescence

Note: Conduct life test using 3 hours on 20 minute off cycling and instant start ballast with a ballast factor of 1.

IESNA LM-47-01 (01-Dec-2001) Standard for Life of HID Lamps IESNA LM-60-01 (01-Dec-2001) Standard for Life of Single-Ended Compact Fluorescent Lamps

Lamp life Standards: Lumens are measured in sphere following prescribed IES methods.

LM 9-Linear fluorescent LM 66 Compact fluorescent LM 51-HID lamps

Lamp Lumen Mercury Content Measurement Standards:

Option 1: Obtain manufacturer's certification as to mercury content of each type of light bulb acquired. (If mercury content is provided as a range use the high end of the rage in these calculations.)

Option 2: Test each type of light bulb acquired using USEPA Total Mercury by Cold Vapor Absorption Method 7471A

MR-Prerequisite 1.3, Section 4: Green Building Concerns Several types of light bulbs contain mercury. Reducing the mercury content in light bulbs purchased is a mercury source reduction action that building owners can implement to reduce the amount of toxic material they bring into their buildings. Fluorescent, high intensity discharge (HID), and compact fluorescents are examples of light bulbs that contain mercury. HID light bulbs include mercury-vapor, high-pressure sodium, and metal halide light bulbs. High efficiency light bulbs with low mercury content are available. There are three ways to reduce the mercury brought into buildings in mercury containing light bulbs: lower mercury content, longer life and increased lumen output. By paying attention to these factors, organizations can purchase lighting with low weighted average mercury content and still maintain energy efficient buildings. MR-Prerequisite 1.3, Section 5: Environmental Issues Building owners need to address what they want to bring into their buildings. Mercury is a toxic substance that bio-accumulates. Several types of light bulbs contain mercury and reducing mercury content in light bulb purchases is a mercury source reduction action that building owners can implement. Mercury used by the light bulb manufacturing industry has reduced over time. In 1984, the industry used 57 tons of mercury and by 1997 the industry had reduced this amount to 32 tons of mercury. Not all of the mercury used in light bulb manufacturing goes into the light bulbs. The total amount of mercury contained in light bulbs has been reduced as well. The total mercury contained in florescent light bulbs was 17 tons in 1994, 13 tons in 1999, and 9 tons in 2001 (Source: “Fluorescent Lamps and the Environment,” NEMA). Light bulb purchasers can further


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this trend by buying lower mercury content bulbs from the available range for each type of lighting. The less mercury that is brought into a building in light bulbs, the greater the contribution to source reduction. Source reduction is the most complete solution to reducing introduction of toxic materials, such as mercury, into the environment. MR-Prerequisite 1.3, Section 6: Economic Issues High efficiency light bulbs with long life, low mercury content and high lumen output are available. By paying attention to this issue, organizations can lower the average mercury content of their lighting. High efficiency light bulbs, with lower mercury content, generally do not cost more than light bulbs of comparable type performance with higher mercury content. Longer life bulbs and higher output bulbs do cost more, but the improvements in life reduce maintenance cost and the improvement in lumens may mean fewer lamps are needed. This means that the bulb purchasing cost and operating cost should be about the same when achieving the low average mercury content required by this prerequisite (and may in fact be lower). This prerequisite requirement of 90 picograms/lumen hour maximum mercury content is the weighted average mercury content of mercury containing light bulbs purchased each year, during the performance period This flexibility allows the purchase of light bulbs with a range of mercury contents including some lower and some higher than the average mercury content target. The primary approach for achieving the target mercury reduction in light bulbs is to purchase bulbs with low mercury content, long life, and high light output. Each of these three variables can help drive down the mercury content per lumen hour. Examples of types of light bulbs that are available with low mercury content, long life, and high light output are T-8 and T-5 fluorescent light bulbs. For existing buildings, if the approach of purchasing lamps with lower mercury content, higher lumen output and longer does not provide sufficient mercury content reduction, some light fixtures (for which only high mercury content bulbs are available (some HID fixtures)) may need to be replaced with light fixtures for which low mercury content bulbs are available (fixtures that accommodate T-8 or T-5 tubular fluorescent light bulbs for example). If such fixture replacement is required to allow broader use of low mercury content light bulbs, it will be a one-time cost and only needs to be implemented for enough fixtures to allow the average mercury content target to be achieved. (Retrofits in some applications of T-5 lamps replacing HID have proven to be cost effective in certain applications.) For lighting upgrade projects and for lighting in new buildings, the foundation for achieving this prerequisite can be put in place by designing the lighting so that a high enough percentage of the lighting fixtures installed accommodate low mercury bulbs such that the weighted average light bulb mercury content target can be achieved.


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MR-Prerequisite 1.3, Section 7: Strategies and Technologies Engage in a waste stream audit that studies and documents the material that enters the building that results in the generation of waste. Establish materials and supplies purchasing policies that include source reduction, which reduces the supply side of waste generation. Develop a Plan for Achieving Target 1. Project your lighting lamp replacement requirements for the next year. Note: it is a

good idea to consider including group light bulb replacement to maximize the energy efficiency of lighting.

2. Identify low mercury and no mercury light bulb replacement options that fit the existing fixtures and also meet energy efficiency objectives.

3. For all projected acquisitions of mercury containing light bulbs, create a spreadsheet, described in Section 9 below, and evaluate projected annual average mercury content of all mercury containing lamps.

4. If the annual weighted average mercury content of all the projected mercury containing light bulbs is too high, identify lower mercury content light bulbs that can be used in existing fixtures and upgrade projected replacements to lower mercury content light bulbs.

5. If the annual weighted average mercury content of all the projected mercury containing light bulbs is still too high, identify opportunities to use lower mercury content light bulbs. Identify these opportunities by upgrading some of the existing fixtures, that do not accommodate lower mercury content light bulbs, to new fixtures that do accommodate lower mercury content light bulbs. Install lower mercury content light bulbs in the fixture replacements.

6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 until the weighted average mercury content of all mercury containing light bulbs, projected to be acquired over the next year, is far enough below the 90 picograms/lumen hour target such that future annual acquisitions of mercury containing light bulbs will also meet this target.

Implement Plan Establish and use mercury content purchasing standards for each type of bulb used in your building or on your grounds Track Achievement Track monthly achievements and compare to monthly targets so corrections can be made as necessary to achieve annual target. MR-Prerequisite 1.3, Section 8: Synergies and Trade Offs High efficiency light bulbs with low mercury content, long life, and high lumen output are available. By paying attention to these aspects of light bulb design and performance, organizations can purchase high efficiency lighting with low average mercury content. Light bulbs with lower mercury content generally do not cost more than light bulbs of a comparable type performance with higher mercury content. This means that the bulb purchasing cost and operating cost should be about the same when achieving the low average mercury content required by this prerequisite.


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This prerequisite requires a maximum of 90 picograms of mercury/lumen hour weighted average for the mercury containing light bulbs purchased each year. This allows the flexibility to purchase light bulbs with a range of mercury contents, including some lower and some higher than the average mercury content target. MR-Prerequisite 1.3, Section 9: Calculations, Template Documents and Other Materials A. Documentation to be Collected by LEED EB Participant

Prepare a spreadsheet listing: 1. All acquisitions (purchases, donations received, etc.) of light bulbs that are used

on the site and in the building being certified. Include light bulbs used for all indoor and outdoor lighting.

2. Replacement cycle for each type of light bulb. 3. Mercury content of each type of light bulb. 4. Life of each type of light bulb 5. Lumen output at 40% of life (design or mean lumens) 6. Calculation of total mercury contained in all mercury containing light bulbs

acquired per month and per year. 7. Calculation of total weight of mercury containing light bulbs acquired per month

and per year (note: include only light bulbs that contain mercury in this calculation).

8. Calculation of total lumen hours that the purchased lamps will deliver, using the lamp life and the lumen output at 40% of lamp life. (Note: include only light bulbs that contain mercury in this calculation).

9. Calculation of weighted average monthly and weighted average annual mercury content of all mercury containing light bulbs acquired in picograms per lumen hour. Calculation of average monthly and average annual mercury, acquired through light bulbs, per gross square foot of building floor space

Each organization applying for certification needs to maintain this supporting documentation and be able to provide it to the USGBC on request. Template for Organizational Mercury in Lighting Policy Statement

Name of Organization: ____________________ Organization Policy on Reduction of Mercury Content of Light Bulbs

Purchased

Objective This organization is committed to reducing the mercury content of the mercury containing light bulbs acquired for use in our building and on our site to less than 90 picograms per lumen hour, on average.


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Implementation Each year, a plan for light bulb purchases for the next year will be prepared by the organizations Maintenance Department. This purchasing plan will be used to set the maximum mercury content, life and lumen output for each type of bulb to be purchased such that the weighted average mercury content will be 10 percent less than the target. If necessary, change some of the lighting fixtures to accommodate lower mercury light bulbs in order to reach this goal. The Purchasing Department will use these mercury content maximums for purchases of each type of light bulb.

Tracking The Purchasing Department will maintain records of all purchases of mercury-containing light bulbs, for use in the building and on the site, and carry out calculations of the average monthly and weighted average annual mercury content of these lamps. If the monthly mercury content and cumulative annual mercury content is not at least 10 percent below the mercury/lumen hour target, the mercury content, life and lumen output of the lamps purchased for the remainder of the year will be reduced. This reduction in lamp purchasing will maintain the weighted annual mercury content/lumen hour at least 10 percent below the target of 90 picograms mercury/lumen hour. Reporting If at any time during the year corrective action is required to stay on track for achieving the mercury content reduction target, inform the Organization’s Director of Facility Management that corrective action was required and the specific corrective action taken. Within 60 days of the end of the reporting year: provide a report on the mercury content of the mercury containing light bulbs purchased in the last year; a comparison of the reduction achievement to the goal; and any planned changes in the mercury content in light bulb reduction program for the current year.

This Policy is Adopted by ____________________ (Name of Organization) on ___________(Date).

