MATTER

Can it be physically separated?

Homogeneous Mixture

(solution)

Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element

MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE

yes no

Can it be chemically decomposed?

noyesIs the composition uniform?

noyes

Colloids Suspensions

Elements

only one kindof atom; atomsare bonded itthe element

is diatomic orpolyatomic

Compounds

two ormore kindsof atomsthat arebonded

substancewith

definitemakeup

andproperties

Mixtures

two or moresubstances

that arephysically

mixed

two ormore

kinds ofand

Both elements and compounds have a definite makeup and definite properties.

Matter Flowchart

Examples:

– graphite

– pepper

– sugar (sucrose)

– paint

– soda

element

hetero. mixture

compound

solution homo. mixture

hetero. mixture

Pure Substances

Element– composed of identical atoms– EX: copper wire, aluminum foil

Pure Substances

Compound

– composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio

– properties differ from those of individual elements

– EX: table salt (NaCl)

Pure Substances

Law of Definite CompositionLaw of Definite Composition

– A given compound always contains the same, fixed ratio of elements.

Law of Multiple ProportionsLaw of Multiple Proportions

– Elements can combine in different ratios to form different compounds.

Pure Substances

For example…

Two different compounds, each has a definite composition.

Carbon, C Oxygen, O Carbon monoxide, CO

Carbon, C Oxygen, O Oxygen, O Carbon dioxide, CO2

Mixtures

Variable combination of two or more pure substances.

Heterogeneous Homogeneous

Mixtures

Solution– homogeneous– very small particles– no Tyndall effect Tyndall Effect

– particles don’t settle– EX: rubbing alcohol

Mixtures

Colloid– heterogeneous– medium-sized particles– Tyndall effect– particles don’t settle– EX: milk

Mixtures

Suspension– heterogeneous– large particles– Tyndall effect– particles settle– EX: fresh-squeezed

lemonade

Mixtures

Examples:

– mayonnaise

– muddy water

– fog

– saltwater

– Italian salad dressing

colloid

suspension

colloid

solution

suspension

Classification of Matter

MATTER(gas. Liquid,

solid, plasma)

PURESUBSTANCES MIXTURES

HETEROGENEOUSMIXTURE

HOMOGENEOUSMIXTURESELEMENTSCOMPOUNDS

Separated by

physical means into

Separated by

chemical means into

Classification of Matter

uniformproperties?

fixedcomposition?

chemicallydecomposable?

no

no

no

yes

hetero-geneousmixture

solution

element

compound

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

(a)an element(hydrogen)

(b)a compound(water)

(c)a mixture(hydrogen and oxygen)

(d)a mixture(hydrogenand oxygen)

hydrogenatoms hydrogen

atoms

oxygen atoms

Compounds vs. Mixtures

• Compounds have properties that are uniquely different from the elements from which they are made. – A formula can always be written for a compound

– e.g. NaCl Na + Cl2

• Mixtures retain their individual properties.– e.g. Salt water is salty and wet

Diatomic Elements, 1 and 7H2

N2 O2 F2

Cl2

Br2

F2

Top Ten Elements in the Universe

Top Ten Elements in the Universe

Percent

Element (by atoms) 1. Hydrogen 73.92. Helium 24.03. Oxygen 1.14. Carbon

0.465. Neon 0.136. Iron 0.117. Nitrogen

0.0978. Silicon 0.0659. Magnesium 0.05810.Sulfur 0.044

A typical spiral galaxy(Milky Way is a spiral galaxy)

The Composition of Air

AirAir

NitrogenNitrogen

OxygenOxygenHeliumHelium

Watervapor

Watervapor

NeonNeon

Carbondioxide

Carbondioxide ArgonArgon