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MAYOMAYOMAYOMAYO
The Spirit of the Age (1790-1850)
The Spirit of the Age (1790-1850) A sense of a shared vision among
the Romantics.
Early support of the French Revolution
Rise of the individual.
Affinity with nature.
Radical poetics / politics – an obsession with violent change.
A sense of a shared vision among the Romantics.
Early support of the French Revolution
Rise of the individual.
Affinity with nature.
Radical poetics / politics – an obsession with violent change.
TheEnlightenme
nt
TheEnlightenme
ntSociety is good, curbing violent impulses!
Society is good, curbing violent impulses!
Civilization corrupts;institutions have rippling effects!
Civilization corrupts;institutions have rippling effects!
Romanticism
Romanticism
Early19c
Romantic Movement
• Reaction (backlash) against some Enlightenment ideas
• Dramatic German poetry (Strum and Drang … storm and stress)
• Rationalism and reason are NOT enough to explain human nature
Rousseau
• Emile – stressed differences between children and adults
• Stages of maturation
• Maximum individual freedom
• Physical differences of men and women have them in separate roles
• Nature superior to artificial society
• Uniqueness of each individual
Immanuel Kant
• Knowledge rooted in sensory experience (Locke)
• KANT … subjective character of human knowledge … the mind actively imposes categories of understanding … presupposition
• Innate sense of moral duty
Romantics
• Fancy, imagination, intuition … human mind had power beyond reason
• Poets, artists, possessed greater degree of the above
Romanticism
• Emotions, Passion, Irrationality• Individualism• Power of Nature• Nationalism• Mysticism, Superstition• Danger in Science and Technology
(sometimes)• Exotic lands, fantasy, the occult
Lady Macbeth - Henry Fuseli, 1794
Lady Macbeth - Henry Fuseli, 1794
Wandering Above the Sea of Fog
Caspar David Friedrich,
1818
Wandering Above the Sea of Fog
Caspar David Friedrich,
1818
The Dreamer Gaspar David Friedrich, 1835
The Dreamer Gaspar David Friedrich, 1835
Solitary Tree Caspar David Friedrich, 1823
Solitary Tree Caspar David Friedrich, 1823
An Avalanche in the AlpsPhilip James de Loutherbourg,
1803
An Avalanche in the AlpsPhilip James de Loutherbourg,
1803
Sunset After a Storm On the Coast of Sicily – Andreas
Achenbach, 1853
Sunset After a Storm On the Coast of Sicily – Andreas
Achenbach, 1853
The DelugeFrancis Danby, 1840
The DelugeFrancis Danby, 1840
Tree of CrowsCaspar David Friedrich, 1822
Tree of CrowsCaspar David Friedrich, 1822
The Wreck of the Hope (aka The Sea of Ice)
Caspar David Friedrich, 1821
The Wreck of the Hope (aka The Sea of Ice)
Caspar David Friedrich, 1821
Shipwreck – Joseph Turner, 1805Shipwreck – Joseph Turner, 1805
The Raft of the MedusaThéodore Géricault, 1819The Raft of the Medusa
Théodore Géricault, 1819
The Eruption of Vesuvius - John Martin
The Eruption of Vesuvius - John Martin
Lion with the Rabbit - Eugène Delacroix
Lion with the Rabbit - Eugène Delacroix
Isaac Newton – William Blake, 1795Isaac Newton – William Blake, 1795
Rain, Steam, and SpeedJoseph Mallord William Turner,
1844
Rain, Steam, and SpeedJoseph Mallord William Turner,
1844
Man and Woman Contemplating the Moon
Gaspar David Friedrich, 1825
Man and Woman Contemplating the Moon
Gaspar David Friedrich, 1825
Moonrise by the SeaGaspar David Friedrich, 1821
Moonrise by the SeaGaspar David Friedrich, 1821
Flatford Mill – John Constable, 1817
Flatford Mill – John Constable, 1817
The Corn Field
John Constable,
1826
The Corn Field
John Constable,
1826
A Mill at Gillingham in Dorset John Constable, 1826
A Mill at Gillingham in Dorset John Constable, 1826
Coming From Evening Church
Samuel Palmer, 1830
Coming From Evening Church
Samuel Palmer, 1830
Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop’s Ground
John Constable, 1825
Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop’s Ground
John Constable, 1825
Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows
John Constable, 1831
Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows
John Constable, 1831
Hadleigh Castle - John Constable, 1829
Hadleigh Castle - John Constable, 1829
Eldena RuinGaspar David Friedrich, 1825
Eldena RuinGaspar David Friedrich, 1825
Winter Landscape with ChurchGaspar David Friedrich, 1811
Winter Landscape with ChurchGaspar David Friedrich, 1811
Cloister Cemetery in the SnowCaspar David Friedrich, 1817-
1819
Cloister Cemetery in the SnowCaspar David Friedrich, 1817-
1819
Abbey in an Oak ForestCaspar David Friedrich, 1809-
1810
Abbey in an Oak ForestCaspar David Friedrich, 1809-
1810
Pity - William Blake, 1795Pity - William Blake, 1795
The Great Red
Dragon and the Woman
Clothed with the Sun
William Blake,
1808-1810
The Great Red
Dragon and the Woman
Clothed with the Sun
William Blake,
1808-1810
Stonehenge - John Constable, 1836Stonehenge - John Constable, 1836
Nightmare (The Incubus)Henry Fuseli, 1781
Nightmare (The Incubus)Henry Fuseli, 1781
Manfred and the Witch of the AlpsJohn Martin - 1837
Manfred and the Witch of the AlpsJohn Martin - 1837
Witches Sabbath
Francisco Goya,1798
Witches Sabbath
Francisco Goya,1798
Procession of Flagellants on Good Friday
Francisco Goya, 1793
Procession of Flagellants on Good Friday
Francisco Goya, 1793
Hamlet and Horatio in
the Graveyard
Eugène Delacroix,
1839
Hamlet and Horatio in
the Graveyard
Eugène Delacroix,
1839
Saturn DevoursHis Son
Francisco Goya,
1819-1823
Saturn DevoursHis Son
Francisco Goya,
1819-1823
Greece on the Ruins of
Missolonghi
Eugène Delacroix,
1827
Greece on the Ruins of
Missolonghi
Eugène Delacroix,
1827
Liberty Leading the People Eugène Delacroix, 1830
Liberty Leading the People Eugène Delacroix, 1830
Detail of theMusket Bearer
Delacoix, himself
Detail of theMusket Bearer
Delacoix, himself
The Burning of Parliament (1)Joseph Turner, 1834-1835
The Burning of Parliament (1)Joseph Turner, 1834-1835
The Rise of the Cartheginian Empire
Joseph Turner, 1815
The Rise of the Cartheginian Empire
Joseph Turner, 1815
His Majesty’s Ship, “Victory”(Trafalgar) - John Constable, 1806
His Majesty’s Ship, “Victory”(Trafalgar) - John Constable, 1806
The Fighting TemeraireJoseph Mallord William Turner,
1838
The Fighting TemeraireJoseph Mallord William Turner,
1838
An Officer of the Imperial Horse Guard
Théodore Géricault, 1814
An Officer of the Imperial Horse Guard
Théodore Géricault, 1814
The Shooting of May 3, 1808Francisco Goya, 1815
The Shooting of May 3, 1808Francisco Goya, 1815
Portrait of Frederick ChopinEugène Delacroix, 1838
Portrait of Frederick ChopinEugène Delacroix, 1838
Pandemonium - John Martin, 1841Pandemonium - John Martin, 1841
Grand Canal, VeniceJoseph Mallord William Turner,
1835
Grand Canal, VeniceJoseph Mallord William Turner,
1835
Massacre of Chios - Eugène Delacroix, 1824
Massacre of Chios - Eugène Delacroix, 1824
The Fanatics of TangiersEugène Delacroix, 1837-1838
The Fanatics of TangiersEugène Delacroix, 1837-1838
The Sultan of Morocco and His Entourage
Eugène Delacroix, 1845
The Sultan of Morocco and His Entourage
Eugène Delacroix, 1845
Women of Algiers in Their ApartmentEugène Delacroix, 1834
Women of Algiers in Their ApartmentEugène Delacroix, 1834
The Bullfight - Francisco GoyaThe Bullfight - Francisco Goya
Charge of the Mamelukes, May 2nd, 1808
Francisco Goya, 1814
Charge of the Mamelukes, May 2nd, 1808
Francisco Goya, 1814
God as the Architect - William Blake, 1794
God as the Architect - William Blake, 1794
Elohim Creating AbrahamWilliam Blake, 1805
Elohim Creating AbrahamWilliam Blake, 1805
Body of Abel Found by Adam and Eve
William Blake, 1825
Body of Abel Found by Adam and Eve
William Blake, 1825
Faust and MephistophelesEugène Delacroix, 1826-1827
Faust and MephistophelesEugène Delacroix, 1826-1827
The Seventh Plague of EgyptJohn Martin, 1823
The Seventh Plague of EgyptJohn Martin, 1823
The Cathedral