Signature of Head of Organization: ______________________________

Name of Head of Organization (printed): ___________________________

Title: ___________________________

Template Filing Statement Name of organization: ________________________________________ Contact: ____________________________________________________ Date: ____________________________


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Statement of Achievement for Materials and Resources Prerequisite 1.3 This is a statement or achievements of _________________________ (name of organization) during the reporting year from: State date of reporting year: _____________________________ End date of reporting year: ______________________________ Achievements: 1. The total mercury contained in all mercury containing light bulbs acquired during the

year is: ________________ grams. 2. The total lumen hours the mercury containing light bulbs acquired during the year

will deliver is: ________________ lumen hours. 3. The average monthly and average annual mercury content of all mercury containing

light bulbs acquired is: _____________________ picograms per lumen hour 4. The average monthly and average annual mercury content of all light bulbs acquired

divided by the gross square feet of building floor space in grams per square foot is: _____________________.

5. Our organizational policy on reducing mercury in light bulbs purchased is attached. Signature Head Facility Manager of Organization:______________________________ . Name Head Facility Manager of Organization (printed):______________________________ Contact Information for Head Facility Manager of Organization:

Telephone: ______________________________ Fax: ______________________________ Email address: ______________________________

Mercury Calculations Example: Basic Formula: Sum of mercury content for all mercury containing light bulbs in grams Divided by Sum for all mercury containing light bulbs of the lamp life in hours multiplied by the design lumen output


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Calculation Example for a Building:

Type of Lamp

Number Acquired in Performance

Period for Building and

Grounds

One Lamp Hg Content (milligrams)

One Lamp Design Light

Output (Lumens)

One Lamp Life

(Hours)

Total Hg Content for All Lamps

of this Type (grams)

Total Lumen Hours that will

be Delivered by All Lamps of this Type

(Hours)

T-8 Four Foot 1000 3.5 2800 24000 3.5 67200000000Compact Fluorescent

30 1.4 1545 10000 0.042 463500000

HID Lamp 40 6.8 6800 12500 0.272 3400000000

Totals 3.814 71063500000Mercury Content (Picograms/Lumen Hour) 53.7

MR-Prerequisite 1.3, Section 10: Other Resources Lighting Efficiency Energy Star®: http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=bulk_purchasing.bus_purchasing MR- Prerequisite 1.3, Section 11: Definitions None available at this time. MR- Prerequisite 1.3, Section 12: Case Study Note: A LEED EB Case Study will be added from the LEED EB Pilot Applications when these become available.


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Materials and Resources Credit 1: Continued Existing Building Use MR-Credit 1: Intent Extend the life cycle of existing building stock, conserve resources, retain cultural resources, reduce waste, and reduce environmental impacts of new buildings as they relate to materials manufacturing and transport. MR-Credit 1, Section 1: Requirement Continue to occupy an exiting building by reusing, on an ongoing basis, 100% of shell and more that 50% of non-shell building components. MR-Credit 1, Section 2a: Submittals for Initial Certification under LEED EB Provide a signed statement that the applicant continues to occupy the building that is being submitted for LEED EB certification. MR-Credit 1, Section 2b: Submittals for Subsequent, Ongoing Re-Certification under LEED EB

• If there has been no change since the previous LEED EB filing provide statement that there has been no change.

• If there have been any changes since the previous LEED EB filing provide updated information.

MR-Credit 1, Section 3: Summary of Referenced Standard Standards Cited: None MR-Credit 1, Section 4: Green building Concerns Many opportunities exist to rehabilitate existing buildings. Commercial companies often rehabilitate old buildings to take advantage of prime location, lower building costs, and desirable building characteristics. MR-Credit 1, Section 5: Environmental Issues Continuing to use an existing building significantly reduces construction waste volumes leaving the project site. Reuse strategies also reduce environmental impacts associated with raw material extraction, manufacture, and transportation of new or recycled materials. Finally, building reuse minimizes habitat disturbance associated with developing on a greenfield site and typically requires less new infrastructure development for utilities and roads. MR-Credit 1, Section 6: Economic Issues The economics of continued use of an existing building on many factors including structural and material integrity, building code compliance, fire and safety compliance, adaptability to the new building program, possible contamination issues, and energy and environmental efficient retrofit considerations. A critical review of all these elements is necessary to determine the costs of continued use of an existing building versus constructing a new building.


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Continued use of an existing building can reduce the first costs of building substantially. For instance, the Southern California Gas Company reused an existing building for its Energy Resource Center and estimated a savings of approximately $3.2 million, based on typical first costs for a 44,000 square foot building. The largest savings were realized in masonry (87% savings), site work (57% savings), concrete (49% savings), and carpentry (70% savings). MR-Credit 1, Section 7: Strategies and Technologies The building envelope has a significant impact on energy performance and operational costs over the lifetime of the building. Evaluate the building’s structural integrity and skin, functional suitability, code-compliance, historic and cultural significance, and adaptability. In addition, consider the environmental attributes of the building, the surrounding site, and the structural shell. Examples of environmental attributes include solar benefits or drawbacks, transportation access, existing air quality levels, and the possibility for upgrading outdated building components such as insulation and glazing. Identify asbestos, lead-based paint, and other contaminants in the building and apply required or appropriate removal or isolation measures. Consider upgrading outdated components with new components that can enhance energy efficiency, water efficiency, and indoor environmental quality. Building systems to consider for upgrade include HVAC systems, plumbing systems, insulation, and windows. Continue to occupy an exiting building. MR-Credit 1, Section 8: Synergies and Trade Offs The location of the existing building determines the neighborhood density, Brownfield status, and transportation options. Site amenities may or may not exist for stormwater control and site lighting. Preserved site surfaces such as roofs and parking lots may contribute to urban heat island effects. The existing plumbing and irrigation systems may not have the flexibility to allow for potable water use reduction, wastewater generation reduction, and stormwater reuse. The energy performance of buildings is highly dependent on the building envelope and HVAC and lighting systems. For instance, an existing building with minimal insulation will tend to exhibit lower energy performance than a new building with state-of-art wall construction. The existing building orientation may preclude the use of passive solar gains or may lack shading devices to prevent unwanted solar gain and glare. The building elements qualifying under this credit are not considered to be salvage materials, recycled content materials or local/regional materials because they are sourced from the building site and not from the materials marketplace. Thus, the building elements qualifying under this credit cannot be applied to other MR credits. Existing buildings may have space constraints and may not be able to provide adequate space for occupant recycling activities and separation of chemical storage areas. Older buildings may contain contaminants such as asbestos and lead-based paint that can affect indoor air quality as well as systems containing HCFCs and halons that are detrimental to the Earth’s atmosphere. Finally, daylighting and occupant control strategies may be difficult to implement in the existing building design.


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MR-Credit 1, Section 9: Calculations, Template Documents and Other Materials Calculations The following calculation methodology is used to support the credit submittals as listed on the first page of this credit. To calculate the percentage of reused building structure, consider structural elements such as footings, slabs on grade, stem walls, columns, beams, exterior wall sections, and diaphragms as well as shell elements such as brick cladding, roofing, and siding (see Equations 1 and 2). Quantify structural elements in terms of cubic feet (CF) and shell elements in terms of square feet (SF). Do not include windows, doors, and similar elements. Apply the environmental benefits of reusing these elements to MR Credit 2: Construction Waste Management. Once the structural and shell reuse percentages have been determined, add these two percentages together and divide by two to obtain the approximate percentage of the total building that is being reused (see Equation 3). To calculate the percentage of reused non-shell building portions, consider all walls, floor coverings, and ceiling systems. Quantify the elements in terms of square feet and divide the reused elements by the existing total square footage of walls, floor covering, and ceiling systems to obtain the percentage of reused non-shell building elements (see Equation 4). Equation 1: Structural Reuse [%] = Reused Elements [CF]/Total Elements [CF] Equation 2: Shell Reuse [%] = Reused Elements [SF]/Total Elements [SF] Equation 3: Building Reuse [%] = (Structural Reuse [%] + Shell Reuse [%])/2 Equation 4: Non-Shell Reuse [%] = Reused Elements [SF]/Total Elements [SF] Tables 1, 2 and 3 summarize an example building reuse project where both structural elements as well as non-shell (i.e., interior) elements were reused. The spreadsheet indicates that 100% of the structure and exterior shell was reused and 56% of the non-shell interior components were reused. This qualifies for three points under this credit.

Table 1: Structural Elements Reuse Example

Structural Element Existing [CF] Reused [CF] Percentage Reused [%] Foundation/Slab on Grade 11,520 11,520 100 Columns 500 500 100 Beams 250 250 100 Basement Wall 500 500 100 Floor Decks 250 250 100 Diaphragms 1,507 1,507 100 Roof Deck 1,507 1,507 100

TOTALS 16,034 16,034 100


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Table 2: Shell Elements Reuse Example

Shell Element Existing [SF] Reused [SF] Percentage Reused [%]Roofing 1,000 1,000 100 North Exterior Wall 8,235 8,235 100 East Exterior Wall 6,950 6,950 100 South Exterior Wall 8,235 8,235 100 West Exterior Wall 6,950 6,950 100

TOTAL 31,370 31,370 100

Table 3: Interior Elements Reuse Example

Interior Element [SF] Existing [SF] Reused [SF] Percentage Reused [%]Ceilings 40,000 40,000 0 Wood Flooring 40,000 40,000 100 Other Flooring 500 500 50 Floor Coverings 500 500 50 Walls 500 500 50 Wall Panels 29,600 29,600 64 Other 29,600 29,600 64

TOTAL 140,700 78,350 56 MR-Credit 1, Section 10: Other Resources Websites Building Deconstruction for Reuse and Recycling www.smartgrowth.org/casestudies/casestudy_index.html Discusses building reuse strategies employed at the Presidio, a National Park Service site in San Francisco, California.

Print Media Adaptive Reuse: Issues and Case Studies in Building Preservation by Richard Austin and David Woodstock, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1987. Sustainable Design and Construction Database by the National Park Service, 1996 (www.nps.gov/dsc/dsgncnstr/susdb)

MR- Credit 1, Section 11: Definitions MR- Credit 1, Section 12: Case Study Note: A LEED EB Case Study will be added from the LEED EB Pilot Applications when these become available.


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Materials and Resources Credit 2: Construction Waste Management MR-Credit 2: Intent Divert construction demolition waste from landfill disposal. Redirect recyclable material back to the manufacturing process. MR-Credit 2, Section 1: Requirements Develop and implement a waste management specification for any future building retrofits, renovations or modifications on the site, that requires qualification of material diversion by weight. Recycle and/or salvage at least 75% (by weight) of any construction, demolition and land clearing waste (if applicable). (1 point) MR-Credit 2, Section 2a: Submittals for Initial Certification under LEED EB

Construction Waste Management • Provide a copy of the waste management policy that specifies inclusion of

waste management specifications for any future building retrofits, renovations or modifications that may occur on the site.

