Media, public opinion,and public policy

The public in public opinion

The public in public opinion

The public in public opinion

The public in public opinion

The media’s position

What kind of media do wewant?

• “Under the law,broadcasters, who holdvaluable licenses to use thepublic's airwaves, areconsidered public trustees. Ithought, and still do, thatresponsible worldwidenetwork news coverage,which is costly, is anobligation to be borne by thenetwork broadcasters as aloss leader if need be.”Lawrence K. Grossman ,http://www.asne.org/index.cfm?ID=888http://www.asne.org/ideas/codes/sanjosemercurynews.htm

What kind of media do wewant?

• "That Amendment rests on the assumption that the widest possible dissemination of information from diverse and antagonistic sources is essential to the welfare of the public, that a free press is a condition of a free society. Surely a command that the government itself shall not impede the free flow of ideas does not afford nongovernmental combinations a refuge if they impose restraints upon that constitutionally guaranteed freedom. Freedom to publish means freedom for all, and not for some. Freedom to publish is guaranteed by the Constitution, but freedom to combine to keep others from publishing is not. Freedom of the press from governmental interference under the First Amendment does not sanction repression of that freedom by private interests.” Associated Press v. United States No. 57 Argued December 5, 6, 1944 Decided June 18, 1945

What kind of media do wewant?

• “We demand zero tolerance of violence against journalists and press freedom. But today more subtle threats to freedom of expression come from within media as a result of media concentration, globalization and a culture of greed within the industry.” International Federation of Journalists, May 2001

• http://www.democraticmedia.org/issues/mediaownership/chart.html

What kind of media do wehave?

• http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/publications/reports/1999/top10.shtml

• http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/media/julydec99/uncovered_news_12-27.html

• http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=21206

• http://www.journalismjobs.com/ownership.cfm• http://www.democraticmedia.org/resources/filings/TVCon

centration.html

Blurring boundaries in themedia

• “Welch's priorities were entirely different. He made it clear that he would judge NBC News no differently than any other GE division. News would be expected to make the same profit margins they did. Welch was disdainful of any other approach. The news division, he said, had no greater obligation to provide public service than those GE lines that manufacture refrigerators, light bulbs, or jet engines. For Welch, as one critic put it, the financial perspective was the only one that mattered. That tunnel vision helped produce an era of network news that focused more on nonfiction entertainment than on the information citizens need about a dangerous and vulnerable world.” Lawrence K. Grossman , a former president of NBC News and PBS http://www.cjr.org/year/02/1/grossman.asp

Blurring boundaries in themedia

• “The new boys in town -- the Disneys, the Warners, the GEs -- the news divisions are cash cows, but in order to make money, they have to bring large numbers of people into the tent. And the fact of the matter is that humanitarian stories, foreign stories, are not of great appeal to most American viewers and readers. They don't get the ratings and therefore they don't get much attention.” Barrie Dunsmore, Journalist

• http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/media/july-dec99/uncovered_news_12-27.html

Brent Spar: blurring boundaries in the media

• http://archive.greenpeace.org/~comms/vrml/rw/text/def/brent.html

• http://archive.greenpeace.org/~comms/brent/apr30d.html

• http://www.ee/lists/infoterra/1995/06/0057.html

• http://archive.greenpeace.org/~comms/brent/poll.html

Blurring boundaries in the media

• http://www.demon.co.uk/eurojournalism/storywk.html#brent

• http://society.guardian.co.uk/givinglist/story/0,10994,579454,00.html

• http://www.flipside.org/vol1/oct98/oc98w609.htm

• http://www.esemag.com/0197/0197ed.html

• http://archive.greenpeace.org/~comms/photos/photo01.html

Questions

• What is the character of the media?

• Are all preferences created equal?

• Will new technologies compromise or contribute to democracy?