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MEETING OF THREE MEETING OF THREE WORLDSWORLDS• 1.THREE CULTURES1.THREE CULTURES
• 1)NATIVE AMERICAN1)NATIVE AMERICAN
• 2)EUROPEAN (SP, PO, DU, BR {ENG.}, 2)EUROPEAN (SP, PO, DU, BR {ENG.}, FR)FR)
• 3)AFRICAN3)AFRICAN
• (#2, SPAIN, PORTUGAL, NETHERLANDS, (#2, SPAIN, PORTUGAL, NETHERLANDS, UNITED KINGDOM, FRANCE)UNITED KINGDOM, FRANCE)
THREE WORLDSTHREE WORLDS
• 1.THE MEETING OF THREE WORLDS – 1.THE MEETING OF THREE WORLDS – THE CONTINENT OF NORTH AMERICATHE CONTINENT OF NORTH AMERICA
• 2.NATIVE AMERICANS 2.NATIVE AMERICANS OCCUPIED OCCUPIED (NOT OWNED) (NOT OWNED) THE LAND.THE LAND.
• 3.EUROPEANS-EXPANSION…WHY? 3.EUROPEANS-EXPANSION…WHY? GLORY, GOLD, GODGLORY, GOLD, GOD
• 4.AFRICANS-MOSTLY, FORCED 4.AFRICANS-MOSTLY, FORCED MIGRATIONMIGRATION
EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT, EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT, CH. 2CH. 2
• 1.COLONIES (SETTLEMENTS) WERE 1.COLONIES (SETTLEMENTS) WERE ESTABLISHED IN/ON THE LAND OF ESTABLISHED IN/ON THE LAND OF NORTH AMERICA (NA.)NORTH AMERICA (NA.)
• 2.SP, UK, NE, AND FR SETTLED IN NA.2.SP, UK, NE, AND FR SETTLED IN NA.
• 3.THESE NATIONS HAD 3.THESE NATIONS HAD INTERACTIONS WITH NATIVE INTERACTIONS WITH NATIVE AMERICANS.AMERICANS.
VOYAGES OF EXPLORATIONVOYAGES OF EXPLORATION
AGE OF DISCOVERY, 14AGE OF DISCOVERY, 14THTH – 17 – 17THTH CENTURIESCENTURIES
• The The Age of DiscoveryAge of Discovery, also known as , also known as the the Age of ExplorationAge of Exploration, was a period , was a period in human history starting in the 15th in human history starting in the 15th century and continuing into the 17th century and continuing into the 17th century, during which century, during which EuropeansEuropeans explored the world by ocean searching explored the world by ocean searching for trading partners and particular for trading partners and particular trade goods. The most desired trading trade goods. The most desired trading goods were goods were goldgold, , silversilver and and spicesspices. .