• Provide documentation that the Waste Management Policy has been followed:

For any future building retrofits, renovations or modifications that have occurred in the building over the last year provide calculations on end-of-project waste management rates, salvage rates, and landfill rates demonstrating that percentage of construction wastes were recycled or salvaged meets the requirement. OR

• Provide a written statement that no building retrofits, renovations or modifications were carried out in the building or on the site during the last year.

MR-Credit 2, Section 2b: Submittals for Subsequent, Ongoing Re-Certification under LEED EB

• If there has been no change to these since previous LEED EB filing provide statement that there has been no change.

• If there has been a change to these since previous LEED EB filing provide updated policy.

• Provide documentation that the Waste Management Policy has been followed:

For any future building retrofits, renovations or modifications that have occurred in the building over the last year provide calculations on end-of-project waste management rates, salvage rates, and landfill rates demonstrating that percentage of construction wastes were recycled or salvaged meets the requirement.

OR


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Provide a written statement that no building retrofits, renovations or modifications were carried out in the building or on the site during the last year.

MR-Credit 2, Section 3: Summary of Referenced Standard Standards Cited: None MR-Credit 2, Section 4: Green building Concerns Construction activities generate enormous quantities of solid waste. Commercial construction generates between 2 and 2.5 pounds of solid waste per square foot and the majority of this waste can potentially be recycled. The City of Portland, Oregon has instituted programs to reduce solid waste generation and promote recyclable material markets. In 1993, the city was successful in diverting 47% of all construction and demolition waste from landfills. In one project, 76% of the waste from the construction of a 5,000 square foot restaurant was recycled (61% was recyclable or reusable wood, 11% was cardboard, and 4% was gypsum wallboard). Recycling opportunities are expanding rapidly in many communities. Metal recycling is available and economical in almost all communities while paper, corrugated cardboard, plastics, and clean wood can be recycled in many communities. Some materials, such as gypsum wallboard, have recycling opportunities only in communities where the necessary reprocessing plants exist. The construction and demolition waste stream is estimated in Table 1.

Table 1: CDL Waste Stream Characterizations

Material Percentage (by VolumeWood 27.4%Asphalt, concrete, brick & dirt 23.3%Drywall 13.4%Roofing 12.0%Metal 8.8%Cardboard & paper 2.7%Miscellaneous mixed waste 11.9% MR-Credit 2, Section 5: Environmental Issues Landfills contaminate groundwater and encroach upon valuable green space. Through effective construction waste management, it is possible to extend the lifetime of existing landfills, avoiding the need for expansion or new landfill sites. MR-Credit 2, Section 6: Economic Issues In the past, when landfill capacity was readily available and disposal fees were low,


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recycling or reuse of construction waste was not economically feasible. Construction materials were inexpensive compared to the cost of labor and thus, construction jobsite managers focused on worker productivity rather than materials conservation. In addition, recycling infrastructure and materials marketplaces to process and resell construction wastes did not exist. In recent years, increased materials and disposal costs coupled with more stringent waste disposal regulations and decreasing landfill capacity have changed the waste management equation. Local government agencies and private organizations have partnered with the industry to support construction waste management by publishing guides, directories, and other educational materials, presenting recycling information at seminars and workshops, and operating pilot projects to demonstrate the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of these activities. Waste management plans require time and money to draft and implement but result in substantial savings throughout the construction process. Projects that recycle construction and demolition waste benefit from lower landfill tipping fees and associated hauling charges. As landfill tipping fees continue to escalate, the option to recycle becomes more economically attractive. As a rule of thumb, when landfill tipping fees exceed $50 per ton, recycling becomes cost-effective. Local governments sometimes inflate tipping fees artificially to encourage greater recycling efforts. Recyclable materials have differing market values depending on reprocessing costs and the availability of virgin materials on the market. In general, materials such as metals and vinyl have high market value while materials such as scrap wood and gypsum wallboard have low market value. Many recyclable materials such as cardboard and plastic have market values that fluctuate from month to month. MR-Credit 2, Section 7: Strategies and Technologies Develop and adopt a waste management plan to be added as a general requirement for all construction to occur on the site. Identify licensed haulers and processors of recyclables. Identify markets for salvaged materials. Employ deconstruction, salvage and recycling strategies and processes. Documents the cost for recycling, salvaging and reusing materials. Source reduction on the job site should be an integral part of the plan. Investigate salvaging/recycling lighting fixture pans when retrofitting. The plan should address recycling of corrugated cardboard, metals, concrete brick, asphalt, land clearing debris (if applicable), beverage containers, clean dimensional wood, plastic, glass, gypsum board and carpet, and evaluates the cost-effectiveness of recycling rigid insulation, engineered wood products and other materials. Minimize factors that contribute to waste such as over-packaging, improper storage, ordering errors, poor planning, breakage, mishandling, and contamination of construction materials. For waste volumes generated, identify and institute reuse, salvage, and recycle opportunities whenever economics and logistics allow. Table 2 is a list of possible materials that can be diverted from the landfill. Develop and institute a waste management plan that identifies proposed deconstruction and salvage opportunities, recommended recycling activities, licensed haulers and


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processors of recyclables, and potential markets for salvaged materials. The plan should include estimated costs associated with recycling, salvaging, and reusing materials and should also address source reduction of material use. On the construction site, designate an area specifically for construction and demolition waste recycling. Train site workers on the proper recycling protocol and label recyclable containers effectively. Institute monthly reporting and feedback on the waste management plan to assess progress and address any problems. Post this information for all construction personnel to read. MR-Credit 2, Section 8: Synergies and Trade Offs Project sites in urban areas may have little or no space available for waste separation activities. Recycling areas should be chosen wisely to avoid contaminating stormwater runoff volumes and to protect stockpiled recyclable materials from the elements. MR-Credit 2, Section 9: Calculations, Template Documents and Other Materials Calculations The following calculation methodology is used to support the credit submittals as listed on the first page of this credit. Use a spreadsheet to track the weights of construction wastes that are landfilled and the weight of construction wastes that are recycled. To calculate the recycling percentage, use Equation 1. Equation 1: Recycling Rate [%] = Recycled Waste [tons]/Recycled Waste + Garbage [tons] Tables 2 and 3 demonstrate construction waste calculations for an example project. The project recycled concrete, steel, wood, cardboard, gypsum wallboard, masonry and land clearing debris. An estimated 245.5 tons of waste were recycled while 43.7 tons were sent to the landfill. This results in a recycling rate of 85%. This qualifies for two points under this credit.

Table 2: Example of Recycled Weights

Recycled and Salvaged Materials Weight [tons]Concrete 138.0Land Clearing Debris 56.2Wood 19.6Gypsum Wallboard 9.5Masonry 9.4Cardboard 7.2Steel 3.1Furniture 2.5


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TOTAL 245.5

Table 3: Example of Garbage Weights

Garbage Weight [tons]Miscellaneous Garbage 43.7

TOTAL 43.7 Typically, waste containers are sized by volume and these volumes are weighed at the materials recovery facility or landfill. To assist in calculations, Table 4 provides estimates to convert waste materials from volume to weight.

Table 4: Solid Waste Conversion Factors

Material Density [lbs/CY]Mixed Waste 350Wood 300Cardboard 100Gypsum Wallboard 500Rubble 1,400

Example Company Policy on Construction Waste Management For any construction in the project building, or on the site of this building, (including retrofits, renovations or modifications) the construction plans and the contracting documents will include a requirement that all construction waste including construction waste, demolition waste and land clearing waste (if applicable) be qualified by type of material by weight. Additionally, at leaset 75 percent (by weight) will be recycled and/or salvaged. Signed by: Head of Organization, Date:

MR-Credit 2, Section 10: Other Resources Websites Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling Information www.ciwmb.ca.gov/ConDemo A program by the California Integrated Waste Management Board including case studies, fact sheets, and links. Construction Waste www.greenbuilder.com/sourcebook/ConstructionWaste.html


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A guide to construction waste management from the Sustainable Building Sourcebook. Construction Waste Management Handbook www.smartgrowth.org/library/constwastemgmt_hndbk.html A report from the Smart Growth Network website on residential construction waste management issues. Contractors’ Guide to Preventing Waste and Recycling www.resourceventure.org/publications.htm A guidebook on waste prevention in construction from the Business and Industry Resource Venture. Recycling and Waste Management During Construction www.metrokc.gov/procure/green/wastemgt.htm Information from City of Seattle and Portland Metro projects on construction waste management.

Print Media Waste Spec: Model Specifications for Construction Waste Reduction, Reuse and Recycling by Triangle J Council of Governments, 1996.

MR- Credit 2, Section 11: Definitions

Definitions Tipping Fees are fees charged by a landfill for disposal of waste volumes. The fee is typically quoted for one ton of waste. Reduction is a strategy to minimize material use or to use materials more efficiently. Reuse is a strategy to return materials to active use in the same or a related capacity. Recycling is the collection, reprocessing, marketing and use of materials that were diverted or recovered from the solid waste stream. MR- Credit 2, Section 12: Case Study Note: A LEED EB Case Study will be added from the LEED EB Pilot Applications when these become available.


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Materials and Resources Credit 3: Resource Reuse MR-Credit 3: Intent Extend the useful life of targeted building materials, reducing environmental impacts related to materials manufacturing and transport. MR-Credit 3, Section 1: Requirements Specify salvaged or refurbished materials for 10% of any building materials used in the building or on the site. (1 point) MR-Credit 3, Section 2a: Submittals for Initial Certification under LEED EB

Resource Reuse • Provide a copy of the resource reuse policy that specifies inclusion of

resource reuse specifications for any construction materials used in the building on the site.

• Provide documentation that the resource reuse policy has been followed: For any construction projects that have occurred in the building

over the last year provide calculations showing that the salvaged or refurbished materials requirement was met.

