MBTI Research into Distribution of Type (2nd edition)tools.ashridge.org.uk/Website/IC.nsf/wFARATT/MBTI Research into... · Ashridge MBTI research into distribution of type By Melissa

Ashridge MBTI research into distribution of typeBy Melissa Carr, Judy Curd, Fiona DentAlex Davda and Naomi Piper

Second edition

Ashridge Business School http://www.ashridge.org.uk

Contents

Section 1:

Background of the MBTI 1

The data 1

Aims of the research 2

The findings 2

Recommended reading 5

Section 2:

Type Tables 6

Ashridge MBTI Research into distribution of type


Background of the MBTI

One of the most widely used personality instruments, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator provides a useful tool for understanding differences between people. The instrument offers individuals an insight into where they get their energy from, how they take in information and make decisions, and the way they prefer to live their lives.

The tool has many different applications including helping people to understand why they may find some occupations more rewarding than others and why certain roles can provide frustrations. Each of the 16 types has its own strengths and areas for development; however, it does not give an indicator of skills or abilities. The MBTI only really adds value when used in a developmental setting.

The MBTI has been used world-wide across many different languages and cultures. Research has suggested that type theory is meaningful across all cultures but the expression and interpretation of behaviours will vary according to culture (Kendall, 1998). This means that it is particularly useful in global management development and can be used with audiences other than the white, middle class Americans on which the original research was based.

The MBTI has a long history and many people have written and researched about the development and application of type. Ashridge research aims to build upon some of these previous studies: specifically, the 1998 research project carried out by Oxford Psychologists Press (Kendall, 1998), which has been used as a basis for comparison with the Ashridge data. This research, which was part of the validation study of the UK form of the MBTI, presented the first type tables for the UK population. The OPP study aims to provide ‘an important benchmark for many research initiatives such as exploring similarities and differences with other countries and cultures’ (Kendall, 1998, p5). The Ashridge study aims to develop and build upon some of these research initiatives.

The data

Ashridge, one of the world’s leading business schools, delivers executive education and development to individuals and organisations. As well as having a comprehensive portfolio of open programmes, Ashridge provides tailored programmes to a range of client organisations that span all industry sectors. Every year, about 5000 managers attend programmes at Ashridge; of these 42% are international programme participants. Many of these programmes have aspects of individual and team development for which participants complete a range of psychometric instruments, one of which is the MBTI. The data was collected from managers who have attended a variety of the programmes.

The research was carried out in January 2011 using the reported types of over 22,000 managers who have attended both open and tailored executive education programmes in the past ten years. When the data was collected, permission was sought to use the findings for research purposes, and all data was anonymised.

Ashridge Management Type Research

11



The sample population

Subjects in this research were all participants on management development programmes at Ashridge from 2000 to 2010. The participants ranged in age from 20 to 78. Management levels ranged from junior manager to senior executive and chief executive. The participants in this sample population came from 116 different countries: 96% were European, with 52% of the total population coming from the UK. The gender split was 76% male and 22% female with 2% unspecified. The largest individual industry sectors are manufacturing with 24%, and public sector workers with 25% of the sample population.

Aims of research

The research had the following aims, the findings of which are summarised later:

n to build on previous research and explore further some of the differences that exist in the distribution of types

n to compare managerial type tables with the UK population and examine differences that exists. Anecdotal evidence suggested that some types more than others seemed to appear in management. The research aimed to discover the extent to which this is true and, if this is the case, which were the more prevalent

n previous research has suggested that there are some gender differences in the MBTI, specifically around the dichotomies of Thinking and Feeling (Kendall, 1998). This research aimed to see if these patterns still held true when looking at a managerial population

n limited research has examined differences in type distribution within Europe. This research aimed to see if there were any significant differences in the distribution of type for European managers

n again, limited research is available about the distribution of managers across industry sector. This research aimed to go some way to providing this data

n finally, to provide resources for MBTI users to use with their clients both individually and at an organisational level.

The findings

The MBTI is different from many other psychometric instruments in that it is not normative; therefore it is more useful to look at whole types and the frequency with which they appear in different populations. Research has been carried out on the population distribution of type within the UK (Kendall, 1998) and this study aimed to extend this by looking at type distributions for managers across different countries and industries.

To be able to make conclusions on whether a certain group of people differ significantly in the type distribution to the general population, we used a formula called the Self Selection Ratio (SSR). This calculates whether a certain type is more or less likely to self-select into an area than would be suspected. A score of greater than one means that more of that type than would be expected are found in this area, a score of less than one shows an under-representation of this type, while a score of one means you would find as many as the general population mean.

2



n Modal types The modal type for Ashridge’s management population is ESTJ (22.5%), followed by ENTJ, ISTJ and ENTP. The least frequent types are ISFP, INFJ, ESFP and INFP. This demonstrates the most pronounced findings; the under-representation of people with a Feeling preference in management. 86% of Ashridge managers had a reported Thinking preference compared to the general population where 46% had this reported type. Also pronounced was the difference in Sensing and Intuition; in the management population, this was split 50/50: however, in a UK population only 23% of people report a preference for Intuition.

n Gender differences In the UK population, the Thinking-Feeling dichotomy is the only one that shows some gender differences, with women being more likely to report a Feeling preference than men (70% women compared to 35% men). This pattern does not hold true for a managerial population, where more women (76%) had a reported preference for Thinking. This is the same pattern that male managers display. This finding would provide the basis for interesting research into why this occurs; are women managers more similar to their male counterparts, or do they adopt behaviours that they see as the norm in a managerial population?

n European differences The UK managerial patterns are also true when looking at Europe. Across the European countries represented in the type tables, the modal types seem to be ESTJ, ENTJ and ISTJ followed by ENTP. Over half of all European managers had a TJ preference.

n Industry differences Industry sector type tables were calculated by breaking down the total Ashridge type table into industry sectors. Self-selection ratios were used to look at how specific industry sectors compared to the general managerial population. For most industries there were no significant differences in type distribution according to the industry sector. Some differences did occur: for example, in retail, ENTP was over-represented compared to the general managerial population. However the modal types still remained the same with ESTJ, ENTJ and ISTJ dominant.