VIRGINIAVIRGINIA
• 1. 11. 1ST ST PERMANENT ENGLISH SETTLEMENT PERMANENT ENGLISH SETTLEMENT IN NA , JAMESTOWN, VAIN NA , JAMESTOWN, VA
• 2. HOW? BY A JOINT STOCK COMPANY, THE 2. HOW? BY A JOINT STOCK COMPANY, THE VIRGINIA COMPANYVIRGINIA COMPANY
• 1)A GROUP OF MEN PLANNED TO MAKE A 1)A GROUP OF MEN PLANNED TO MAKE A PROFIT BY SENDING PEOPLE TO AMERICA PROFIT BY SENDING PEOPLE TO AMERICA TO FIND GOLD AND OTHER VALUABLE TO FIND GOLD AND OTHER VALUABLE RESOURCES AND THEN SHIP THE RESOURCES AND THEN SHIP THE RECOURCES BACK TO ENGLAND (UK)RECOURCES BACK TO ENGLAND (UK)
OLDEST CITIES IN AMERICAOLDEST CITIES IN AMERICA
• 1.ACOMA, NM, USA, 11501.ACOMA, NM, USA, 1150
• 2.MEXICO CITY, MEX, 13252.MEXICO CITY, MEX, 1325
• 3.ST. JOHN’S, NEWFOUNDLAND, CAN, 3.ST. JOHN’S, NEWFOUNDLAND, CAN, 15281528
• 4.ST. AUGUSTINE, FL, USA, 15654.ST. AUGUSTINE, FL, USA, 1565
• 5.SANTA FE, NM, USA, 15985.SANTA FE, NM, USA, 1598
• 6.JAMESTOWN, VA, USA, 16076.JAMESTOWN, VA, USA, 1607
OLDEST CITIES OF THE USAOLDEST CITIES OF THE USA
• Ten oldest continuously occupied U.S. cities:Ten oldest continuously occupied U.S. cities:
1) Acoma, New Mexico, 11501) Acoma, New Mexico, 11502) St. Augustine, Florida, 15652) St. Augustine, Florida, 15653) Santa Fe, New Mexico, 16093) Santa Fe, New Mexico, 16094) Hampton, Virginia, 16104) Hampton, Virginia, 16105) Newport News, Virginia, 1611/215) Newport News, Virginia, 1611/216) Albany, New York, 1614/246) Albany, New York, 1614/247) New York, New York, 16247) New York, New York, 16248) Quincy, Massachusetts, 16258) Quincy, Massachusetts, 16259) Salem, Massachusetts, 16269) Salem, Massachusetts, 162610) Jersey City, New Jersey, 1629 10) Jersey City, New Jersey, 1629
VIRGINIA, CONTINUEDVIRGINIA, CONTINUED
• 3.VA. COMP. ESTABLISHED 3.VA. COMP. ESTABLISHED LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (LEG ASS), LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (LEG ASS), HOUSE OF BURGESSES, 1619 HOUSE OF BURGESSES, 1619 (GOVERNMENT)(GOVERNMENT)
• 1)11)1STST EUROPEAN-TYPE LEG. IN NEW EUROPEAN-TYPE LEG. IN NEW WORLDWORLD
• 2)LIKE ENGLAND’S PARLIAMENT 2)LIKE ENGLAND’S PARLIAMENT (LAWMAKING BODY OF PEOPLE)(LAWMAKING BODY OF PEOPLE)
VIRGINIA, CONTINUEDVIRGINIA, CONTINUED
• 4.MANY SETTLED IN JAMESTOWN4.MANY SETTLED IN JAMESTOWN• 5.NO GOLD5.NO GOLD• 6.TOBACCO FARMING (FROM NATIVE 6.TOBACCO FARMING (FROM NATIVE
AMERICANS)AMERICANS)• 1)CASH CROP…1)CASH CROP…MONEY FOR ENG AND VA. COMP., MONEY FOR ENG AND VA. COMP.,
SOURCE OF WEALTHSOURCE OF WEALTH• 2)RESULTS OF TOBACCO FARMING2)RESULTS OF TOBACCO FARMING• A.SOCIAL DIVISIONSA.SOCIAL DIVISIONS• a.LANDOWNERSa.LANDOWNERS• b.NONLANDOWNERSb.NONLANDOWNERS• B.LABOR INTENSIVE (REQUIRING MANY WORKERS) B.LABOR INTENSIVE (REQUIRING MANY WORKERS)
RESULTING OF IMPORTATION OF BLACK, AFRICAN SLAVES…RESULTING OF IMPORTATION OF BLACK, AFRICAN SLAVES…DEPENDENCE, 1619DEPENDENCE, 1619
EUROPEAN (ENGLISH-BRITISH) EUROPEAN (ENGLISH-BRITISH) JAMESTOWN AND NATIVE AMERICAN JAMESTOWN AND NATIVE AMERICAN
INTERACTIONSINTERACTIONS
INTERACTIONS, EUROPEANS INTERACTIONS, EUROPEANS AND NATIVE AMERICANSAND NATIVE AMERICANS
• 1.EUROPEANS (VIRGINIANS) FORCED 1.EUROPEANS (VIRGINIANS) FORCED NATIVES FROM LAND.NATIVES FROM LAND.