OR Provide a written statement that no construction materials used in

the building or on the site during the last year. MR-Credit 3, Section 2b: Submittals for Subsequent, Ongoing Re-Certification under LEED EB



• Provide documentation that the resource reuse policy has been followed: For any construction projects that have occurred in the building

over the last year provide calculations showing that the salvaged or refurbished materials requirement was met.


the building or on the site during the last year. MR-Credit 3, Section 3: Summary of Referenced Standard Standards Cited: None Cited MR-Credit 3, Section 4: Green building Concerns Salvage and reuse activities in new building projects are performed to extend the life of materials and reduce overall first costs of construction materials. Use of salvaged materials can also add character to the building and can be used effectively as architectural details. Some areas of the United States, such as New England, the Pacific


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Northwest, and California have well-developed markets for salvaged materials while other regions are just beginning to develop these markets. MR-Credit 3, Section 5: Environmental Issues Reuse strategies divert material from the construction waste stream, reducing the need for landfill space and the associated water and air contamination issues. Use of salvaged materials eliminates environmental impacts of producing new construction and product materials. These impacts are significant since buildings account for a large portion of our use of natural resources, including 40% of raw stone, gravel, and sand, and 25% of virgin wood. MR-Credit 3, Section 6: Economic Issues Some salvaged materials are more costly than new materials due to the high cost of labor involved in recovering and refurbishing processes. However, salvaged materials are often of higher quality and more durable than available new materials. Local demolition companies may be willing to sell materials recovered from existing buildings to avoid landfill tipping fees. In some areas, municipalities and waste management companies have established salvaged building material sales facilities at landfill sites. Sometimes salvaged materials are offered at prices that appear to be cost-effective but may include hidden costs such as the need for reprocessing, exorbitant transportation costs or liabilities associated with toxic contamination. Conversely, certain salvaged materials may be impossible to duplicate (such as turn-of-the century lumber and casework) and may well be worth the higher cost compared to new but inferior materials. MR-Credit 3, Section 7: Strategies and Technologies Specify salvaged or refurbished materials. Develop a reuse strategy early in the schematic design phase to incorporate salvaged and refurbished building materials and set salvaged materials goals. For instance, state that a minimum of 50% of all floor surfaces will be salvaged. Identify local sources for salvaged or refurbished building materials and products. It may be helpful to create and maintain a current list of the salvage material suppliers to use on other projects. Commonly salvaged or refurbished building materials and products include structural elements such as beams and posts, wood flooring, wood paneling, doors and frames, cabinetry and furniture, brick and other masonry products, and decorative items such as mantels, ironwork, and antique light fixtures. Research all salvaged and refurbished materials for durability, performance, code-compliance, and environmental considerations. Do not consider items that generally should not be salvaged and reused, such as toilets (older models consume more water) and windows (older styles are less energy efficient). When considering salvaged structural materials such as heavy timbers, it is imperative to check for structural integrity, code-compliance, and engineered rating and comply with


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Uniform Building Code (UBC) for structural requirements. Also investigate salvaged materials for possible contamination by lead paint, asbestos, pesticides, rot, and toxic wood preservatives such as creosote, pentochlorophenol, and arsenic. MR-Credit 3, Section 8: Synergies and Trade Offs The availability of salvaged materials will depend on the location of the project site. Building projects in urban areas often have many opportunities to use salvaged materials and these materials can be applied to MR Credit 5 if the materials comply with the requirements of the credit. Salvaged materials that are sourced within 500 miles of project site qualify for the manufacturing point of the credit as well as the harvesting point. Reuse of existing buildings may facilitate incorporation of salvaged materials. Salvaged materials cannot be applied to MR Credits 1, 2, 4, 6, and 7. MR-Credit 3, Section 9: Calculations, Template Documents and Other Materials Calculations The following calculation methodology is used to support the credit submittals as listed on the first page of this credit. To calculate the percentage of salvaged materials used on a project, it is helpful to create a spreadsheet listing all materials used on the project and their associated costs. This spreadsheet can also be used in MR Credits 4, 5, 6, and 7. Identify those building materials that are salvaged and use Equation 1 to determine the salvage percentage for the project. Equation 1: Salvage Rate [%] = Salvaged Materials Cost [$]/Total Materials Cost [$] A sample calculation for salvaged building materials in presented in Table 1. Salvaged materials in this example include brick and reclaimed wood. The material costs of these items are totaled and divided by the total material cost for the project. The resulting percentage of 5.6% qualifies for one point under this credit. The salvaged or refurbished status of each material must be validated by a written statement from the provider of that material, with an attestation clause that this statement is an accurate representation of the materials for the purposes of qualifying with this credit. If major mechanical and electrical components are part of the salvaged materials contributing to credit compliance, then add mechanical and electrical material costs in the calculation. If the cost of the salvaged or refurbished material is below market value, use replacement cost to estimate the material value. In other words, if reclaimed plywood is used in the project at a cost of $15 per sheet and new plywood costs $25 per sheet, use the new cost in salvage and reuse calculations.

Example Company Policy on Use of Salvaged and Refurbished Materials For any construction in the project building or on the site of this building, salvaged or refurbished materials will be specified for at least 10% of the building materials used. Signed by: Head of Organization, on: Date:


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MR-Credit 3, Section 10: Other Resources Websites The Recycler’s Exchange www.recycle.net/exchange A free marketplace for buying and selling recyclables and salvaged materials. California Materials Exchange www.ciwmb.ca.gov/CalMAX A program of the California Integrated Waste Management Board, this exchange allows users to exchange waste items online. Materials Exchanges on the Web www.metrokc.gov/hazwaste/imex/exchanges.html A listing of materials exchanges on the Web. Salvaged Building Materials Exchange www.greenguide.com/exchange/search.html A searchable database of salvaged building materials.

Table 1: Resource Reuse Materials Example Calculation

Description of Material

Total Construction

Cost [$]

Labor (Subtract

from Total) [$]

Equipment (Subtract

from Total) [$]

Material Cost (Less Labor

& Equipment) [$]

Resource Reuse [$]

Earthwork $220,000 $70,000 $100,000 $50,000 Reclaimed Concrete

$22,500 $22,500

Planting $49,566 $9,000 $5,500 $35,066 Compost $25,000 $25,000 Rebar $86,000 $86,000 Cast-in-Place Concrete

$490,700 $265,000 $30,000 $195,000

Masonry/Concrete Protection

$10,000 $7,000 $3,000

Brick (salvaged)

$68,400 $32,200 $2,500 $33,700 $33,700

Brick (new) $59,500 $28,500 $2,500 $28,500 Metal Stairs & Ladders

$10,000 $10,000

Miscellaneou $225,000 $36,000 $10,000 $179,000


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s Metals Reclaimed Woods

$130,000 $130,000 $130,000

Certified Wood

$225,000 $225,000

Rough Carpentry

$1,120,347 $750,000 $30,000 $340,347

Miscellaneous Carpentry

$77,380 $51,000 $5,000 $21,380

Parallam Material

$575,000 $126,000 $40,000 $409,000

Wood Joist Material

$55,000 $55,000

Wheatboard Materials

$93,090 $93,090

Millwork $400,490 $210,000 $5,000 $185,590 Waterproofing

$15,000 $8,000 $1,000 $6,000

Structural Insulated Panels

$80,500 $80,500

Metal Siding $90,500 $42,500 $10,000 $38,000 Metal Roofing

$123,548 $73,548 $15,000 $35,000

Caulking $7,500 $6,500 $1,000 Windows/Exterior Doors

$237,700 $237,700

Doors/Frames/Hardware

$64,870 $64,870

Glass and Glazing

$22,750 $2,000 $20,750

Gypsum Wallboard

$210,000 $105,000 $15,000 $90,000

Ceramic Tile $25,396 $14,000 $11,396 Acoustical $41,226 $26,226 $4,000 $11,000 Carpet $15,000 $15,000 Carpet Pad $3,000 $3,000 Linoleum $24,500 $6,000 $18,500


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Bamboo Flooring

$110,345 $40,000 $70,345

Painting $85,000 $65,345 $19,655 Visual Display Board

$2,175 $2,175

Tackboards $22,500 $22,500 Toilet Compartments

$4,130 $2,730 $1,400

Signage $12,345 $10,845 $1,500 Toilet Accessories

$2,280 $2,280

TOTAL $5,143,338 $1,988,094 $275,500 $2,879,744 $163,700 Print Media The Environmental Resource Guide by the AIA Committee on the Environment, John Wiley & Sons, 1996. Guide to Resource-Efficient Building Elements, Center for Resourceful Building Technology, P O Box 100, Missoula, MT 59806, (406) 549-7678.

MR- Credit 3, Section 11: Definitions Chain-of-Custody is a tracking procedure to document the status of a product from the point of harvest or extraction to the ultimate consumer end use. The Uniform Building Code is a model building code that provides complete regulations covering all major aspects of building design and construction relating to fire and life safety and structural safety. It is published by the International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO) and is used widely throughout the United States.

Salvaged Materials are construction materials recovered from existing buildings and reprocessed for reuse in other buildings. Common salvaged materials include structural beams and posts, flooring, doors, cabinetry, brick, and decorative items. MR- Credit 3, Section 12: Case Study Note: A LEED EB Case Study will be added from the LEED EB Pilot Applications when these become available.


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Materials and Resources Credit 4: Recycled Content MR-Credit 4: Intent Increase demand for building products that have incorporated recycled content material, reducing the impacts resulting from extraction of raw materials. MR-Credit 4, Section 1: Requirements Specify that 50% of any building materials used in the building or on the site: Contain at least an 20% post-consumer recycled materials on a weighted average basis; or contain at least an 40% post-industrial recycled materials on a weighted average basis. (1 point) MR-Credit 4, Section 2a: Submittals for Initial Certification under LEED EB

Recycled Content • Provide a copy of the recycled content plan that specifies inclusion of

recycled content specifications for the any construction projects that may occur in the building or on the site.

• Provide documentation that the recycled content plan policy has been followed:

For any construction materials used in the building over the last year provide calculations showing that the recycled material content requirement was met.





• Provide documentation that the recycled content plan policy has been followed:

For any construction materials used in the building over the last year provide calculations showing that the recycled material content requirement was met.

