Medical Immunology Department of Immunology Yiwei Chu [email protected] 2010-4-19

Medical ImmunologyDepartment of Immunology

Yiwei Chu

[email protected]

2010-4-19

Department of Immunology

Medical Immunology

One of the six-year undergraduate professional

courses

Overview of the immune system, immune response

and regulation, immune diseases

Basic immunological theory (theory course)

Immunochemical and cellular techniques

(experimental course)


Textbook

Textbook: Cellular and Molecular Immunology

(Fifth Edition), Abul K. Abbas,

Andrew H. Lichtman

Reference: Immunobiology (Sixth Edition),

Charles A Janeway

Credit: Comprehensive evaluation combining the

theory examination and the experimental report



Established in the autumn of 1987, one of the first

University Departments in the world devoted

specifically to the study of the immune system. (Yale,

in 1988)

A strong team with rich experiences in teaching and

research



Rui He

Xiaowu HongQing Lu

Bo Gao

Wei Xu

Yiwei Chu

Haifeng Gao

Yunlu Lin


Chapter 1

General Properties of Immune

Responses


Content

1. History of Immunology1. History of Immunology

2. Innate and Adaptive Immunity2. Innate and Adaptive Immunity

3. Adaptive Immune Responses3. Adaptive Immune Responses


IMMUNITY ←← IMMUNIS (EXEMPT)

Derived from the Latin word

Protection from legal prosecution

Now, in medical terms, it denotes resistance

to reinfection/free of disease.

History of Immunology


Plague of Athens

“Yet it was with those who had recovered from the disease that the sick and the dying found most compassion. These knew what it was from experience, and had now no fear for themselves; for the same man was never attacked twice - never at least fatally”

Resistance to re-infection-Immunity


Thucydides (430 BC)


IMMUNITY ---protection from disease (infectious disease)

IMMUNE SYSTEM --- organ, cell, molecule and gene

IMMUNE RESPNSE --- response to the foreign substances

Define of Immunology


IMMUNE FUNCTIONS

---immune defence (infectious disease)

--- immune surveillance

--- immune homeostasis

Define of Immunology


Immunity refers to mechanisms used by the

body as protection against environmental

agents that are foreign to the body

Microorganisms

Foods

Chemicals, Drugs, Pollen etc.

Define of Immunity


Smallpox is a disease caused by the Variola major virus. Smallpox

spreads very easily from person to person. Symptoms are flu-like and

include high fever, fatigue and headache and backache, followed by a rash

with flat red sores.


Smallpox


Smallpox inoculation or variolation is a great

invention of medicine in ancient China.



Edward Jenner(1749 －1823)

Edward Jenner memorial hall



Preparation of smallpoxPreparation of smallpox



Edward Jenner Chinese-Variolation

Prophylactic measure

against Smallpox

1798-Cow Pox/Vaccinia

Induced Protection Against

Small Pox-Vaccination

2 Centuries to Eradicate Small

Pox

Greatest Triumph in Modern

Medicine



The announcement by

the WHO in 1980 that

smallpox was the first

disease that had been

eradicated worldwide

by a program of

vaccination





Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

1880 Vaccine

1881 Vaccine to Anthrax

1885 Vaccine to Rabies



1890 von Behring and Kitasato:

Filtrates from cultures of Clost. tetani can confer protection.

Serotherapy Serum of vaccinated

people had substances that specifically bound to the relevant pathogen (ANTIBODIES)

Emil Adolf von Behring, 1854-1917

A German bacteriologist


Discovery of Humoral Immunity


430 B.C. Thucydides People have been sicked free from illness

Song dynasty A divine doctor Emei Mountain Variolation

1798 Jenner Vaccination

1880 Pasteur Attenuated chicken cholera vaccine

1890 Behring/Kitasato Antitoxin ―Humoralimmunity hypothesis

1883 Metchnikoff Endocytosis - Cytoimmunity hypothesis

1905 Pirquet/Schick Horse serum sickness (Hypersensitivity)

1945 Owen/Burnet Immune tolerance hypothesis

1959 Burnet Clonal selection hypothesis





WHAT is the immune system?

Complex defense system

Physiological function is to

Prevent infections

Eradicate established infections

Self/Nonself discrimination


ALL animals.

Vert-Invert systems: analogous

Various vert systems: homologous

Who has an immune system?


Who has an immune system?


Severe Fungal

Infection in a

Fruit Fly.


foreign agent

use preformed components to non-specifically clear the agent

produce specific components directed against the agent

How Does Immune System Work?


Content

1. History of Immunology1. History of Immunology

2. Innate and Adaptive Immunity2. Innate and Adaptive Immunity

3. Adaptive Immune Responses3. Adaptive Immune Responses


Innate and Adaptive Immunity



Innate Immunity

a. Physical and chemical barriers

b. Phagocytic cells and NK cells

c. Blood proteins

d. Cytokines



Adaptive Immunity

a. Lymphocytes and their products

b. Antigen




Adaptive Immune Responses

Cardinal

Features

Types

Cellular

Components Phases



Types

Humoral immunity

Cell-mediated immunity


Types of

Adaptive

Immunity


Yes(T cells)

How can immunity be induced in an individual?



Cellular

Components

Cardinal Features

Phases Types





Phases

Cellular Components

Cardinal

Features Types


Cellular Components


• Lymphocytes - B, Th, CTL, NKT

• Antigen-presenting cells(APCs)- DC, M, B

• Effector cells - Activated T cells, mononuclear phagocytes





Types

Phases

Cardinal

FeaturesCellular

Components



Phases

Recognition of antigen

Activation of lymphocytes

Effector phase of immune responses:

Elimination of antigen

Homeostasis: Decline of immune responses





















Antigen

Microbial products or

components of innate

immune responses to

microbes










Elimination of antigen by antibody



Elimination of antigen by T cells









At the end of an immune respose,

the immune system returns to its

basal resting state,in large part

because most of the progeny of

antigen-stimulation lymphocytes die

by apoptosis.



Behring Koch Metchnikoff Ehrlich Richet BordetBehring Koch Metchnikoff Ehrlich Richet Bordet

Landsteiner Theiler Bovet Burnet Medawar Porter Edelman SnellLandsteiner Theiler Bovet Burnet Medawar Porter Edelman Snell

Dausset Benacerraf Jerne Tonegawa Thomas Murray Doherty ZinkernagelDausset Benacerraf Jerne Tonegawa Thomas Murray Doherty Zinkernagel


Thank you!Department of Immunology

Documents

Medical Immunology Department of Immunology Yiwei Chu [email protected] 2010-4-19