Meaningful Structure of the Five Books of Moses

of the Covenant

Leviticus 26-27 Blessings & Cursings

Levit-icus 16Day of Atonement

Israel to Mt. SinaiExodus 1-19

Israel to CanaanNumbers 1-34

Leviticus 1-15>

Exodus 25-40> <Leviticus 17-25

Genesis 1-50 Deuteronomy 1-34

TORAH WHEN?

WHAT?

WHAT?

WHAT?Exodus 19-24Ten Words + Book

WH

Y? W

HY?

WH

O?

HO

W?

WH

O?

HO

W?

WH

EN

?W

HE

RE

?

Day of Atonements

Why?

What?

Who?

How?

Leviticus 16

Lev 11-15 unclean be holy - Lev 17-20

priests kept holy - Lev 21

Lev 1-7 offerings

Where?

holy sacrifice - Lev 22

Interlude – apostasy

Exo 35-40 Tabernacle built

Where?

Exo 32-34Golden

Calf

Lev 24The

Blasphemer

Exo 25-31Tabernacle planned

holy sabbaths - Lev 25

Holy times - feasts Lev 23When?

When?

Lev 8-10 priests ordained

7When?

Sabbaths

Old Testament Shadows

of New Testament

Realities

7The number

SEVEN

Intervals of SEVEN

and

evidence > > >

figure prominently in the Bible

in the Old Testamentand especially

in the books of Moses

0 200 400 600 800

Moses

OT

Bible

thousand

hundred

forty

twenty

ten

nine

eight

seven

six

five

four

three

two

occurances of numbers

prominence of number

7

number of occurances

3

2

2

1000/100

1000/1002

3

10

10

all other intervals of time are set by the heavenly

bodiesGenesis 1:14 And God said, "Let there be lights in the expanse of the sky to separate the day from the night, and let them serve as signs to mark seasons and days and years…

the 7-day week isNOT one of them

all known origins of the 7-day week are traced back to the Hebrews

People of Mesopotamia had a "shabattu" observation on the full moon, "a day of pacification of the heart of the gods."

Mesopotamians had "evil" days on the 7th, 14th, 19th, 21st, and 28th of the month on which certain activities were restricted.

Romans had a market day every eight days.

a 365-day year was divided into seven 50's (seven weeks plus a feast) with a seven-day feast in spring and another in fall, plus New Year's day. (NOTE: a theory with no evidence)

Egypt had weeks of 10 days and months of 30 days in three seasons.

Human theories on the phenomenon of the 7-day week . . .

. . . rather, these and similar suggestions are evidence of spiritual "devolution"

1234567Genesis 2:1-3 Thus the heavens and the

earth were completed in all their vast array. By the seventh day God had finished the work he had been doing; so on the seventh day he rested from all his work. And God blessed the seventh day and made it holy, because on it he rested from all the work of creating that he had done.

God's explanation for the origin of the week is revealed in Scripture

7Exodus 20:9-11 Six days you shall labor and do all your work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the LORD your God. For in six days the LORD made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, but he rested on the seventh day. Therefore the LORD blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy.

the work week and the Creation week are

directly compared in the Third Commandment

Genesis 1:5,8,13, 19,23,31 "And there

was evening,* and there was

morning**-- the first day. . .

…the second day.

the third day.

the fourth day.

the fifth day.

the sixth day."

(*going of light)

(**coming of light)

Therefore, Creation days were of normal length …

… and do not refer to eons of time

In Hebrew grammar the mention of 2nd, 3rd 4th etc. after 1st means

that all numbered items are equal to each other in all

respects.

Genesis 2:3 And God blessed the seventh day and made it holy, because on it he rested from all the work of creating that he had done.

When God's work week was over, he rested.

God commanded Israel to do the same.

Exodus 20:9,10 . . .Six days you shall labor and do all your work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the LORD your God. On it you shall not do any work, neither you, nor your son or daughter, nor your manservant or maidservant, nor your animals, nor the alien within your gates.

Sabbath means "to desist from work"

When God rested, what did He do?

God's initial "work" did not make him

tired

Isaiah 40:28 The LORD is the everlasting God, the Creator of the ends of the earth. He will not grow tired or weary, and his understanding no one can fathom.

God was "at rest" when

all was very good.

The corruption of sin has robbed Creation and

human beings of rest.

Romans 8:19-22 For the creation was subjected to frustration, not by its own choice, but by the will of the one who subjected it, in hope that the creation itself will be liberated from its bondage to decay and brought into the glorious freedom of the children of God. We know that the whole creation has been groaning as in the pains of childbirth right up to the present time.