OR • Provide a written statement that no construction materials used in

the building or on the site during the last year. MR-Credit 4, Section 3: Summary of Referenced Standard Standards Cited: None Cited


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MR-Credit 4, Section 4: Green building Concerns Recycled content building products contain feedstock materials recovered from consumers or industrial waste streams. These products are beneficial to the environment because they reduce virgin material use and solid waste volumes. The number of building products containing recycled content feedstocks continues to grow every year as recycling efforts increase and the marketplace for recycled materials develops. Many commonly used products are now available with recycled content. These products include metals such as steel and aluminum, concrete, masonry, acoustic tile, paint, carpet, ceramic tile, and insulation. Most recycled content products exhibit performance similar to products containing virgin materials and can be incorporated into building projects with ease. MR-Credit 4, Section 5: Environmental Issues By selecting materials with recycled content, environmental impacts associated with extracting, harvesting, and manufacturing virgin materials are reduced. The solid waste stream is also reduced by diverting recyclable materials that would otherwise be deposited in a landfill. Recycled-content products are defined as post-consumer if the feedstocks are collected after use by the consumer, such as curbside recycling of aluminum, glass, and newspaper. Post-industrial recycled content products are those that contain waste from industrial processes. The act of recycling a material is not as environmentally beneficial as material reuse because of the environmental impacts from the collection of materials for recycling, transporting materials to recycling facilities, and processing the materials for use as a feedstock for other products. Therefore, reuse of building materials is preferred over recycling when possible. MR-Credit 4, Section 6: Economic Issues A minority of recycled content products costs more than equivalent virgin products due to the costs of research and design, innovative manufacturing equipment and new plants to produce the products, as well as the actual costs of the recycling process. As demand for recycled products in the building market continues to grow, the costs for these items will become competitive with standard products. Some newer recycled products may be less widely available than conventional products and they may require additional lead time for ordering. MR-Credit 4, Section 7: Strategies and Technologies Specify Recycled Content materials. Consider the incorporation of recycled content building materials in the early stages of project design and identify recycled content materials goals. For instance, require the building design to incorporate a minimum of 50% recycled content materials by dollar value. Identify the types of materials for which recycled alternatives exist and then identify specific recycled content building materials and products. Recycled content materials are building materials that include components that have recycled content and are processed off-site. Materials including crushed brick, asphalt and concrete that are reused on site after on-site processing such as crushing are not considered to be recycled content materials because they do not support the recycled


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content marketplace. Instead, these materials should be applied to MR Credit 1. Ensure that recycled content materials perform equally or better than virgin materials in terms of strength, maintenance, and lifetime. Maintain lists of manufacturers and suppliers of recycled content materials and support regionally produced recycled content products when possible to reduce the added costs of transportation. Incorporate products into the building design that not only have recycled content but are also recyclable. Remember to research all recycled content materials for durability, performance, and environmental considerations. For instance, if the recycled content product is not as durable, the benefits to the environment may be compromised. Also check recycled content materials for problematic air emissions, especially with synthetic products such as plastic, rubber, and polyester. During construction, ensure that the actual materials installed are those that were specified in the construction documents. Document the percentage of post-consumer recycled content and post-industrial recycled content for recycled content calculations. Post-consumer recycled content is rewarded a higher recycled content value than post-industrial recycled content because post-consumer materials are more likely to be diverted from landfills. MR-Credit 4, Section 8: Synergies and Trade Offs Recycled content products should be evaluated in terms of their potential impacts on IAQ. In some cases, chemical binders used in recycled content products or processes contain off-gassing ingredients that can have a negative impact on IAQ. These off-gassing building products could affect construction workers as well as building occupants over the lifetime of the building. It is often possible to specify recycled content building products that are also manufactured and recovered locally. If this is the case, recycled content materials can also be applied to MR Credit 5. Recycled content materials cannot be included in calculations for MR Credits 1, 2, 6, and 7. MR-Credit 4, Section 9: Calculations, Template Documents and Other Materials The following calculation methodology is used to support the credit submittals as listed on the first page of this credit. To calculate the percentage of recycled content materials used on a project, it is helpful to create a spreadsheet listing all materials used on the project and their associated costs. The spreadsheet can also be used for MR Credits 3, 5, 6, and 7. Identify those products that contain recycled content materials and differentiate between post-consumer recycled content and post-industrial recycled content. Most building products will only have one type of recycled content but a few products contain both post-consumer and post-industrial recycled content. Determine the recycled content value with Equation 1. Equation 1: Recycled Content Value [$] = Recycled Content Value [$] x [% Post-Consumer/20% + %Post-Industrial/40%] Once all of the recycled content values have been determined, sum all recycled content values (both post-consumer and post-industrial) to obtain a total recycled dollar value.


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Divide this value by the total materials cost to obtain the recycled content percentage using Equation 2. Equation 2: Recycled Content Rate [%] = Recycled Content Value [$]/Total Materials Cost [$] The example spreadsheet in Table 1 presents recycled content materials calculations for a sample project. Material costs exclude labor and equipment costs. For each recycled content product, the percentage of post-consumer or post-industrial content is noted. Then the recycled content dollars are calculated using the formula above. In the example, rebar costs $86,000 and contains 65% post-consumer recycled content. This is equal to a recycled content dollar value of $279,500 ($86,000 * 65%/20%). Conversely, new bricks cost $28,500 and contain 15% post-industrial content. This is equal to a recycled content dollar value of $10,688 ($28,500 * 15%/40%).


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Table 1: Recycled Content Materials Example Calculations

Recycled Content Description of Material

Total Construction Cost [$]

Labor (Subtract

from Total) [$]

Equipment (Subtract

from Total) [$]

Material Cost (Less Labor &

Equipment [$]

Post-Consume

r [%]

Post-Industr

i-al [%]

Value [$]

Earthwork $220,000 $70,000 $100,000 $50,000 $0 Reclaimed Concrete

$22,500 $22,500 100% $112,500

Planting $49,566 $9,000 $5,500 $35,066 $0 Compost $25,000 $25,000 100% $125,0

00 Rebar $86,000 $86,000 65% $279,0

00 Cast-in-Place Concrete

$490,700 $265,700 $30,000 $195,000 $0


$10,000 $7,000 $3,000 $0

Brick (salvaged)

$68,400 $32,200 $2,500 $33,700 $0

Brick (new)

$59,500 $28,500 $2,500 $28,500 15% $10,688

Metal Stairs & Ladders

$10,000 $10,000 $0

Miscellaneous Metals

$225,000 $36,000 $10,000 $179,000 60% $537,000

Reclaimed Woods

$130,000 $130,000 $0

Certified Wood

$225,000 $225,000 $0

Rough Carpentry

$1,120,347 $750,000 $30,000 $340,347 $0


$77,380 $51,000 $5,000 $21,380 $0


40

Parallam Material

$575,000 $126,000 $40,000 $409,000 $0

Wood Joist Material

$55,000 $55,000 $0


$93,090 $93,090 25% $58,181

Millwork $400,490 $210,000 $5,000 $185,590 $0 Waterproofing

$15,000 $8,000 $1,000 $6,000 $0


$80,500 $80,500 $0

Metal Siding

$90,500 $42,500 $10,000 $38,000 25% $47,500

Metal Roofing

$123,548 $73,548 $15,000 $35,000 85% $148,750

Caulking $7,500 $6,500 $1,000 $0 Windows/Exterior Doors

$237,700 $237,700 $0


$64,870 $64,870 $0

Glass and Glazing

$22,750 $2,000 $20,750 $0

Gypsum Wallboard

$210,000 $105,000 $15,000 $90,000 $0

Ceramic Tile

$25,396 $14,000 $11,396 95% $54,131

Acoustical $41,226 $26,226 $4,000 $11,000 90% $49,500

Carpet $15,000 $15,000 40% $30,000

Carpet Pad $3,000 $3,000 100% $7,500 Linoleum $24,500 $6,000 $18,500 $0 Bamboo Flooring

$110,345 $40,000 $70,345 $0

Painting $85,000 $65,345 $19,655 90% $88,448


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Visual Display Board

$2,175 $2,175 $0

Tackboards $22,500 $22,500 45% $25,313

Toilet Compartments

$4,130 $2,730 $1,400 100% $7,000

Signage $12,345 $10,845 $1,500 100% $3,750 Toilet Accessories

$2,280 $2,280 $0

TOTAL $5,143,338 $1,988,094

$275,500 $2,879,744 $1,584,760

Once all of the recycled content dollar values have been determined, all of these values (both post-consumer and post-industrial) are summed to obtain a total recycled dollar value. This value is divided by the total materials cost to determine the recycled content percentage. For this example, the recycled content percentage is 55%. This recycled-content effort earns two points under this credit. Submitted cut sheets should clearly indicate whether the material contains post-consumer or post-industrial recycled materials or both. If cut sheets are not available for a product, obtain a written affidavit from the product manufacturer stating the recycled content percentage and if the recycled content is post-consumer or post-industrial. If there is no information for steel products, assume that recycled content is 25% post-consumer. Salvaged and refurbished materials are not considered to contain recycled content and these materials should be applied to MR Credit 3: Resource Reuse.

Example Company Policy on Recycled Content of Construction Materials For any construction in the project building, or on the site of this building, the construction plans and the construction specifications will require that 50% of any building materials used in the building or on the site will contain at least an 20% post-consumer recycled materials on a weighted average basis; or contain at least an 40% post-industrial recycled materials on a weighted average basis. Signed by: Head of Organization, on: Date:

MR-Credit 4, Section 10: Other Resources Websites EnCompass www.dnr.metrokc.gov/market/map/index.htm Contains information on recycled-content products for the building industry, created and maintained by the King County Commission for Marketing Recyclable Materials.


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Recycled Content Product Database www.ciwmb.ca.gov/rcp A searchable database for recycled content products, developed by the California Integrated Waste Management Board.