An accurate reflection of my type

ISTJ Product Development Manager, API Group Plc

3



Summary of findings

The research showed that there are differences in the type distributions of managers compared to a UK population, more specifically:

n Some types are more prevalent than others in management and these seem to be largely focused in the four corners of the type table (ESTJ, ENTJ, ISTJ and INTJ)

n Gender differences do not appear to exist in a managerial population, with as many male managers reporting to have a Thinking preference as female managers. The striking difference though is in the prevalence of managers generally reporting to have a Thinking preference and the under-representation of managers with a Feeling preference.

n Type tables for European managers show no significant difference in profiles across different countries

n There does not appear to be a significant difference in managerial types across different industry sectors.

Conclusion

The main aim of the research was to provide type practitioners with up-to-date type tables. The research indicated that there are some significant differences in the types found in management compared to the general UK population.

The Ashridge study has raised some interesting questions that could form the basis for further research. For instance, the research was based on reported types and it would be useful to see how this may differ from their ‘best-fit’. More specifically, looking at some of the biases that seem to occur, it would be valuable to gain an understanding of whether managers are recognising that in order to cope with a managerial role, they need to develop the ability to behave in ways typically reported for ESTJ, ENTJ, ISTJ or ENTP types.

4



Recommended reading

n Briggs Myers, Isabel and Myers, Peter B. (1995) Gifts Differing, Understanding Personality Type, Davies Black Publishing

n Kendall, Elizabeth. (1998) Myers Briggs Type Indicator European English Editions Manual Supplement, OPP Ltd.

n Krebs Hirsh, Sandra and Kummerow, Jean M. (1990) Introduction To Type In Organisations, CPP Inc, USA

n Kroeger, O and Thuesen, J.M. (1988) Type Talk, Dell Publishing, USA.

n Myers, Katherine D, and Kirby, Linda K. (1994) Introduction to Type Dynamics and Development, CPP Inc, USA

n Myers, S. (1995) Influencing People Using Myers Briggs, Team Technology UK

n Rogers, Jenny. (1997) Sixteen Personality Types At Work In Organisations, Cambridge Management Centres plc and Management Futures Ltd.


5


Very insightful

ESFP HR Manager, Publishing House

Table 1: Ashridge managerial type:

All data (n = 22,783)

ISTJ3229

14.2%SSR = 1.03

ISFJ360

1.6%SSR = .13

INFJ202

0.9%SSR = .52

INTJ16337.2%

SSR = 5.14

ISTP859

3.8%SSR = .59

ISFP133

0.6%SSR = .09

INFP305

1.3%SSR = .40

INTP12775.6%

SSR = 2.33

ESTP13545.9%

SSR = 1.01

ESFP248

1.1%SSR = .12

ENFP814

3.6%SSR = 0.57

ENTP2571

11.3%SSR = 4.03

ESTJ5118

22.5%SSR = 2.16

ESFJ639

2.8%SSR = .22

ENFJ598

2.6%SSR = .92

ENTJ3443

15.0%SSR = 5.20

6



Dichotomous pairs

E 14785 64.89% S 11940 52.41% I 7998 35.11% N 10843 47.59%

T 19484 85.52% J 15222 66.81% F 3299 14.48% P 7561 33.19%

Pairs and temperaments

IJ 5424 23.81% TJ 13423 58.92% IP 2574 11.30% TP 6061 26.60% EP 4987 21.89% FP 1500 6.58% EJ 9798 43.01% FJ 1799 7.90%

ST 10560 46.35% IN 3417 15.00% SF 1380 6.06% EN 7426 32.59% NF 1919 8.42% IS 4581 20.11% NT 8924 39.17% ES 7359 32.30%

SJ 9346 41.02% ET 12486 54.80% SP 2594 11.39% EF 2299 10.09% NP 4967 21.80% IF 1000 4.39% NJ 5876 25.79% IT 6998 30.72% This table represents the distribution of the 16 MBTI types for 22783 participants on Ashridge development programmes from 2000 to 2010. The population is made up of 17272 males and 4968 females, with 543 participants unspecified. The ages range from 20 to 78 and they come from 116 different countries.

The most common reported types are:

ESTJ 22.5% ENTJ 15.1% ISTJ 14.2% ENTP 11.3%

63.1%

7

Ashridge MBTI Research into distribution of type Ashridge MBTI Research into distribution of type



Males (n = 17,272)

ISTJ2593

15.0%SSR = .76

ISFJ219

1.3%SSR = .19

INFJ124

0.7%SSR = .45

INTJ13007.5%

SSR = 3.0

ISTP715

4.1%SSR = .38

ISFP77

0.4% SSR = .11

INFP217

1.3% SSR = .36

INTP10085.8%

SSR = 1.41

ESTP10856.3%

SSR = .77

ESFP149

0.9% SSR = .15

ENFP524

3.0% SSR = .59

ENTP1950

11.3% SSR = 3.14

ESTJ3982

23.1% SSR = 1.99

ESFJ349

2.0% SSR = .33

ENFJ346

2.0% SSR = 1

ENTJ2634

15.3% SSR = 3.56

I would say that the MBTI type did provide an accurate description

ESTJ Research Fellow, University of Manchester

8



Dichotomous pairs

E 11019 63.80% S 9169 53.09% I 6253 36.20% N 8103 46.91%

T 15267 88.39% J 11547 66.85% F 2005 11.61% P 5725 33.15%




SJ 7143 41.36% ET 9651 55.88% SP 2026 11.73% EF 1368 7.92% NP 3699 21.42% IF 637 3.69% NJ 4404 25.50% IT 5616 32.52% This table represents the distribution of the 16 MBTI types for the 17272 male participants on Ashridge development programmes from 2000 to 2010. They make up 76% of the sample population. Ages range from 20 to 78 and they come from 113 different countries.