Gaspar DavidFriedrich,
1818
The Cathedral
Gaspar DavidFriedrich,
1818
The Cathedral(details)
Gaspar DavidFriedrich,
1818
The Cathedral(details)
Gaspar DavidFriedrich,
1818
The Great Age of the NovelThe Great Age of the Novel
Gothic Novel: Jane Eyre - Charlotte Bronte Wuthering Heights - Emily Bronte
Historical Novel: Ivanhoe - Sir Walter Scott Les Miserables - Victor Hugo The Three Musketeers - Alexander Dumas
Gothic Novel: Jane Eyre - Charlotte Bronte Wuthering Heights - Emily Bronte
Historical Novel: Ivanhoe - Sir Walter Scott Les Miserables - Victor Hugo The Three Musketeers - Alexander Dumas
The Great Age of the NovelThe Great Age of the Novel
Science Fiction Novel: Frankenstein - Mary Shelley Dracula – Bramm Stoker
Novel of Purpose: The Road to Ruin - Thomas Holcroft
Science Fiction Novel: Frankenstein - Mary Shelley Dracula – Bramm Stoker
Novel of Purpose: The Road to Ruin - Thomas Holcroft
Other Romantic Writers
Other Romantic Writers
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm - Grimm’s Fairy Tales
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm - Grimm’s Fairy Tales
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Faust Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Faust
The Romantic PoetsThe Romantic Poets Percy Byssche Shelley
Lord Byron (George Gordon)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
William Wordsworth
John Keats
William Blake
Percy Byssche Shelley
Lord Byron (George Gordon)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
William Wordsworth
John Keats
William Blake
The LambPoem lyrics of The Lamb by William Blake
• Lamb, who made thee? Dost thou know who made thee? Gave thee life, and bid thee feed, By the stream and o'er the mead; Gave thee clothing of delight, Softest clothing, woolly, bright; Gave thee such a tender voice, Making all the vales rejoice? Little Lamb, who made thee? Dost thou know who made thee?
• Little Lamb, I'll tell thee, Little Lamb, I'll tell thee. He is called by thy name, For He calls Himself a Lamb. He is meek, and He is mild; He became a little child. I a child, and thou a lamb, We are called by His name. Little Lamb, God bless thee! Little Lamb, God bless thee!
William BlakeWilliam Blake
THE TYGER (from Songs Of Experience)
Tyger! Tyger! burning bright In the forests of the night, What immortal hand or eye Could frame thy fearful symmetry?
In what distant deeps or skies Burnt the fire of thine eyes? On what wings dare he aspire? What the hand dare sieze the fire?
And what shoulder, & what art. Could twist the sinews of thy heart? And when thy heart began to beat, What dread hand? & what dread feet?
What the hammer? what the chain? In what furnace was thy brain? What the anvil? what dread grasp Dare its deadly terrors clasp?
When the stars threw down their spears, And watered heaven with their tears, Did he smile his work to see? Did he who made the Lamb make thee?
Tyger! Tyger! burning bright In the forests of the night, What immortal hand or eye Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?
William Blake
• to live a good life does not necessarily mean one must deny natural creative energy. The energy that Blake describes, that humans are taught to curb or restrain, is what causes the sense of evil as defined by orthodox Christianity, when in reality, it is that energy that gives humans creative power and true individuality. While that energy should be tamed, it should never be constrained.
• Blake’s writing is more about universal balance – almost from an Eastern perspective as compared to Western religious teachings where everything is black and white. William Blake’s Proverbs of Hell endeavor to teach the value of experience beyond the five senses, to not deny natural desires, to resist prudence and see that active is preferred to passive living, to not resist the self and one’s accomplishments, and to recognize the hazards of religion and the herd mentality that it promotes.