Print Media EPA Comprehensive Guideline for Procurement of Products Containing Recovered Materials; Recovered Materials Advisory Notice III; Final Rule (January 19, 2000) 40 CFR Part 247. Revising the 1995 Comprehensive Procurement Guideline, the EPA expanded their guidelines to include new items that are, or can be manufactured with recovered materials. The specific definitions and criteria for EPA acceptance are listed and building industry items listed in the guidelines include carpet cushion, flowable fill, railroad grade crossing surfaces, park benches and picnic tables, playground equipment, food waste compost, plastic lumber landscaping timbers and posts, sorbents, mats, signage and manual grade strapping. www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/procure/pdf/cpg-fr.pdf www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/procure/pdf/rman-fr.pdf



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Materials and Resources Credit 5: Local/Regional Materials MR-Credit 4: Intent Increase demand for building products that are manufactured locally, reducing the environmental impacts resulting from transportation, and supporting the local economy. MR-Credit 5, Section 1: Requirements

Develop and implement a local/regional materials specification for construction materials used in the building or on the site. Specify a minimum of 50% of building materials that are manufactured regionally within a radius of 500 miles. (1 point)

MR-Credit 5, Section 2a: Submittals for Initial Certification under LEED EB

Local/Regional Materials • Provide a copy of the Local/Regional Materials Policy that specifies

inclusion of Local/Region Material specification provisions for any construction materials used in the building or on the site.

• Provide documentation that the Local/Regional Materials Policy has been followed:

For any construction materials used in the building over the last year:

• Provide specifications and contractor submittals highlighting local/regional materials installed.

• Provide a spreadsheet of all materials used in the building or on the site highlighting locally manufactured materials, including the location of the material manufacturer the distance from the manufacturer to the project site, the cost of all materials, and calculations demonstrating the percentage of building materials are manufactured within 500 miles of the project.

OR • Provide a written statement that no construction materials used in the

building or on the site during the last year. MR-Credit 5, Section 2b: Submittals for Subsequent, Ongoing Re-Certification under LEED EB



• Provide documentation that the Local/Regional Materials Policy has been followed:

For any construction materials used in the building over the last year:

• Provide specifications and contractor submittals highlighting local/regional materials installed.


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• Provide a spreadsheet of all materials used in the building or on the site highlighting locally manufactured materials, including the location of the material manufacturer the distance from the manufacturer to the project site, the cost of all materials, and calculations demonstrating the percentage of building materials are manufactured within 500 miles of the project.

OR • Provide a written statement that no construction materials used in the

building or on the site during the last year. MR-Credit 5, Section 3: Summary of Referenced Standard Standards Cited: None Cited MR-Credit 5, Section 4: Green building Concerns By purchasing regionally manufactured building materials, the local economy is supported, transportation costs and environmental impacts are reduced, and dollars are retained in the community to support the regional economy. The availability of regionally manufactured building materials is dependent on the project location. In some areas, the majority of products needed for the project can be obtained within a 500-mile radius. In other areas, only a small portion or none of the building materials can be sourced locally. It is also important to address the source of raw materials used to manufacture building products. Raw materials for some building products are harvested or extracted far from the point of manufacture, creating air and water pollution due to transportation between point of extraction and point of manufacture. MR-Credit 5, Section 5: Environmental Issues The use of regional building materials reduces transportation activities and the accompanying pollution required to deliver the materials to the job site. Trucks, trains, ships, and other vehicles deplete finite reserves of fossil fuels and generate air pollution. By selecting building materials that are produced from regional materials, transportation impacts are further reduced. MR-Credit 5, Section 6: Economic Issues Regional building materials are more cost effective for projects due to reduced transportation costs. Also, the support of regional manufacturers and labor forces retains capital for community members and creates a more stable tax base and a healthier local economy. MR-Credit 5, Section 7: Strategies and Technologies When conducting renovations/upgrade to a facility, specify and install regionally extracted, harvested, and manufactured building materials. Contact the state and local waste management boards for information about regional building materials. Consider the incorporation of regional building materials early in the schematic design stage. Research regionally sourced and manufactured building materials for durability,


45

performance, and other environmental considerations. Create and maintain a current listing of local manufacturers for future reference. Once the research of building materials is completed, specify appropriate regionally sourced and manufactured building materials in the construction documents. MR-Credit 5, Section 8: Synergies and Trade Offs The location of the project site has a large effect on the availability of locally sourced materials. Remote sites often require construction materials to be transported from great distances. In areas that have local manufacturing facilities, it is advantageous to consider materials that are salvaged, that contain recycled content, that are rapidly renewable, and for wood products, those that are FSC-certified. Local/regional material dollar values can be applied to MR Credits 3, 4, 6, and 7 for those materials that meet the requirements of those credits. When choosing local and regional materials, it is also important to address VOC content as this can affect IAQ. MR-Credit 5, Section 9: Calculations, Template Documents and Other Materials The following calculation methodology is used to support the credit submittals as listed on the first page of this credit. To calculate the percentage of local/regional materials used on a project, it is helpful to create a spreadsheet listing all materials used on the project and their associated costs. This spreadsheet can also be used for MR Credits 3, 4, 6, and 7. Identify those products that were manufactured within 500 miles of the project site. Sum all local/regional manufacturing material costs and divide this value by the total materials cost to obtain the local/regional manufacturing percentage (See Equation 1). Equation 1: Local/Regional Manufacturing Rate [%] = Local Regional Manufacturing Cost [$]/Total Materials Cost [$] Next, identify those local/regional manufactured products that were extracted, harvested, or recovered within 500 miles of the project site. Sum all local/regional extraction costs and divide this value by the local/regional manufacturing cost to obtain the local/regional extraction percentage (See Equation 2). Equation 2: Local Regional Extraction Rate [%] = Local/Regional Extraction Cost [$]/Local Regional Manufacturing Cost [$] The example spreadsheet in Table 1 presents local/regional materials calculations for a sample project. Material costs exclude labor and equipment costs. Two columns are presented for local/regional materials. The first column includes those materials that are manufactured within 500 miles of the project site. The second column includes those materials in the first column that are also extracted, harvested, or recovered within 500 miles of the project site. For instance, compost is both manufactured and recovered within 500 miles of the example project and the material cost for compost is included in both columns. Conversely, structural insulated panels are manufactured within 500 miles of the project site but the raw materials of the


46

structural insulated panels originate from locations greater than 500 miles from the project. Therefore, the material cost for structural insulated panels is only included in the first column and not in the second column. Once all local/regional materials have been entered, each column is summed to obtain total dollar values. The total locally manufactured material cost is then divided by the total material cost to obtain a local/regional manufacturing percentage of 46%. The total local/regional extraction value is divided into the total locally manufactured material dollar value to obtain the local/regional extraction percentage of 55%. This example qualifies for two points under this credit. The location of materials manufacture and extraction, harvesting, or recovery must be verified by a product cut sheet or letter from the manufacturer.

Example Company Policy on Use of Regionally Manufactured Construction Materials For any construction in the project building, or on the site of this building, the construction specifications will require that a minimum of 50% of building materials that are manufactured regionally within a radius of 500 miles. Signed by: Head of Organization, on: Date:

Table 1: Local/Regional Materials Example Calculations

Local Materials Description of Material


Labor (Subtract

from Total) [$]

Equipment (Subtract

from Total) [$]


Equipment [$]

Credit 5.1 Manufacture

d [$]

Credit 5.2 Harvested [$]

Earthwork $220,000 $70,000 $100,000 $50,000 $50,000 $50,000 Reclaimed Concrete

$22,500 $22,500 $22,500 $22,500

Planting $49,566 $9,000 $5,500 $35,066 $35,066 $35,066 Compost $25,000 $25,000 $25,000 $25,000 Rebar $86,000 $86,000 $86,000 $0 Cast-in-Place Concrete

$490,700 $265,700 $30,000 $195,000 $195,000 $195,000


$10,000 $7,000 $3,000

Brick (salvaged)

$68,400 $32,200 $2,500 $33,700 $49,600 $49,600

Brick (new)

$59,500 $28,500 $2,500 $28,500 $28,500


47


$10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000


$225,000 $36,000 $10,000 $179,000 $179,000 $179,000

Reclaimed Woods

$130,000 $130,000 $130,000 $130,000

Certified Wood

$225,000 $225,000

Rough Carpentry

$1,120,347 $750,000 $30,000 $340,347


$77,380 $51,000 $5,000 $21,380

Parallam Material

$575,000 $126,000 $40,000 $409,000

Wood Joist Material

$55,000 $55,000


$93,090 $93,090

Millwork $400,490 $210,000 $5,000 $185,590 $185,590 $0 Waterproofing

$15,000 $8,000 $1,000 $6,000


$80,500 $80,500 $80,500 $0

Metal Siding

$90,500 $42,500 $10,000 $38,000 $38,000 $0

Metal Roofing

$123,548 $73,548 $15,000 $35,000 $35,000 $0


$237,700 $237,700


$64,870 $64,870

Glass and Glazing

$22,750 $2,000 $20,750 $20,750 $0


48

Gypsum Wallboard

$210,000 $105,000 $15,000 $90,000 $90,000 $0

Ceramic Tile

$25,396 $14,000 $11,396

Acoustical $41,226 $26,226 $4,000 $11,000 Carpet $15,000 $15,000 Carpet Pad $3,000 $3,000 Linoleum $24,500 $6,000 $18,500 Bamboo Flooring

$110,345 $40,000 $70,345

Painting $85,000 $65,345 $19,655 $45,000 $20,000 Visual Display Board

$2,175 $2,175 $2,175 $2,175


$4,130 $2,730 $1,400 $1,400

Signage $12,345 $10,845 $1,500 $1,400 $1,400 Toilet Accessories

$2,280 $2,280 $2,280 $2,280

TOTAL $5,143,338 $1,988,094

$275,500 $2,879,744 $1,312,761 $722,021


49

MR-Credit 5, Section 10: Other Resources Websites Check with your local Chamber of Commerce for regional materials manufacturers in your area.

Print Media The Environmental Resource Guide by the AIA Committee on the Environment, John Wiley & Sons, 1996.



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Materials and Resources Credit 6: Rapidly Renewable Materials MR-Credit 6: Intent Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw and long cycle renewable materials by replacing them with rapidly renewable materials. MR-Credit 6, Section 1: Requirements Specify that 5% of any building materials used in the building or on the site will be rapidly renewable materials. (1 point) MR-Credit 6, Section 2a: Submittals for Initial Certification under LEED EB

Rapidly Renewable Materials • Provide a copy of the rapidly renewable materials policy that specifies

inclusion of rapidly renewable materials specifications for any construction materials used in the building or on the site.

• Provide documentation that the rapidly renewable materials policy has been followed:

For any construction materials used in the building or on the site over the last year provide calculations showing that the rapidly renewable materials content requirement was met. OR

Provide a written statement that no construction materials used in the building or on the site during the last year.