• 2.CONFLICT WITH THE POWHATAN 2.CONFLICT WITH THE POWHATAN INDIANSINDIANS
• 3.EUROPEANS WANTED LAND TO 3.EUROPEANS WANTED LAND TO GROW “BROWN GOLD”…TOBACCOGROW “BROWN GOLD”…TOBACCO
• 4.CONFLICT: BACON’S REBELLION, 4.CONFLICT: BACON’S REBELLION, 16761676
INTERACTIONS, BACON’S INTERACTIONS, BACON’S REBELLION, 1676REBELLION, 1676• 1) Bacon's Rebellion1) Bacon's Rebellion was an was an uprisinguprising in 1676 in in 1676 in
the the Virginia ColonyVirginia Colony, led by , led by Nathaniel BaconNathaniel Bacon, a , a wealthy planter-landowner. It was the first wealthy planter-landowner. It was the first rebellion in the rebellion in the American coloniesAmerican colonies in which in which discontented frontiersmen took part and attacked discontented frontiersmen took part and attacked Jamestown; it was a protest against the Royal Jamestown; it was a protest against the Royal Governor of Virginia, Governor of Virginia, William BerkeleyWilliam Berkeley
• 2) Landless, poorer frontier Europeans wanted 2) Landless, poorer frontier Europeans wanted land and Governor Berkeley refused to support; land and Governor Berkeley refused to support; ALSO WANTED A VOICE IN HOUSE OF BURGESSESALSO WANTED A VOICE IN HOUSE OF BURGESSES
• 3)RESULT: REBELLION3)RESULT: REBELLION
REBELLIONREBELLION
• 1)CONFLICT PUT DOWN1)CONFLICT PUT DOWN
• 2)HOUSE OF BURGESSES: LAWS TO 2)HOUSE OF BURGESSES: LAWS TO REGULATE SLAVERY SO POOR REGULATE SLAVERY SO POOR WHITES WOULD NOT LONGER SIDE WHITES WOULD NOT LONGER SIDE WITH SLAVES AGAINST RICH WITH SLAVES AGAINST RICH PLANTERSPLANTERS
EFFECTS OF REBELLIONEFFECTS OF REBELLION
• On July 30, 1676, Bacon and his makeshift On July 30, 1676, Bacon and his makeshift army issued a Declaration of the People of army issued a Declaration of the People of Virginia, demanding that Indians in the area Virginia, demanding that Indians in the area be killed or removed, and an end of the rule be killed or removed, and an end of the rule of "parasites." The declaration also criticized of "parasites." The declaration also criticized Berkeley's administration, accusing him of Berkeley's administration, accusing him of levying unfair taxes, of appointing friends to levying unfair taxes, of appointing friends to high positions, and of failing to protect high positions, and of failing to protect outlying farmers from Indian attack. After outlying farmers from Indian attack. After months of conflict, Bacon's forces burned months of conflict, Bacon's forces burned the colonial capital the colonial capital JamestownJamestown to the ground to the ground on September 19, 1676. on September 19, 1676.
EFFECTS, REBELLIONEFFECTS, REBELLION
• Governor Berkeley returned to power, Governor Berkeley returned to power, seizing the property of several rebels and seizing the property of several rebels and hanging 23 men.hanging 23 men.
• After an investigative committee returned After an investigative committee returned its report to King its report to King Charles IICharles II, Berkeley was , Berkeley was relieved of the governorship, and returned relieved of the governorship, and returned to England. The rebellion played a role in the to England. The rebellion played a role in the movement of large tobacco planters moving movement of large tobacco planters moving from indentured servants to African slave from indentured servants to African slave labor.labor.