64.7%

9



ISTJ538

10.8% SSR = 1.26

ISFJ135

2.7% SSR = .15

INFJ71

1.4% SSR = .82

INTJ299

6.0% SSR = 12

ISTP133

2.7% SSR = 1.08

ISFP52

1.0%SSR =.12

INFP82

1.7% SSR = .60

INTP242

4.9% SSR = 4.9

ESTP239

4.8% SSR = 1.27

ESFP95

1.9% SSR = .17

ENFP269

5.4% SSR = .72

ENTP559

11.3% SSR = 5.38

ESTJ1025

20.7% SSR = 2.17

ESFJ268

5.4% SSR = .29

ENFJ230

4.6% SSR = 1.35

ENTJ731

14.7% SSR = 8.64


Females (n = 4,968)

Hugely useful for Putting leadership qualities in context

ENTP Consultant Surgeon,

University of Liverpool

10



Dichotomous pairs

E 3416 68.76% S 2485 50.02% I 1552 31.24% N 2483 49.98%

T 3766 75.81% J 3297 66.36% F 1202 24.19% P 1671 33.64%




SJ 1966 39.57% ET 2554 51.41% SP 519 10.45% EF 862 17.35% NP 1152 23.19% IF 340 6.84% NJ 1331 26.79% IT 1212 24.40% This table represents the distribution of the 16 MBTI types for the 4968 female participants on Ashridge development programmes from 2000 to 2010. They make up 20% of the sample population. Ages range from 21 to 62 and they come from 76 different countries.


ESTJ 20.6% ENTJ 14.7% ENTP 11.3% ISTJ 10.8%

57.4%

11



ISTJn = 3813.8%

SSR = 1.31

ISFJn = 51.8%

SSR = .75

INFJn = 10.4%

SSR = .4

INTJn = 259.0%

SSR = 2.4

ISTPn = 41.4%

SSR = 2.42

ISFPn = 41.4%

SSR = 1.27

INFPn = 00.0%

SSR = 0

INTPn = 155.4%

SSR = 1.54

ESTPn = 259.0%

SSR = 1.23

ESFPn = 41.4%

SSR = .42

ENFPn = 41.4%

SSR = .23

ENTPn = 3713.3%

SSR = 1.22

ESTJn = 6924.8%

SSR = 1.15

ESFJn = 62.2%

SSR = .36

ENFJn = 51.8%

SSR = .45

ENTJn = 3612.9%

SSR = .92


Belgium (n = 278)

MBTI well presented and consistent

ENFP Director of Specialist lines,MMA Insurance Group

12



Dichotomous pairs

E 186 66.91% S 155 55.76% I 92 33.09% N 123 44.24%

T 249 89.57% J 185 66.55% F 29 10.43% P 93 33.45%




SJ 118 42.45% ET 167 60.07% SP 37 13.31% EF 19 6.83% NP 56 20.14% IF 10 3.60% NJ 67 24.10% IT 82 29.50% This table represents the distribution of the 16 MBTI types for the 278 Belgium participants on Ashridge development programmes from 2000 to 2010. They make up 1.2% of the sample population. Ages range from 26 to 58. There were 222 male and 56 female participants.


ESTJ 24.8% ISTJ 13.7% ENTP 13.3% ENTJ 12.9%

64.7%

13



ISTJn = 27012.7%

SSR = 1.02

ISFJn = 120.6%

SSR = .35

INFJn = 70.3%

SSR = .27

INTJn = 1024.7%

SSR = .83

ISTPn = 643.0%

SSR = 1.11

ISFPn = 60.3%

SSR = .43

INFPn = 190.9%

SSR = 2.64

INTPn = 763.6%

SSR = 1.16

ESTPn = 1426.7%

SSR = 1.31

ESFPn = 120.6%

SSR = .35

ENFPn = 653.0%

SSR = .83

ENTPn = 1959.1%

SSR = 1.04

ESTJn = 63930.0%

SSR = 1.20

ESFJn = 391.8%

SSR = .36

ENFJn = 663.1%

SSR = .68

ENTJn = 41819.6%

SSR = 1.07


Germany (n = 2,132)

Fascinating and very useful

ISTP Procurement Officer,Civil Service

14



Dichotomous pairs

E 1576 73.92% S 1184 55.53% I 556 26.08% N 948 44.47%

T 1906 89.40% J 1553 72.84% F 226 10.60% P 579 27.16%




SJ 960 45.03% ET 1394 65.38% SP 224 10.51% EF 182 8.54% NP 355 16.65% IF 44 2.06% NJ 593 27.81% IT 512 24.02% This table represents the distribution of the 16 MBTI types for the 2132 German participants on Ashridge development programmes from 2000 to 2010. They make up 9.4% of the sample population. Ages range from 24 to 77. There were 1881 male and 233 female participants, with 18 participants unspecified.