MR-Credit 6, Section 2b: Submittals for Subsequent, Ongoing Re-Certification

under LEED EB • If policy on this has not changed, provide a statement that it has not

changed. • If policy on this has changed, provide the new policy. • Provide documentation that the rapidly renewable materials policy has

been followed: For any construction materials used in the building or on the site

over the last year provide calculations showing that the rapidly renewable materials content requirement was met. OR

Provide a written statement that no construction materials used in the building or on the site during the last year.

MR-Credit 6, Section 3: Summary of Referenced Standard Standards Cited: None Cited MR-Credit 6, Section 4: Green building Concerns Conventional building materials require large inputs of natural resources, capital, and time. Conversely, rapidly renewable materials require less of these inputs and are thus, more economical, environmentally friendly, and less labor intensive. Rapidly renewable resources are those materials that substantially replenish themselves faster than traditional


51

extraction demand (i.e., planted and harvested in less than a 10 year cycle) and do not result in significant biodiversity loss, increase erosion, air quality impacts, and that are sustainably managed. Examples of such building materials that grow quickly and replenish their supply include (but are not limited to) the materials listed in Table 1.

Table 1: Rapidly Renewable Materials

Examples of Rapidly Renewable Materials Bamboo Flooring

Wheatgrass cabinetry Poplar OSB

Sunflower seed board Wool Carpet

Linoleum Flooring Cotton batt insulation

MR-Credit 6, Section 5: Environmental Issues Rapidly renewable resources require significantly less land to produce the same amount of material as other resources. However, it is important to consider that a resource may only be renewable if its natural habitat is preserved. To avoid problems such as soil erosion prevention and biodiversity loss, it is important that rapidly renewable resource production is sensitive to the harvest area. MR-Credit 6, Section 6: Economic Issues Because rapidly renewable resources may be harvested more quickly, they require less land to produce the same quantity of material, which equates to lower land costs. Also, rapidly renewable materials have a faster payback on investment for manufacturers. Many rapidly renewable materials are new to the marketplace and are subsequently more expensive than their conventional counterparts. However, as rapidly renewable materials become more commonplace, their cost will drop and become lower than conventional materials. MR-Credit 6, Section 7: Strategies and Technologies Specify Rapidly Renewable Materials. Research rapidly renewable materials for flooring, cabinetry, wood products and other project applications. Specify these materials in construction documents and create a current list of rapidly renewable products for future reference. MR-Credit 6, Section 8: Synergies and Trade Offs Because many products made from rapidly renewable resources are relatively new, their long-term performance characteristics may be unknown. For example, the performance and stability of bamboo flooring has improved in recent years through the use of laminated layers of the material. Therefore it is important to evaluate a product’s performance history prior to specifying. Rapidly renewable materials costs can also be applied to MR Credits 5 and 7 if the materials meet the credit requirements. It is important to assess the IAQ impacts of all


52

specified materials. Some rapidly renewable materials may off-gas contaminants and have a negative impact on IAQ. MR-Credit 6, Section 9: Calculations, Template Documents and Other Materials The following calculation methodology is used to support the credit submittals as listed on the first page of this credit. To calculate the percentage of rapidly renewable materials used on a project, it is helpful to create a spreadsheet listing all materials used on the project and their associated costs. Identify those products that are considered to be rapidly renewable. Sum all rapidly renewable material costs and divide this value by the total materials cost to obtain the rapidly renewable material percentage (see Equation 1). Equation 1: Rapidly Renewable Material Portion [%] = Rapidly Renewable Material Cost [$]/Total Materials Cost [$] Table 2 presents rapidly renewable materials calculations for a sample project. Material costs exclude labor and equipment costs. Rapidly renewable materials for the example include miscellaneous carpentry, wheatboard panels, linoleum and bamboo flooring. These costs for these materials are totaled and divided by the total material cost to obtain the rapidly renewable material percentage of 7%. The example project qualifies for one point under this credit. Cut sheets or a letter from the manufacturer must be submitted to confirm that building materials are manufactured with rapidly renewable resources.

Example Company Policy on Use of Rapidly Renewable Materials in Construction

For any construction in the project building, or on the site of this building, the construction specifications will require that a minimum of 5% of building materials used are rapidly renewable materials. Signed by: Head of Organization, on: Date:

Table 2: Rapidly Renewable Materials Example Calculations



Labor (Subtract

from Total) [$]

Equipment (Subtract

from Total) [$]

Material Cost (Less Labor & Equipment

[$]

Rapidly Renewable Materials [$]


$22,500 $22,500

Planting $49,566 $9,000 $5,500 $35,066 Compost $25,000 $25,000 Rebar $86,000 $86,000


53

Cast-in-Place Concrete

$490,700 $265,700 $30,000 $195,000


$10,000 $7,000 $3,000

Brick (salvaged)

$68,400 $32,200 $2,500 $33,700

Brick (new)

$59,500 $28,500 $2,500 $28,500


$10,000 $10,000


$225,000 $36,000 $10,000 $179,000

Reclaimed Woods

$130,000 $130,000

Certified Wood

$225,000 $225,000

Rough Carpentry

$1,120,347 $750,000 $30,000 $340,347


$77,380 $51,000 $5,000 $21,380 $21,380

Parallam Material

$575,000 $126,000 $40,000 $409,000

Wood Joist Material

$55,000 $55,000


$93,090 $93,090 $93,090

Millwork $400,490 $210,000 $5,000 $185,590 Waterproofing

$15,000 $8,000 $1,000 $6,000


$80,500 $80,500

Metal Siding

$90,500 $42,500 $10,000 $38,000

Metal Roofing

$123,548 $73,548 $15,000 $35,000


54


$237,700 $237,700


$64,870 $64,870

Glass and Glazing

$22,750 $2,000 $20,750

Gypsum Wallboard

$210,000 $105,000 $15,000 $90,000

Ceramic Tile

$25,396 $14,000 $11,396

Acoustical $41,226 $26,226 $4,000 $11,000 Carpet $15,000 $15,000 Carpet Pad $3,000 $3,000 Linoleum $24,500 $6,000 $18,500 $18,500 Bamboo Flooring

$110,345 $40,000 $70,345 $70,345


$2,175 $2,175


$4,130 $2,730 $1,400


$2,280 $2,280

TOTAL $5,143,338 $1,988,094

$275,500 $2,879,744 $203,315

MR-Credit 6, Section 10: Other Resources Websites Bamboo Flooring www.buildinggreen.com/products/bamboo.html An article in Environmental Building News on bamboo flooring, including a listing of


55

bamboo flooring suppliers. Highlights of Environmental Flooring www.edcmag.com An Environmental Design & Construction article providing information on bamboo flooring, linoleum, and wool carpeting. Audubon House Provides Good Moth Habitat www.buildinggreen.com/news/audubonmoth.html An article in Environmental Building News on a problematic wool carpet installation at the National Audubon Society headquarters.

Print Media The Environmental Resource Guide by the AIA Committee on the Environment, John Wiley & Sons, 1996.


Rapidly Renewable Materials: materials that are planted and harvested in less than 10 year cycle. MR- Credit 6, Section 12: Case Study Note: A LEED EB Case Study will be added from the LEED EB Pilot Applications when these become available.


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Materials and Resources Credit 7: Certified Wood MR-Credit 7: Intent Encourage environmentally responsible forest management. MR-Credit 7, Section 1: Requirements Develop and implement a purchasing policy for certified wood for any current and future retrofit/renovations. Use a minimum of 50% of wood-based materials certified in accordance with the Forest Stewardship Council guidelines for wood building components including but not limited to framing, flooring, finishes, furnishings, and non-rented temporary construction applications such as bracing, concrete form work and pedestrian barriers. (1 point) MR-Credit 7, Section 2a: Submittals for Initial Certification under LEED EB

Certified Wood • Provide a copy of the certified wood policy that specifies inclusion of

certified wood specification provisions for any construction materials used in the building or on the site.

• Provide documentation that the certified wood policy has been followed: For any construction materials used in the building or on the site

over the last year provide calculations showing that at least 50% of wood-based materials certified in accordance with the Forest Stewardship Council guidelines for wood building components and provide wood certification documentation from the manufacturer declaring conformance with Forest Stewardship Council guidelines for certified wood building components. Provide specifications and contractor submittals highlighting certified wood-based materials installed. Provide a spreadsheet of all wood-based materials used highlighting certified wood-based materials.





• Provide documentation that the certified wood policy has been followed: For any construction materials used in the building or on the site

over the last year provide calculations showing that at least 50% of wood-based materials certified in accordance with the Forest Stewardship Council guidelines for wood building components and provide wood certification documentation from the manufacturer declaring conformance with Forest Stewardship Council guidelines


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for certified wood building components. Provide specifications and contractor submittals highlighting certified wood-based materials installed. Provide a spreadsheet of all wood-based materials used highlighting certified wood-based materials.

OR • Provide a written statement that no construction materials used in

the building or on the site during the last year. MR-Credit 7, Section 3: Summary of Referenced Standard Forest Stewardship Council Guidelines The Forest Stewardship Council, www.fscus.org, Tel: (877) 372-5646 These Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Guidelines require compliance on several interrelated issues for a forest product to become certified as being a sustainably harvested building material. The political obligations of wood producers include observance of all applicable regional laws as well as international treaties and agreements. Wood producers must respect long-term tenure and use rights on the land from which the wood is harvested. This includes respecting the rights of indigenous peoples to own and manage their land and material resources. The guidelines also require protection of forest workers health. By applying a management plan scaled to actual production, long-term goals are explicitly stated and should include conservation of biological diversity and efficient use of all forest products to safeguard the long-term vitality of the forests. Compliance with the plan is measured through active monitoring and must observe the principles of the ten FSC Guidelines. For a complete list of these guidelines, refer to the website listed in the Resources section. “FSC-Certified Forest Products” are those products manufactured with wood from FSC-certified forests. These forests sustainably manage production of wood products to respect the integrity and health of a particular forest ecosystem. The FSC certifies production streams that comply with their criteria and permits the posting of their “FSC-Certified” logo on the product label. Standards Cited:

(1) Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) guidelines for wood building components - (Topic cited: Sustainable wood products standards and sources of FSC certified wood)

Where to obtain this document: Organization name: FSC Telephone number: (877) 372-5646 Web address: www.fscus.org Directions: From the FSC web site above, select “Standards and Policies.” From the Standards and Policy web page, select “Principles and Criteria” or go directly to: http://www.fscus.org/html/standards_policies/principles_criteria/index.html.