NEW ENGLAND NEW ENGLAND SETTLEMENTSETTLEMENT
• WHY “NEW ENGLAND”?WHY “NEW ENGLAND”?
NEW ENGLAND NEW ENGLAND SETTLEMENTSETTLEMENT• 1. WHY “NEW ENGLAND?”1. WHY “NEW ENGLAND?”• 2. 12. 1STST ESTABLISHED BY PURITANS, ESTABLISHED BY PURITANS,
CHURCH OF ENGLAND MEMBERS, WHO CHURCH OF ENGLAND MEMBERS, WHO WANTED TO “PURIFY” THE CHURCH, IN WANTED TO “PURIFY” THE CHURCH, IN MASSACHUSETTSMASSACHUSETTS
• 3. WHILE JAMESTOWN COLONY WAS FOR 3. WHILE JAMESTOWN COLONY WAS FOR PROFIT, PROFIT, MASSACHUSETTS PURITANS MASSACHUSETTS PURITANS WANTED WANTED BETTER LIFEBETTER LIFE AND AND FREEDOM FREEDOM TO PRACTICETO PRACTICE RELIGIONRELIGION
• 1) JOHN WINTHROP, 11) JOHN WINTHROP, 1STST GOVERNOR, GOVERNOR, MODEL NEW SOCIETY, “CITY UPON A HILL”MODEL NEW SOCIETY, “CITY UPON A HILL”
NEW ENGLAND NEW ENGLAND
• 4. 24. 2NDND PERMANENT ENGLISH COLONY IN PERMANENT ENGLISH COLONY IN NA, PLYMOUTH, MASS, 1620NA, PLYMOUTH, MASS, 1620
• 5. PURITAN SEPARATISTS, PILGRIMS5. PURITAN SEPARATISTS, PILGRIMS
• 6. NOT TOLERANT OF OTHER RELIGIONS6. NOT TOLERANT OF OTHER RELIGIONS
• 7. MAYFLOWER COMPACT, NOV., 16207. MAYFLOWER COMPACT, NOV., 1620
• 8. MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY, 16308. MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY, 1630
JOHN WINTHROPJOHN WINTHROPMAYFLOWER COMPACTMAYFLOWER COMPACT
MAYFLOWER COMPACTMAYFLOWER COMPACT
• The The Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact was the first was the first governing document of governing document of Plymouth ColonyPlymouth Colony. It was written by the . It was written by the Separatists later known as the Separatists later known as the PilgrimsPilgrims who crossed the who crossed the AtlanticAtlantic aboard the aboard the MayflowerMayflower, seeking the freedom to , seeking the freedom to practice Christianity according to their practice Christianity according to their own determination and not the will of own determination and not the will of the English Church. the English Church.
NEW ENGLAND, RHODE NEW ENGLAND, RHODE ISLANDISLAND
• 1. FOUNDER, ROGER WILLIAMS, 1. FOUNDER, ROGER WILLIAMS, NAMED IT PROVIDENCE, 1636NAMED IT PROVIDENCE, 1636
• 2. FOUNDED BY RELIGIOUS 2. FOUNDED BY RELIGIOUS DISSENTERS MORE TOLERANTDISSENTERS MORE TOLERANT
ROGER WILLIAMSROGER WILLIAMS
• Roger WilliamsRoger Williams ( (December 21December 21, , 16031603––April 1April 1, , 16831683) was an ) was an EnglishEnglish theologiantheologian, a notable , a notable proponent of proponent of religious tolerationreligious toleration and the and the separation of church and stateseparation of church and state and an advocate for fair and an advocate for fair dealings with dealings with Native AmericansNative Americans. In 1644, he received a charter . In 1644, he received a charter creating the colony of creating the colony of Rhode IslandRhode Island, named for the , named for the principal island in Narragansett principal island in Narragansett Bay. He is credited for Bay. He is credited for originating either the originating either the first or second Baptist church efirst or second Baptist church established in Americastablished in America, which he is known to have left , which he is known to have left soon afterwards, exclaiming, soon afterwards, exclaiming, "God is too large to be housed "God is too large to be housed under one roof." under one roof."