Creation subject to DECAY!

God now works for our

salvation.Psalm 62:5-7 Find rest, O my soul, in God alone; my hope comes from him. He alone is my rock and my salvation; he is my fortress, I will not be shaken. My salvation and my honor depend on God; he is my mighty rock, my refuge.

OT

NT

.

Romans 8:28 And we know that in all things God works

for the good of those who love him, who have been called according to his purpose.

Matthew 11:25,28,29 Jesus said…Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls.

Rest in Christ now

Revelation 14:13 Then I heard a voice from heaven say,…

"Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord

from now on." "Yes,"

says the Spirit, "they will rest

from their labor…

Rest in Christ

forever

but special days began at sunset

Leviticus 23:27,32 …"The tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement… From the evening of the ninth day of the month until the following evening you are to observe your sabbath."

Each day ended with the rest of sleep

Days were counted according to light periods.

Exodus 29:38,39 This is what you are to offer on the altar regularly each day: two lambs a year old. Offer one in the morning and the other at twilight.

Days began and ended with a lamb

sacrifice

7Deuteronomy 5:13-15 Six days you shall labor and do all your work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the LORD your God. Therefore the LORD your God has commanded you to observe the Sabbath day.

Weeks ended with a full day of rest.

Exodus 20:8,11 [at Mt. Sinai] Remember the Sabbath day by keeping it holy. For in six days the LORD made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, but he rested on the seventh day.

Deuteronomy 5:12,15 [at Mt. Nebo] Observe the Sabbath day by keeping it holy. Remember that you were slaves in Egypt and that the LORD your God brought you out of there with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm.

Why remember?

Why observe?

I AM Creator

I AM Savior

Exodus 20:10 On it you shall not do any work, neither you, nor your

son or daughter, nor your manservant or

maidservant, nor your animals, nor the alien within

your gates.

Deuteronomy 5:14 On it you shall not do any work, neither you, nor your son or daughter, nor your manservant or maidservant, nor your ox, your donkey or any of your animals, nor the alien within your gates, so that your manservant and maidservant may rest, as you do.

EVERYONE was included

Exodus 16:26-27 Six days you are to gather it, but on the seventh day, the Sabbath, there will not be any.“ Nevertheless, some of the people went out on the seventh day to gather it, but they found none.

The first recorded Sabbath observance was connected with the giving of manna.

Matthew 15:3,6 Jesus replied, "And why do you break the command of God for the sake of your tradition? [by so doing] you nullify the word of God for the sake of your tradition.

39 ways to break the

weekly Sabbath

according to the Pharisees

Beating wool Dyeing woolSpinningWeavingMaking 2 loopsWeaving 2 threadSeparating 2 threadsTyingUntyingSewing 2 stitchesTearingTrappingSlaughtering

SowingPlowingReapingBinding sheavesThreshingWinnowingSelectingGrindingSiftingKneadingBakingShearing wool Washing wool

FlayingSalting meatCuring hideScraping hideCutting hide upWriting 2 lettersErasing 2 lettersBuildingTearing downExtinguishing fireKindling fireHitting with a hammerMoving an object from private to public

Exodus 35:3 > > > don't make fireExodus 16:29 > > > don't leaving one's place

Exodus 20:10 & Deuteronomy 5:14 > > > do no work

Jeremiah 17:22 > > > don't bring a load out of your house

Mark 2:27-28 Then he said to them, "The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath. So the Son of

Man is Lord evenof the Sabbath."

Colossians 2:16 Therefore do not

let anyone judge you by

what you eat or drink, or with regard

to a religious festival, a New Moon

celebration or a Sabbath day.

These are a shadow of the

things that were to come; the

reality, however, is found in

Christ.

Leviticus 23:37 These are the LORD's appointed feasts, which you are to proclaim as sacred assemblies for bringing offerings made to the LORD by fire-- the burnt offerings and grain offerings, sacrifices and drink offerings required for each day.

"sacred assemblies"

Leviticus 23 lines up the year's holy Sabbaths

Leviticus 23:4-8 These are the LORD's appointed feasts, the sacred assemblies you are to proclaim at their appointed times: The LORD's

[1] Passover begins at twilight on the fourteenth day of the first month. On the fifteenth day of that month the LORD's Feast of Unleavened Bread begins; for seven days you must eat bread made without yeast. On the first day hold a sacred assembly and do no regular work. For seven days present an offering made to the LORD by fire. And on the

[2] seventh day [of the Feast of Unleavened Bread] hold a sacred assembly and do no regular work.'"