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For sources of FSC certified wood, click on the “Buying and Selling FSC Products” link or go directly to: http://www.fscus.org/html/buying_and_selling/index.html.

MR-Credit 7, Section 4: Green building Concerns Forests are an important natural resource because they sustain and nurture many organisms, including humans. Conventional forestry practices have substantial impacts on air and water quality. Sustainable forestry practices minimize or eliminate these problems by adhering to the referenced standard. The intent of the referenced standard is to reduce the number of products that are made from wood originating in endangered forests, to encourage the efficient use of all wood and wood fibers, to objectively assess forest production practices, to certify those production streams that comply with their criteria, and to connect and mobilize a broad range of stakeholders in order to preserve forests. MR-Credit 7, Section 5: Environmental Issues The environmental impacts, as a result of conventional forest practices, include soil erosion, stream sedimentation, habitat destruction, water pollution, air pollution, and waste generation. The referenced standard incorporates several criteria that contribute to the long-term viability of certified forests. These include the preservation of natural habitat areas, the reduction of damages related to soil erosion and water pollution. MR-Credit 7, Section 6: Economic Issues World trade in forest products has increased dramatically in the last 30 years, from $47 billion in 1970 to $139 billion in 1998. As more developing countries embrace world forest product markets and their growing economies encourage domestic consumption, the protection of endangered forests will become a critical issue. Currently, the costs of FSC-certified wood products are equal to or higher than conventional wood products. The price of FSC-certified wood products is expected to be more competitive with conventional wood products in future years as the world’s forest resources are depleted and the forest industry embraces more widespread adoption of sustainable business principles. MR-Credit 7, Section 7: Strategies and Technologies Refer to the Forest Stewardship Council guidelines for wood building components that qualify for compliance to the requirements and incorporate into material selection for the project. Develop certified wood goals for your project. For instance, specify that 50% of all wood-based materials used in the project will be FSC-certified, based on dollar value. When selecting wood-based products for the project, refer to the referenced standard for wood building components that qualify for compliance to their requirements. Specify wood-based products that are FSC-certified in construction documents and maintain a current listing of manufacturers and suppliers for future reference. Alert contractors to the need for additional lead time to obtain FSC-certified wood products due to high demand and limited supply.


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MR-Credit 7, Section 8: Synergies and Trade Offs Some certified wood products may not be locally available or may be difficult to locate. Certified wood products can be applied to MR Credits 5 and 6 if these products comply with credit requirements for those credits. Some specifying certified products contain adhesives and chemicals that have off-gassing characteristics that may impact IAQ. MR-Credit 7, Section 9: Calculations, Template Documents and Other Materials The following calculation methodology is used to support the credit submittals as listed on the first page of this credit. To calculate the percentage of certified wood products used on a project, it is helpful to create a spreadsheet listing all materials used on the project and their associated costs. This spreadsheet can also be used for MR Credits 3, 4, 5, and 6. First, identify all wood-based products used on the project, excluding salvaged and refurbished materials. Sum these products to obtain a total wood-based products cost. Next, identify those wood-based products that are FSC-certified. Sum all FSC-certified wood material costs and divide this value by the total wood products cost to obtain the certified wood products percentage (see Equation 1). Equation 1: Certified Wood Material Portion [%] = FCS Certified Wood Products Cost [$]/Total New Wood Based Products Cost [$] The example in Table 1 presents certified wood calculations for a sample project. Material costs exclude labor and equipment costs. Two columns are presented for certified wood materials. The first column includes all new wood-based building products used in the project (all salvaged and refurbished materials are excluded from the certified wood calculations). The second column includes those wood-based products that are FSC-certified. Dividing the total certified wood value by the total wood–based products dollar value gives the certified wood products percentage for the project of 56%. This example qualifies for one point under this credit because more than 50% of new wood-based products are FSC-certified. Cut sheets for all certified wood-based products must be submitted with certification documentation stating that the products comply with the Forest Stewardship Council Guidelines for certified wood. Salvaged or refurbished materials do not apply to this credit, unless there is chain of custody documentation to validate their authenticity as FSC-certified products.

Example Company Policy on Use of FSC Certified Wood in Construction For any construction in the project building, or on the site of this building, the construction specifications will require that a minimum of 50% of wood-based materials used will be certified in accordance with the Forest Stewardship Council guidelines for wood building.


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Signed by: Head of Organization, on: Date:

Table 1: Certified Wood Materials Example Calculation



Labor (Subtract

from Total) [$]

Equipment (Subtract

from Total) [$]


Equipment [$]

New Wood-Based

Materials [$]

Certified Wood [$]


$22,500 $22,500

Planting $49,566 $9,000 $5,500 $35,066 Compost $25,000 $25,000 Rebar $86,000 $86,000 Cast-in-Place Concrete

$490,700 $265,700 $30,000 $195,000


$10,000 $7,000 $3,000

Brick (salvaged)

$68,400 $32,200 $2,500 $33,700

Brick (new)

$59,500 $28,500 $2,500 $28,500


$10,000 $10,000


$225,000 $36,000 $10,000 $179,000

Reclaimed Woods

$130,000 $130,000

Certified Wood

$225,000 $225,000 $225,000 $225,000

Rough Carpentry

$1,120,347 $750,000 $30,000 $340,347 $340,347 $340,347


$77,380 $51,000 $5,000 $21,380 $21,380


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Parallam Material

$575,000 $126,000 $40,000 $409,000 $409,000

Wood Joist Material

$55,000 $55,000 $55,000


$93,090 $93,090 $93,090

Millwork $400,490 $210,000 $5,000 $185,590 $185,590 $185,590 Waterproofing

$15,000 $8,000 $1,000 $6,000


$80,500 $80,500

Metal Siding

$90,500 $42,500 $10,000 $38,000

Metal Roofing

$123,548 $73,548 $15,000 $35,000


$237,700 $237,700


$64,870 $64,870

Glass and Glazing

$22,750 $2,000 $20,750

Gypsum Wallboard

$210,000 $105,000 $15,000 $90,000

Ceramic Tile

$25,396 $14,000 $11,396

Acoustical $41,226 $26,226 $4,000 $11,000 Carpet $15,000 $15,000 Carpet Pad $3,000 $3,000 Linoleum $24,500 $6,000 $18,500 Bamboo Flooring

$110,345 $40,000 $70,345


$2,175 $2,175


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$4,130 $2,730 $1,400


$2,280 $2,280

TOTAL $5,143,338 $1,988,094

$275,500 $2,879,744 $1,329,407 $750,937

MR-Credit 7, Section 10: Other Resources Websites Certified Forest Products Council www.certifiedwood.org A nonprofit organization focused on promoting responsible forest product buying practices in North America. The site also maintains a database of wood products suppliers that are certified by the Certified Forest Products Council. Scientific Certification Systems Forest Conservation Program http://www.scscertified.com/ A certification program for sustainable forestry practices that has certified forests in the U.S. as well as throughout the world. Smartwood www.smartwood.org A Program of the Rainforest Alliance to reduce the negative environmental impacts of forestry practices by awarding a seal of approval to responsible forest managers.

Print Media Sustainable Forestry: Philosophy, Science, and Economics by Chris Maser, CRC Press, 1994. The Business of Sustainable Forestry: Strategies for an Industry in Transition by Michael B. Jenkins and Emily T. Smith, Island Press, 1999.


Definitions Chain-of-Custody is a document that tracks the status of a wood product from the forest to the ultimate consumer and is used to verify compliance with FSC guidelines.

Sustainable Forestry is the practice of managing forest resources to meet the long-term forest product needs of humans while maintaining the biodiversity of forested landscapes. The primary goal is to restore, enhance, and sustain a full range of forest values, both


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economic and ecological. MR- Credit 7, Section 12: Case Study Note: A LEED EB Case Study will be added from the LEED EB Pilot Applications when these become available.


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Materials and Resources Credit 8: Occupant Recycling (Points: 3) MR-Credit 8: Intent Facilitate the reduction of waste and toxins generated by building occupants and building operations that is hauled to and disposed of in landfills. MR-Credit 8, Section 1: Requirements Establish/maintain building occupant waste reduction and recycling programs addressing the separation, collection and storage of materials for recycling including (at a minimum) paper, glass, plastics, and metals, and divert from landfill disposal.

Divert/Recycle 30% of total waste stream volume (1 point) Divert/Recycle 40% of total waste stream volume (2 points) Divert/Recycle 50% of total waste stream volume (3 points)

MR-Credit 8, Section 2a: Submittals for Initial Certification under LEED EB

Waste Stream Diversion / Recycling Achievements • Provide report on the waste produced by the building over the last year and

hauler documentation and calculation on the amount of this waste that has been recycled over the last year.

MR-Credit 8, Section 2b: Submittals for Subsequent, Ongoing Re-Certification

under LEED EB • Provide report on the waste produced by the building over the last year and

hauler documentation and calculation on the amount of this waste that has been recycled over the last year.

MR-Credit 8, Section 3: Summary of Referenced Standard Standards Cited: None MR-Credit 8, Section 4: Green building Concerns MR-Credit 8, Section 5: Environmental Issues MR-Credit 8, Section 6: Economic Issues MR-Credit 8, Section 7: Strategies and Technologies Establish space for recycling functions dedicated to collection of recycled materials. Broader recycling support space considerations should allow for collection and storage of the required elements and newspaper, organic waste (food and soiled paper), and dry waste. When collection bins are used, bin(s) should be able to accommodate a 75% diversion rate and be easily accessible to custodial staff and recycling collection workers. Consider bin designs that allow for easy cleaning to avoid health issues. Implement waste diversion tracking and reporting processes. MR-Credit 8, Section 8: Synergies and Trade Offs


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MR-Credit 8, Section 9: Calculations, Template Documents and Other Materials MR-Credit 8, Section 10: Other Resources MR- Credit 8, Section 11: Definitions MR- Credit 8, Section 12: Case Study Note: A LEED EB Case Study will be added from the LEED EB Pilot Applications when these become available.