71.4%

15



ISTJn = 7413.7%

SSR = 1.08

ISFJn = 101.8%

SSR = .46

INFJn = 30.6%

SSR = .31

INTJn = 468.5%

SSR = 1.88

ISTPn = 264.8%

SSR = 1.33

ISFPn = 40.7%

SSR = .41

INFPn = 142.6%

SSR = .92

INTPn = 213.9%

SSR = .82

ESTPn = 478.7%

SSR = 1.58

ESFPn = 81.5%

SSR = .42

ENFPn = 264.7%

SSR = .83

ENTPn = 499.0%

SSR = 1.29

ESTJn = 11421.0%

SSR = .98

ESFJn = 234.2%

SSR = .6

ENFJn = 163.0%

SSR = .73

ENTJn = 6111.3%

SSR = 1.08


France (n = 542)

16



Dichotomous pairs

E 344 63.47% S 306 56.46% I 198 36.53% N 236 43.54%

T 438 80.81% J 347 64.02% F 104 19.19% P 195 35.98%




SJ 221 40.77% ET 271 50.00% SP 85 15.68% EF 73 13.47% NP 110 20.30% IF 31 5.72% NJ 126 23.25% IT 167 30.81% This table represents the distribution of the 16 MBTI types for the 542 French participants on Ashridge development programmes from 2000 to 2010. They make up 2.4% of the sample population. Ages range from 25 to 59. There were 451 male and 91 female participants.


ESTJ 21.0% ISTJ 13.7% ENTJ 11.3% ENTP 9.0%

55%

17



ISTJn = 3813.0%

SSR = .87

ISFJn = 31.0%

SSR = .33

INFJn = 20.7%

SSR = .39

INTJn = 227.5%

SSR = 1.33

ISTPn = 124.1%

SSR = 1.58

ISFPn = 20.7%

SSR = .63

INFPn = 51.7%

SSR = 1.21

INTPn = 103.4%

SSR = .85

ESTPn = 155.1%

SSR = 1.30

ESFPn = 51.7%

SSR = 1.13

ENFPn = 113.8%

SSR = .95

ENTPn = 3110.6%

SSR = 1.68

ESTJn = 6923.5%

SSR = .99

ESFJn = 72.4%

SSR = .4

ENFJn = 72.4%

SSR = .48

ENTJn = 5418.4%

SSR = 1.18


Italy (n = 293)

MBTI is very revealing, and when one reflects, spot on

INFJ Training Officer, Civil Service

18



Dichotomous pairs

E 199 67.92% S 151 51.54% I 94 32.08% N 142 48.46%

T 251 85.67% J 202 68.94% F 42 14.33% P 91 31.06%




SJ 117 39.93% ET 169 57.68% SP 34 11.60% EF 30 10.24% NP 57 19.45% IF 12 4.10% NJ 85 29.01% IT 82 27.99% This table represents the distribution of the 16 MBTI types for the 293 Italian participants on Ashridge development programmes from 2000 to 2010. They make up 1.3% of the sample population. Ages range from 28 to 58. There were 241 male and 46 female participants, with 6 participants unspecified.



65.5%

19



ISTJn = 8116.4%

SSR = 1.43

ISFJn = 153.0%

SSR = .90

INFJn = 81.6%

SSR = .68

INTJn = 244.9%

SSR = 1.02

ISTPn = 173.4%

SSR = 1.09

ISFPn = 40.8%

SSR = .88

INFPn = 51.0%

SSR = .66

INTPn = 336.8%

SSR = 1.7

ESTPn = 326.5%

SSR = 1.03

ESFPn = 81.6%

SSR = .64

ENFPn = 183.7%

SSR = .72

ENTPn = 469.3%

SSR = .99

ESTJn = 11523.3%

SSR = 1.07

ESFJn = 204.0%

SSR = .49

ENFJn = 102.0%

SSR = .43

ENTJn = 5811.7%

SSR = .95


Irish Republic (n = 494)

My MBTI type is a mirror of my true self

ESTJ Operations Maintenace Manager, Shell Nigerian Gas Ltd

20



Dichotomous pairs

E 307 62.15% S 292 59.11% I 187 37.85% N 202 40.89%

T 406 82.19% J 331 67.00% F 88 17.81% P 163 33.00%




SJ 231 46.76% ET 251 50.81% SP 61 12.35% EF 56 11.34% NP 102 20.65% IF 32 6.48% NJ 100 20.24% IT 155 31.38% This table represents the distribution of the 16 MBTI types for the 494 Irish participants on Ashridge development programmes from 2000 to 2010. They make up 2.2% of the sample population. Ages range from 26 to 58. There were 361 male and 119 female participants, with 14 paricipants unspecified.



60.7%

21



ISTJn = 908.7%

SSR = .96

ISFJn = 70.7%

SSR = .24

INFJn = 20.2%

SSR = .25

INTJn = 424.1%

SSR = 1.70

ISTPn = 363.5%

SSR = .87

ISFPn = 60.6%

SSR = .42

INFPn = 151.5%

SSR = .83

INTPn = 484.7%

SSR = 1.20

ESTPn = 10610.4%

SSR = 1.14

ESFPn = 181.8%

SSR = .4

ENFPn = 595.8%

SSR = .73

ENTPn = 19118.7%

SSR = 1.43

ESTJn = 21521.0%

SSR = 1.13

ESFJn = 302.9%

SSR = .41

ENFJn = 161.6%

SSR = .43

ENTJn = 14213.8%

SSR = 1.37


The Netherlands (n = 1,023)

MBTI is very useful for me with very interesting points which I am sure will

be to the benefit of my career

ESTJ Director, Eureko Sigorta

22



Dichotomous pairs

E 777 75.95% S 508 49.66% I 246 24.05% N 515 50.34%

T 870 85.04% J 544 53.18% F 153 14.96% P 479 46.82%




SJ 342 33.43% ET 654 63.93% SP 166 16.23% EF 123 12.02% NP 313 30.60% IF 30 2.93% NJ 202 19.75% IT 216 21.11% This table represents the distribution of the 16 MBTI types for the 1023 Dutch participants on Ashridge development programmes from 2000 to 2010. They make up 4.5% of the sample population. Ages range from 23 to 58. There were 838 male and 185 female participants.