#1 – the Passover

#2 – the last day of

the Feast ofUnleavened

Bread

Leviticus 23:15,16,21 From the day after the Sabbath, the day you brought the sheaf of the wave offering, count off seven full weeks. Count off fifty days up to the day after the seventh Sabbath, and then present an offering of new grain to the

LORD. [3] On that same day you are to proclaim a sacred assembly and do no regular work. This is to be a lasting ordinance for the generations to come, wherever you live.

#3 – the Harvest is marked bycounting offSEVEN weeksfrom Passover weeks-- the day after (50th) beingPentecost

Leviticus 23:23-25The LORD said to Moses, "Say to the

Israelites: 'On the [4] first day of the seventh month you are to have a day of rest, a sacred assembly commemorated with trumpet blasts. Do no regular work, but present an offering made to the LORD by fire.'"

#4 – the blowing of TRUMPETSon the 1st day of theSEVENTHmonth

Leviticus 23:26-29,32 The LORD said to Moses, "The tenth day of this seventh month

is the [5] Day of Atonement. Hold a sacred assembly and deny yourselves, and present an offering made to the LORD by fire. Do no work on that day, because it is the Day of Atonement, when atonement is made for you before the LORD your God. Anyone who does not deny himself on that day must be cut off from his people. I will destroy from among his people anyone who does any work on that day . . . From the evening of the ninth day of the month until the following evening you are to observe your sabbath."

#5 –

the Day of Atone-ments

Leviticus 23:33,34,39,41 "Say to the Israelites: 'On the fifteenth day of the seventh month the LORD's Feast of Tabernacles begins, and it lasts for seven days. "'So do no regular work…beginning with the fifteenth day of the seventh month, after you have gathered the crops of the land, celebrate the festival to the

LORD for seven days; the [6] first day is a day of rest,

and the [7] eighth day also is a day of rest…

#6 – the 1st day of the Feast of Tabernacles

#7 – the last day of the Feast – the 8th day

Time of Reaping

Time of Gathering

PassoverUnleavened Bread

(7th day)after Seven Weeks

Trumpets

Day of Atonement

Tabernacles

Eternal ERA of CHURCH

TRIUMPHANT

This worldly ERA of CHURCH MILITANT

(1st and 8th days)

SEVEN annual "holy Sabbath" assemblies

Exodus 23:10,11 For six years you are to sow your fields and harvest the crops, but during the seventh year let the land lie unplowed and unused. Then the poor among your people may get food from it, and the wild animals may eat what they leave. Do the same with your vineyard and your olive grove.

Every SEVENTH year is a Sabbath

for the LANDand those who use it

HEBREW: Shmittah

Leviticus 25:6,7 Whatever the land yields during the sabbath year will be food for you-- for yourself, your manservant and maidservant, and the hired worker and temporary resident who live among you, as well as for your livestock and the wild animals in your land. Whatever the land produces may be eaten. HEBREW: Shmittah

Leviticus 25:4-6• Do not sow• Do not prune• Do not reap• Do not harvestWhatever the land yields during the sabbath year will be food…whatever the land produces may be eaten.

Leviticus 25:8,9 Count off seven sabbaths of years-- seven times seven years-- so that the seven sabbaths of years amount to a period of forty-nine years. Then have the trumpet sounded everywhere on the tenth day of the seventh month; on the Day of Atonement sound the trumpet throughout your land.

Every FIFTIETH

YEARa Jubilee Sabbath

Leviticus 25:10,11 Consecrate the fiftieth year and proclaim liberty throughout the land to all its inhabitants. It shall be a jubilee for you; each one of you is to return to his family property and each to his own clan. The fiftieth year shall be a jubilee for you; do not sow and do not reap what grows of itself or harvest the untended vines.