NEW ENGLANDNEW ENGLAND
• 1.TOWN MEETINGS RAN SETTLEMENTS (ORIGINS 1.TOWN MEETINGS RAN SETTLEMENTS (ORIGINS OF REPRESENTATIVE GOVT IN N. AMERICAN OF REPRESENTATIVE GOVT IN N. AMERICAN COLONIES)COLONIES)
• 2.ROYAL COLONIES WERE GOVERNED BY ROYAL 2.ROYAL COLONIES WERE GOVERNED BY ROYAL GOVERNORS AND ELECTED LEGISLATUREGOVERNORS AND ELECTED LEGISLATURE
• 1)MEMBERS: DEVOTED CHURCH MEMBER…A 1)MEMBERS: DEVOTED CHURCH MEMBER…A GOOD PURITANGOOD PURITAN
• 2)INCREASING POPULATION…LESS COVENANT 2)INCREASING POPULATION…LESS COVENANT (RELATIONSHIP) WITH GOD(RELATIONSHIP) WITH GOD
• 3)RESULT: HALF-WAY COVENANT-PARTIAL CHURCH 3)RESULT: HALF-WAY COVENANT-PARTIAL CHURCH MEMBERSHIP FOR CHILDREN AND MEMBERSHIP FOR CHILDREN AND GRANDCHILDREN OF ORIGINAL PURITANSGRANDCHILDREN OF ORIGINAL PURITANS
NATIVE AMERICAN NATIVE AMERICAN INTERACTIONS IN NEW INTERACTIONS IN NEW ENGLANDENGLAND• 1. PEQUOT WAR, 1637, AT MYSTIC 1. PEQUOT WAR, 1637, AT MYSTIC
RIVERRIVER
• 2. KING PHILIP’S WAR, 1675-762. KING PHILIP’S WAR, 1675-76
• 3. RESULTS: HEAVY LOSS OF LIFE FOR 3. RESULTS: HEAVY LOSS OF LIFE FOR COLONISTS AND NATIVES…LARGE COLONISTS AND NATIVES…LARGE AREAS OF S. NEW ENGLAND BECAME AREAS OF S. NEW ENGLAND BECAME ENGLISH SETTLEMENTSENGLISH SETTLEMENTS
• The The Pequot WarPequot War was an armed was an armed conflict in 1634-1638 between an conflict in 1634-1638 between an alliance of Massachusetts Bay and alliance of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies, with Native Plymouth colonies, with Native American allies (the Narragansett American allies (the Narragansett and Mohegan tribes), against the and Mohegan tribes), against the Pequot tribe. Pequot tribe.
• King Philip's WarKing Philip's War, sometimes called , sometimes called MetacomMetacom's War's War or or Metacom's Rebellion,Metacom's Rebellion, was an armed conflict between Native was an armed conflict between Native American inhabitants of present-day American inhabitants of present-day southern New England and English colonists southern New England and English colonists and their Native American allies from 1675–and their Native American allies from 1675–1676. 1676.
• The war is named after the main leader of The war is named after the main leader of the Native American side, Metacomet, the Native American side, Metacomet, Metacom, or Pometacom, known to the Metacom, or Pometacom, known to the English as "King Philip." English as "King Philip."