ESTJ 21.0% ENTP 18.7% ENTJ 13.9% ESTP 10.4%

64%

23



ISTJn = 4317.8%

SSR = 1.47

ISFJn = 10.4%

SSR = .4

INFJn = 31.2%

SSR = 2.4

INTJn = 104.1%

SSR = .91

ISTPn = 93.7%

SSR = 1.54

ISFPn = 20.8%

SSR = .4

INFPn = 20.8%

SSR = 1.6

INTPn = 93.7%

SSR = .97

ESTPn = 177.0%

SSR = 1.07

ESFPn = 20.8%

SSR = .88

ENFPn = 41.7%

SSR = 1.21

ENTPn = 208.3%

SSR = .91

ESTJn = 8133.5%

SSR = .91

ESFJn = 41.7%

SSR = .89

ENFJn = 72.9%

SSR = 2.07

ENTJn = 2811.6%

SSR = .65


Spain (n = 242)

24



Dichotomous pairs

E 163 67.36% S 159 65.70% I 79 32.64% N 83 34.30%

T 217 89.67% J 177 73.14% F 25 10.33% P 65 26.86%




SJ 129 53.31% ET 146 60.33% SP 30 12.40% EF 17 7.02% NP 35 14.46% IF 8 3.31% NJ 48 19.83% IT 71 29.34% This table represents the distribution of the 16 MBTI types for the 242 Spanish participants on Ashridge development programmes from 2000 to 2010. They make up 1.1% of the sample population. Ages range from 23 to 58. There were 197 male and 43 female participants, with 2 participants unspecified.



71.2%

25



ISTJn = 6010.2%

SSR = .89

ISFJn = 111.9%

SSR = .28

INFJn = 61.0%

SSR = .41

INTJn = 111.9%

SSR = 1.9

ISTPn = 193.2%

SSR = .58

ISFPn = 40.7%

SSR = .22

INFPn = 61.0%

SSR = .25

INTPn = 203.4%

SSR = 1.06

ESTPn = 589.9%

SSR = 2.2

ESFPn = 111.9%

SSR = .32

ENFPn = 356.0%

SSR = .51

ENTPn = 6611.3%

SSR = 1.9

ESTJn = 12922.0%

SSR = 1.56

ESFJn = 284.8%

SSR = .4

ENFJn = 294.9%

SSR = .81

ENTJn = 9315.9%

SSR = 6.11


Sweden (n = 586)

I found the MBTI remarkably accurate.

It’s given me some very useful insights

INTJ Stroke Rehabilitation Research Fellow,

University of Manchester

26



Dichotomous pairs

E 449 76.62% S 320 54.61% I 137 23.38% N 266 45.39%

T 456 77.82% J 367 62.63% F 130 22.18% P 219 37.37%




SJ 228 38.91% ET 346 59.04% SP 92 15.70% EF 103 17.58% NP 127 21.67% IF 27 4.61% NJ 139 23.72% IT 110 18.77% This table represents the distribution of the 16 MBTI types for the 586 Swedish participants on Ashridge development programmes from 2000 to 2010. They make up 2.6% of the sample population. Ages range from 24 to 63. There were 457 male and 121 female participants, with 8 participants unspecified.



59.4%

27



ISTJn = 173514.6%

SSR = 1.06

ISFJn = 2151.8%

SSR = .14

INFJn = 1251.1%

SSR = .65

INTJn = 9798.2%

SSR = 5.86

ISTPn = 4804.0%

SSR = .62

ISFPn = 810.7%

SSR = .11

INFPn = 1821.5%

SSR = .47

INTPn = 8256.9%

SSR = 2.88

ESTPn = 6185.2%

SSR = 5.2

ESFPn = 1261.1%

SSR = .12

ENFPn = 4273.6%

SSR = .57

ENTPn = 142011.9%

SSR = 4.25

ESTJn = 228819.2%

SSR = 1.85

ESFJn = 3472.9%

SSR = .23

ENFJn = 3102.6%

SSR = .93

ENTJn = 172814.5%

SSR = 5.00


United Kingdom (n = 11,886)

I guessed there would be a MBTI that summed me up

and indeed there was

ISFJ Senior Lecturer,Kings College London

28



Dichotomous pairs

E 7264 61.11% S 5890 49.55% I 4622 38.89% N 5996 50.45%

T 10073 84.75% J 7727 65.01% F 1813 15.25% P 4159 34.99%




SJ 4585 38.57% ET 6054 50.93% SP 1305 10.98% EF 1210 10.18% NP 2854 24.01% IF 603 5.07% NJ 3142 26.43% IT 4019 33.81% This table represents the distribution of the 16 MBTI types for the 11886 UK participants on Ashridge development programmes from 2000 to 2010. They make up 52% of the sample population. Ages range from 20 to 72. There were 8581 male and 3115 female participants, with 190 participants unspecified.



60.2%

29



ISTJn = 14818.9%

SSR = .61

ISFJn = 111.4%

SSR = .10

INFJn = 60.8%

SSR = .53

INTJn = 465.9%

SSR = 2.8

ISTPn = 354.5%

SSR = .88

ISFPn = 30.4%

SSR = .04

INFPn = 91.1%

SSR = .25

INTPn = 344.3%

SSR = 1.3

ESTPn = 405.1%

SSR = 1.18

ESFPn = 111.4%

SSR = .16

ENFPn = 243.1%

SSR = .38

ENTPn = 9311.8%

SSR = 3.7

ESTJn = 17722.5%

SSR = 2.59

ESFJn = 212.7%

SSR = .21

ENFJn = 232.9%

SSR = 1.16

ENTJn = 10413.2%

SSR = 7.33


United States (n = 785)

I found it very accurate and even predicted my

response to stress

INTP Clinical Scientist, University College London

30



Dichotomous pairs

E 493 62.80% S 446 56.82% I 292 37.20% N 339 43.18%

T 677 86.24% J 536 68.28% F 108 13.76% P 249 31.72%




SJ 357 45.48% ET 414 52.74% SP 89 11.34% EF 79 10.06% NP 160 20.38% IF 29 3.69% NJ 179 22.80% IT 263 33.50% This table represents the distribution of the 16 MBTI types for the 785 USA participants on Ashridge development programmes from 2000 to 2010. They make up 3.4% of the sample population. Ages range from 23 to 64. There were 618 male and 154 female participants, with 13 participants unspecified.