Every FIFTIETH

YEARa Jubilee Sabbath

slaves

set

free

debts forgiven

land

retu

rned

Sabbathcycles

rest within the day

rest at the end of the week

rest after the grain harvest

rest at the turn of the year

rest in each stage of life

rest in a whole lifetime

the EVENING > > > > > > > > > > >

the seventh DAY > > > > > > > > > >

Day after seven WEEKS > > > > > >

Seventh MONTH > > > > > > > > >

Seventh YEAR > > > > > > > > > > >

Year after seven WEEKS OF YEARS = JUBILEE (50th year) > > > > > > >

Isaiah 37:30-32 This will be the sign for you, O Hezekiah: This year you will eat what grows by itself, and the second year what springs from that. But in the third year sow and reap, plant vineyards and eat their fruit. Once more a remnant of the house of Judah will take root below and bear fruit above. For out of Jerusalem will come a remnant, and out of Mount Zion a band of survivors. The zeal of the LORD Almighty will accomplish this.

future

reality

Isaiah 61:1,2. . .The Spirit of the Sovereign LORD is on me, because the LORD has anointed me to preach good news to the poor. He has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim freedom for the captives and release from darkness for the prisoners, to proclaim the year of the LORD's favor …

Luke 4:17-19 The scroll of the prophet Isaiah was handed to him [Jesus]. Unrolling it, he found the place where it is written: "The Spirit of the Lord is on me, because he has anointed me to preach good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim freedom for the prisoners and recovery of sight for the blind, to release the oppressed, to proclaim the year of the Lord's favor."

realityfuture

Hebrews 4:9-12 There remains, then, a Sabbath-rest for the people of God; for anyone who enters God's rest also rests from his own work, just as God did from his. Let us, therefore, make every effort to enter that rest, so that no one will fall by following their example of disobedience. For the word of God is living and active. Sharper than any double-edged sword, it penetrates even to dividing soul and spirit, joints and marrow; it judges the thoughts and attitudes of the heart.

reality

future

Exodus 32-34

Golden Calf

Between the "where" of the planning the Tabernacle and the "when" of building of the

Tabernacle

Where?

Day of Atonements

Why?

What?

Who?

How?

Leviticus 16

Lev 11-15 unclean be holy - Lev 17-20

priests kept holy - Lev 21

Lev 1-7 offerings holy sacrifice - Lev 22

Interlude – apostasy

Exo 35-40 Tabernacle built

Where?

Exo 32-34Golden

Calf

Lev 24The

Blasphemer

Exo 25-31Tabernacle planned

Holy sabbaths - Lev 25

Holy times - feasts Lev 23When?

When?

Lev 8-10 priests ordained

Exodus 24:3 "Everything the LORD has said we will do."

Exodus 32:1-2 "Come, make us gods who will go before us. As for this fellow Moses who brought us up out of Egypt, we don't know what has happened to him." Aaron answered them, "Take off the gold earrings that your wives, your sons and your daughters are wearing, and bring them to me."

Exodus 32:5 When Aaron saw this, he built an altar in front of the calf and announced, "Tomorrow there will be a festival to the LORD."

Exodus 32:6 So the next day the people rose early and sacrificed burnt offerings and presented fellowship offerings. Afterward they sat down to eat and drink and got up to indulge in revelry.

Exodus 32:10Now leave me alone so that my anger may burn against them and that I may destroy them. Then I will make

you into a great nation."

Exodus 32:19 When Moses approached the camp and saw the calf and the dancing, his anger burned and he threw the tablets out of his hands, breaking them to pieces at the foot of the mountain.

// 民 5:11-31

Exodus 32:20And he took the calf they had made and burned it in the fire; then he ground it to powder, scattered it on the water and made the Israelites drink it.

Exodus 32:2 。 So he stood at the entrance to the camp and said, "Whoever is for the LORD, come to me." And all the Levites rallied to him.

Exodus 32:28 The Levites did as Moses commanded, and that day about three thousand of the people died.

Exodus 32:22"You know how prone these people are to evil.

Exodus 7:1Your brother Aaron will be your prophet.

Exodus 32:24 Then they gave me [Aaron] the gold, and I threw it into the fire, and out came this calf!"

Exodus 32:33 The LORD replied to Moses, "Whoever has sinned against me I will blot out of my book.

Exodus 32:34 Now go, lead the people to the place I spoke of, and my angel will go before you. However, when the time comes for me to punish, I will punish them for their sin."

X

Exodus 32:11 But Moses sought the favor of the LORD his God. "O LORD," he said, "why should your anger burn against your people, whom you brought out of Egypt with great power and a mighty hand?

Exodus 32:32 But now, please forgive their sin-- but if not, then blot me out of the book you have written."

Exodus 32:12-13 Turn from your fierce anger; relent and do not bring disaster on your people. Remember your servants Abraham, Isaac and Israel, to whom you swore by your own self: 'I will make your descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky and I will give your descendants all this land I promised them, and it will be their inheritance forever.

~xr

• 34x in OT• never of “sin”• always of “consequence”• always the balance of justice and love• intercession leads to alternate result

Exodus 32:14 Then the LORD relented and did not bring on his people the disaster he had threatened.