66.4%

31



ISTJn = 2722.7%

SSR = 1.66

ISFJn = 10.8%

SSR = .06

INFJn = 00.0%

SSR = 0

INTJn = 86.7%

SSR = 4.79

ISTPn = 108.4%

SSR = 1.31

ISFPn = 10.8%

SSR = .13

INFPn = 32.5%

SSR = .78

INTPn = 86.7%

SSR = 2.75

ESTPn = 75.9%

SSR = 1.01

ESFPn = 32.5%

SSR = .29

ENFPn = 43.4%

SSR = .54

ENTPn = 1310.9%

SSR = 3.89

ESTJn = 2218.5%

SSR = .56

ESFJn = 10.8%

SSR = .06

ENFJn = 21.8%

SSR = .60

ENTJn = 97.6%

SSR = 2.62


Industry sectors: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing (n = 119)

I found the MBTI to be very useful indeed. Hugely insightful and the practical application of the

information was perfect

ESTJ Regional Sales Manager, Friend First Life

Assurance Company Ltd

32



Dichotomous pairs

E 61 51.26% S 72 60.50% I 58 48.74% N 47 39.50%

T 104 87.39% J 70 58.82% F 15 12.61% P 49 41.18%




SJ 51 42.86% ET 51 42.86% SP 21 17.65% EF 10 8.40% NP 28 23.53% IF 5 4.20% NJ 19 15.97% IT 53 44.54% This table represents the distribution of the 16 MBTI types for the 119 participants on Ashridge development programmes from the Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing industries from 2000 to 2010. They make up 0.5% of the sample population. Ages range from 24 to 61. There were 100 male and 19 female participants.


ISTJ 22.7% ESTJ 18.5% ENTP 10.9% ISTP 8.4%

60.5%

33



ISTJn = 19315.0%

SSR = 1.16

ISFJn = 272.1%

SSR = .16

INFJn = 191.5%

SSR = .88

INTJn = 806.2%

SSR = 4.42

ISTPn = 493.8%

SSR = .59

ISFPn = 30.2%

SSR = .03

INFPn = 110.9%

SSR = .28

INTPn = 695.4%

SSR = 2.25

ESTPn = 786.1%

SSR = 1.05

ESFPn = 221.7%

SSR = .19

ENFPn = 372.9%

SSR = .46

ENTPn = 13510.5%

SSR = 3.75

ESTJn = 31024.1%

SSR = 2.31

ESFJn = 362.7%

SSR = .22

ENFJn = 372.9%

SSR = 1.03

ENTJn = 18014.0%

SSR = 4.83


Industry sectors: Energy, Water Suppliers (n = 1,286)

34



Dichotomous pairs

E 835 64.93% S 718 55.83% I 451 35.07% N 568 44.17%

T 1094 85.07% J 882 68.58% F 192 14.93% P 404 31.42%




SJ 566 44.01% ET 703 54.67% SP 152 11.82% EF 132 10.26% NP 252 19.60% IF 60 4.67% NJ 316 24.57% IT 391 30.40% This table represents the distribution of the 16 MBTI types for the 1286 participants on Ashridge development programmes from the Utility industries from 2000 to 2010. They make up 5.6% of the sample population. Ages range from 24 to 61. There were 1092 male and 183 female participants, with 11 participants unspecified.



63.6%

35



ISTJn = 21313.1%

SSR = .96

ISFJn = 241.5%

SSR = .12

INFJn = 130.8%

SSR = .47

INTJn = 925.7%

SSR = 4.07

ISTPn = 563.5%

SSR = .54

ISFPn = 130.8%

SSR = .13

INFPn = 150.9%

SSR = .28

INTPn = 815.0%

SSR = 2.08

ESTPn = 1137.0%

SSR = 1.21

ESFPn = 161.0%

SSR = .11

ENFPn = 533.3%

SSR = .52

ENTPn = 18311.3%

SSR = 4.04

ESTJn = 38523.7%

SSR = 2.28

ESFJn = 442.7%

SSR = .21

ENFJn = 432.6%

SSR = .96

ENTJn = 27817.1%

SSR = 5.89


Industry sectors: Chemical and Pharmaceutical (n = 1,622)

My profile reflects me well, particularly my response

to stressful situations

ENTJ Senior Manager, HSBC Bank Plc

36



Dichotomous pairs

E 1115 68.74% S 864 53.27% I 507 31.26% N 758 46.73%

T 1401 86.37% J 1092 67.32% F 221 13.63% P 530 32.68%




SJ 666 41.06% ET 959 59.12% SP 198 12.21% EF 156 9.62% NP 332 20.47% IF 65 4.01% NJ 426 26.26% IT 442 27.25% This table represents the distribution of the 16 MBTI types for the 1622 participants on Ashridge development programmes from the Chemical and Pharmaceutical industries from 2000 to 2010. They make up 7.1% of the sample population. Ages range from 24 to 63. There were 1270 male and 335 female participants, with 17 unspecified.