Exodus 33:3,20,23 But I will not go with you, because you are a stiff-necked people and I might destroy you on the way." . . . But," he said, "you cannot see my face, for no one may see me and live.“ . . . Then I will remove my hand and you will see my back; but my face must not be seen."

Exodus 34:4 So Moses chiseled out two stone tablets like the first ones and went up Mount Sinai early in the morning, as the LORD had commanded him; and he carried the two stone tablets in his hands.

Exodus 34:9-10 "O Lord, if I have found favor in your eyes," he said, "then let the Lord go with us. Although this is a stiff-necked people, forgive our wickedness and our sin, and take us as your inheritance." . . . Then the LORD said: "I am making a covenant with you. Before all your people I will do wonders never before done in any nation in all the world. The people you live among will see how awesome is the work that I, the LORD, will do for you.

Exodus 33:13 If you are pleased with me, teach me your ways so I may know you and continue to find favor with you. Remember that this nation is your people."

Exodus 33:18 Then Moses said, "Now show me your glory."

a

b

Exodus 33:19 And the LORD said, "I will cause all my goodness to pass in front of you, and I will proclaim my name, the LORD, in your presence. I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion.

Exodus 34:14 The LORD replied, "My Presence will go with you, and I will give you rest."

A

B

hw"åhy> hw"ëhy>

laeî ~Wxßr:

!WN=x;w> ~yIP:ßa;

%r<a,î

ds,x,î-br:w>

tm,(a/w< ~ypiêl'a]l'

‘ds,x,’ rcEïnO !wO°[' afeînO

[v;p,Þw" ha'_J'x;w> hQ,ên:y>

al{å ‘hQen:w>

"The LORD,

the LORD,

God,

the compassionate

and gracious

slow to anger,

abounding in love

and faithfulness,

maintaining love to thousands,

and forgiving wickedness,

rebellion

and sin.

[Cleansing, he does not leave cleansed]

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

the guilty; he punishes the children and their children for the sin of the fathers to the third and fourth generation."

~ynIB'-l[; tAbªa' !wOæ[]

dqEåPo ~ynIëb'

ynEåB.-l[;w>`~y[i(BerI-

l[;w> ~yviÞLevi-l[;

Exodus 34:6-7 – The Thirteen Attributes of God

middle middle

1 No treaty2 No idols3 No intermarriage

1 Exodus 34:12 Be careful not to make a treaty with those who live in the land where you are going…

2 Exodus 34:14 Do not worship any other god, for the LORD, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God.

3 Exodus 34:16 And when you choose some of their daughters as wives for your sons and those daughters prostitute themselves to their gods, they will lead your sons to do the same.

Exodus 34:10b The people you live among will see how awesome is the work that I the LORD will do for you

THEREFORE > > > > >

↓

• No cast idols• Celebrate 3 pilgrim

festivals• Firstborn belong to the

Lord• Keep the Sabbath• Don’t mix blood and

yeast• Bring the first and best• Don’t cook a kid in its

mother’s milk

Review/Renew the CovenantExodus 34:17-26

Exodus 34:29 When Moses came down from Mount Sinai with the two tablets of the Testimony in his hands, he was not aware that his face was radiant because he had spoken with the LORD.

2 Corinthians 4:6 For God, who said, "Let light shine out of darkness," made his light shine in our hearts to give us the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Christ.

2 Corinthians 3:13 We are not like Moses, who would put a veil over his face to keep the Israelites from gazing at it while the radiance was fading away.

Leviticus 24

Blasphemy

Between the "when" of the Feasts and the "when" of the Sabbaths

The son of the Israelite woman blasphemed the Name with a curse…and a fight broke out in the camp between him and an Israelite.

Leviticus 24:10,11Now the son of an Israelite mother

and an Egyptian father went out among the Israelites, and a fight broke out in the camp between

him and an Israelite.The son of the Israelite woman blasphemed the Name with a

curse.

Leviticus 24:16 Whether foreigner or native-born, when they blaspheme the Name they are to be put to death… and they took the blasphemer outside the camp and stoned him.

1 John 2:22 Who is the liar? It is whoever deniesthat Jesus is the Christ.

Such a personis the

antichrist

blasphemy

rejoicing eternal rest

X X

Nebraska DistrictPastors’ Institute

Beautiful Savior LutheranTopeka, Kansas

“Making Christo-centric Sense of the Torah”

John C. LawrenzApril 14 & 15, 2015

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