65.2%

37



ISTJn = 75513.7%

SSR = 1.01

ISFJn = 440.8%

SSR = .06

INFJn = 250.4%

SSR = .24

INTJn = 3145.6%

SSR = 4.0

ISTPn = 1823.3%

SSR = 5.16

ISFPn = 180.3%

SSR = .04

INFPn = 470.8%

SSR = .25

INTPn = 2374.3%

SSR = 1.80

ESTPn = 3917.0%

SSR = 1.20

ESFPn = 460.8%

SSR = .09

ENFPn = 1803.2%

SSR = .51

ENTPn = 60910.9%

SSR = 3.89

ESTJn = 154127.7%

SSR = 2.66

ESFJn = 1322.4%

SSR = .19

ENFJn = 1212.2%

SSR = .79

ENTJn = 92116.6%

SSR = 5.2


Industry sector: Manufacturing (n = 5,563)

Understanding being an INFP has helped me to realise my own abilities

and understand my interactions and relationships within the team

INFP Store Manager, Long Tall Sally

38



Dichotomous pairs

E 3941 70.84 S 3109 55.89 I 1622 29.16 N 2454 44.11

T 4950 88.98 J 3853 69.26 F 613 11.02 P 1710 30.74


IJ 1138 20.46 TJ 3531 63.47 IP 484 8.70 TP 1419 25.51 EP 1226 22.04 FP 291 5.23 EJ 2715 48.80 FJ 322 5.79

ST 2869 51.57 IN 623 11.20 SF 240 4.31 EN 1831 32.91 NF 373 6.71 IS 999 17.96 NT 2081 37.41 ES 2110 37.93

SJ 2472 44.44 ET 3462 62.23 SP 637 11.45 EF 479 8.61 NP 1073 19.29 IF 134 2.41 NJ 1381 24.82 IT 1488 26.75 This table represents the distribution of the 16 MBTI types for the 5563 participants on Ashridge development programmes from the Manufacturing industries from 2000 to 2010. They make up 24.4% of the sample population. Ages range from 23 to 78. There were 4610 male and 820 female participants, with 133 unspecified.



68.8%

39



ISTJn = 26918.3%

SSR = 1.34

ISFJn = 292.0%

SSR = .16

INFJn = 110.7%

SSR = .41

INTJn = 1278.6%

SSR = 6.14

ISTPn = 684.6%

SSR = .72

ISFPn = 70.5%

SSR = .08

INFPn = 161.1%

SSR = .34

INTPn = 855.8%

SSR = 2.42

ESTPn = 785.3%

SSR = .91

ESFPn = 110.7%

SSR = .08

ENFPn = 422.9%

SSR = .46

ENTPn = 1339.1%

SSR = .30

ESTJn = 34623.6%

SSR = 2.36

ESFJn = 312.1%

SSR = .17

ENFJn = 271.8%

SSR = .64

ENTJn = 18912.9%

SSR = 4.44


Industry sector: Construction (n = 1,469)

40



Dichotomous pairs

E 857 58.34% S 839 57.11% I 612 41.66% N 630 42.89%

T 1295 88.16% J 1029 70.05% F 174 11.84% P 440 29.95%




SJ 675 45.95% ET 746 50.78% SP 164 11.16% EF 111 7.56% NP 276 18.79% IF 63 4.29% NJ 354 24.10% IT 549 37.37% This table represents the distribution of the 16 MBTI types for the 1469 participants on Ashridge development programmes from the Construction industries from 2000 to 2010. They make up 6.4 % of the sample population. Ages range from 24 to 64. There were 1309 male and 150 female participants, with 10 participants unspecified.



63.9%

41



ISTJn = 3014.8%

SSR = 1.09

ISFJn = 21.0%

SSR = .07

INFJn = 00.0%

SSR = 0

INTJn = 94.5%

SSR = 3.21

ISTPn = 94.5%

SSR = .70

ISFPn = 00.0%

SSR = 0

INFPn = 10.5%

SSR = .16

INTPn = 199.4%

SSR = 3.92

ESTPn = 73.5%

SSR = 1.66

ESFPn = 00.0%

SSR = 0

ENFPn = 42.0%

SSR = .32

ENTPn = 3617.7%

SSR = 6.36

ESTJn = 4522.3%

SSR = 2.14

ESFJn = 31.5%

SSR = .12

ENFJn = 21.0%

SSR = .36

ENTJn = 3517.3%

SSR = 5.97


Industry sector: Retail (n = 202)

42



Dichotomous pairs

E 132 65.35% S 96 47.52% I 70 34.65% N 106 52.48%

T 190 94.06% J 126 62.38% F 12 5.94% P 76 37.62%




SJ 80 39.60% ET 123 60.89% SP 16 7.92% EF 9 4.46% NP 60 29.70% IF 3 1.49% NJ 46 22.77% IT 67 33.17% This table represents the distribution of the 16 MBTI types for the 202 participants on Ashridge development programmes from the Retailing industry from 2000 to 2010. They make up .89% of the sample population. Ages range from 27 to 57. There were 153 male and 48 female participants and 1 participant unspecified.


ESTJ 22.3% ENTP 17.8% ENTJ 17.3% ISTJ 14.9%

72.3%

43



ISTJn = 20912.3%

SSR = .89

ISFJn = 201.2%

SSR = .09

INFJn = 70.4%

SSR = .23

INTJn = 1126.6%

SSR = 4.71

ISTPn = 633.7%

SSR = .59

ISFPn = 90.5%

SSR = .08

INFPn = 291.7%

SSR = .53

INTPn = 814.8%

SSR = 2.00

ESTPn = 1166.8%

SSR = 1.17

ESFPn = 271.6%

SSR = .18

ENFPn = 673.9%

SSR = .61

ENTPn = 20812.2%

SSR = 4.36

ESTJn = 42124.8%

SSR = 2.39

ESFJn = 402.4%

SSR = .19

ENFJn = 392.3%

SSR = .82

ENTJn = 25114.8%

SSR = 5.10


Industry sectors: Transport, Communications (n = 1699)

MBTI is a very powerful tool to make transparent the different

behaviours of team members

ESFJ General Manager,EUREKO

44



Dichotomous pairs

E 1169 68.81% S 905 53.27% I 530 31.19% N 794 46.73%

T 1461 85.99% J 1099 64.69% F 238 14.01% P 600 35.31%




SJ 690 40.61% ET 996 58.62% SP 215 12.65% EF 173 10.18% NP 385 22.66% IF 65 3.83% NJ 409 24.07% IT 465 27.37% This table represents the distribution of the 16 MBTI types for the 1699 participants on Ashridge development programmes from the Transport and Communications industries from 2000 to 2010. They make up 7.5% of the sample population. Ages range from 24 to 59. There were 1397 male and 282 female participants, with 20 participants unspecified.



64.1%

45



ISTJn = 28413.9%

SSR = 1.01

ISFJn = 371.8%

SSR = .14

INFJn = 190.9%

SSR = .53

INTJn = 1376.7%

SSR = 4.79

ISTPn = 904.4%

SSR = .69

ISFPn = 110.5%

SSR = .08

INFPn = 231.1%

SSR = .34

INTPn = 1215.9%

SSR = 2.46

ESTPn = 1326.4%

SSR = 1.10

ESFPn = 321.6%

SSR = .18

ENFPn = 763.7%

SSR = .59

ENTPn = 23711.6%

SSR = .24

ESTJn = 46422.7%

SSR = 2.17

ESFJn = 623.0%

SSR = .24

ENFJn = 482.3%

SSR = .82

ENTJn = 27713.5%

SSR = 4.66


Industry sectors: Finance, Banking, Insurance (n = 2050)

Fascinating insight into personality types

ISFP Marketing Manager,Pharmaceutical Co

46



Dichotomous pairs

E 1328 64.78% S 1112 54.24% I 722 35.22% N 938 45.76%

T 1742 84.98% J 1328 64.78% F 308 15.02% P 722 35.22%




SJ 847 41.32% ET 1110 54.15% SP 265 12.93% EF 218 10.63% NP 457 22.29% IF 90 4.39% NJ 481 23.46% IT 632 30.83% This table represents the distribution of the 16 MBTI types for the 2050 participants on Ashridge development programmes from the Finance, Banking and Insurance industries from 2000 to 2010. They make up 9% of the sample population. Ages range from 23 to 63. There were 1563 male and 438 female participants, with 49 participants unspecified.



61.6%

47



ISTJn = 16411.3%

SSR = .82

ISFJn = 241.7%

SSR = .13

INFJn = 70.5%

SSR = .29

INTJn = 906.2%

SSR = 4.43

ISTPn = 513.5%

SSR = .55

ISFPn = 110.8%

SSR = .13

INFPn = 211.5%

SSR = .47

INTPn = 795.5%

SSR = 2.29

ESTPn = 946.5%

SSR = 1.12

ESFPn = 130.9%

SSR = .10

ENFPn = 674.6%

SSR = .73

ENTPn = 19213.3%

SSR = 4.75

ESTJn = 28920.0%

SSR = 1.92

ESFJn = 523.6%

SSR = 2.86

ENFJn = 573.9%

SSR = 1.39

ENTJn = 23416.2%

SSR = 5.59


Industry sectors: Publishing, Entertainment, Leisure (n = 1445)

48



Dichotomous pairs

E 998 69.07% S 698 48.30% I 447 30.93% N 747 51.70%

T 1193 82.56% J 917 63.46% F 252 17.44% P 528 36.54%




SJ 529 36.61% ET 809 55.99% SP 169 11.70% EF 189 13.08% NP 359 24.84% IF 63 4.36% NJ 388 26.85% IT 384 26.57% This table represents the distribution of the 16 MBTI types for the 1445 participants on Ashridge development programmes from the Publishing, Entertainment and Leisure industries from 2000 to 2010. They make up 6.3% of the sample population. Ages range from 21 to 61. There were 975 male and 452 female participants, with 18 participants unspecified.



60.8%

49



ISTJn = 90415.9%

SSR = 1.16

ISFJn = 1262.2%

SSR = .17

INFJn = 721.3%

SSR = .76

INTJn = 5319.3%

SSR= 6.64

ISTPn = 2284.0%

SSR = .63

ISFPn = 450.8%

SSR = .13

INFPn = 981.7%

SSR = .53

INTPn = 3846.7%

SSR = 2.79

ESTPn = 2634.6%

SSR = .79

ESFPn = 661.2%

SSR = .13

ENFPn = 2053.6%

SSR = .57

ENTPn = 63911.2%

SSR = .25

ESTJn = 101117.7%

SSR = 1.70

ESFJn = 1893.3%

SSR = .26

ENFJn = 1512.6%

SSR = .93

ENTJn = 79013.9%

SSR = 4.79


Industry sector: Public Sector (n = 5702)

Having completed MBTT assessment 3 times, I found it reassuring to know that I have been consistent in my result and I feel it is a very accurate

reflection of my prefence

ENFJ Innovation Manager,E. ON UK Plc

50



Dichotomous pairs

E 3314 58.12% S 2832 49.67% I 2388 41.88% N 2870 50.33%

T 4750 83.30% J 3774 66.19% F 952 16.70% P 1928 33.81%




SJ 2230 39.11% ET 2703 47.40% SP 602 10.56% EF 611 10.72% NP 1326 23.25% IF 341 5.98% NJ 1544 27.08% IT 2047 35.90% This table represents the distribution of the 16 MBTI types for the 5702 participants on Ashridge development programmes from Public Sector industries from 2000 to 2010. They make up 25% of the sample population. Ages range from 21 to 64. There were 3757 male and 1789 female participants, with 156 participants unspecified.



58.7%

51



© Ashridge

First edition 2004Updated January 2011

All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of Ashridge.

ISBN 0903542 51X

Ashridge, Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire HP4 1NS, UK

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