MASSACHUSETTS CHARTER MASSACHUSETTS CHARTER
• 1. CANCELED IN 16861. CANCELED IN 1686
• 2. BECAME A ROYAL COLONY, 1691, 2. BECAME A ROYAL COLONY, 1691, GOVERNED BY ENGLAND WITH GOVERNED BY ENGLAND WITH CENTRAL AUTHORITY, DISLIKED BY CENTRAL AUTHORITY, DISLIKED BY COLONISTSCOLONISTS
• 3. WHY? TO GAIN MORE CONTROL OF 3. WHY? TO GAIN MORE CONTROL OF TRADE IN THE COLONIES TRADE IN THE COLONIES
MASSACHUSETTSMASSACHUSETTSSALEM WITCH TRIALS, 1690SSALEM WITCH TRIALS, 1690S
• 1. REMEMBER, MASS., A PURITAN COLONY1. REMEMBER, MASS., A PURITAN COLONY
• 2. REASONS2. REASONS
• 1) EXTREME RELIGIOUS FAITH1) EXTREME RELIGIOUS FAITH
• 2) STRESS FROM GROWING POPULATION 2) STRESS FROM GROWING POPULATION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH NAT. AM.AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH NAT. AM.
• 3) FEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN AND 3) FEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN AND GIRLS TO PARTICIPATE IN PURITAN GIRLS TO PARTICIPATE IN PURITAN SOCIETYSOCIETY
SALEM WITCH TRIALSSALEM WITCH TRIALS
• The The Salem witch trialsSalem witch trials were a series of hearings were a series of hearings before local magistrates followed by county court before local magistrates followed by county court trialstrials to prosecute people accused of to prosecute people accused of witchcraftwitchcraft in in EssexEssex, , SuffolkSuffolk, and , and MiddlesexMiddlesex Counties of colonial Counties of colonial MassachusettsMassachusetts, between February 1692 and May , between February 1692 and May 1693. Over 150 people were arrested and 1693. Over 150 people were arrested and imprisoned, with even more accused who were not imprisoned, with even more accused who were not formally pursued by the authorities. The two courts formally pursued by the authorities. The two courts convicted twenty-nine people of the capital convicted twenty-nine people of the capital felonyfelony of of witchcraft. Nineteen of the accused, fourteen women witchcraft. Nineteen of the accused, fourteen women and five men, were and five men, were hangedhanged. One man (. One man (Giles CoryGiles Cory) ) who refused to enter a plea was who refused to enter a plea was crushed to deathcrushed to death under heavy stones in an attempt to force him to do under heavy stones in an attempt to force him to do so. At least five more of the accused died in prison.so. At least five more of the accused died in prison.
SALEM WITCH TRIALSSALEM WITCH TRIALS
MIDDLE-ATLANTIC MIDDLE-ATLANTIC COLONIESCOLONIES• 1. PENNSYLVANIA, WILLIAM PENN, 16811. PENNSYLVANIA, WILLIAM PENN, 1681• 1)RELIGIOUS TOLERANT QUAKERS1)RELIGIOUS TOLERANT QUAKERS• 2. NEW YORK, 1621, SETTLED BY THE DUTCH, 2. NEW YORK, 1621, SETTLED BY THE DUTCH,
CALLED NEW NETHERLAND, WITH CAPITAL, NEW CALLED NEW NETHERLAND, WITH CAPITAL, NEW AMSTERDAM (AFTER AMSTERDAM, THE AMSTERDAM (AFTER AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS IN EUROPE)NETHERLANDS IN EUROPE)
• 1) FUR TRADE, BUSINESS1) FUR TRADE, BUSINESS• 2) FRIENDLIER WITH NATIVES THAN ENGLISH2) FRIENDLIER WITH NATIVES THAN ENGLISH• 3) BRITISH TAKE OVER IN 16643) BRITISH TAKE OVER IN 1664• 4) NAME CHANGE: NEW YORK; NEW YORK CITY4) NAME CHANGE: NEW YORK; NEW YORK CITY
NEW NETHERLANDNEW NETHERLAND
WILLIAM PENNWILLIAM PENN
• William PennWilliam Penn ( (October 14October 14, , 16441644 – – July 30July 30, , 17181718) was ) was founder and "Absolute founder and "Absolute Proprietor" of the Proprietor" of the Province of PennsylvaniProvince of Pennsylvaniaa, the , the EnglishEnglish North AmericanNorth American colonycolony and the future and the future U.S. stateU.S. state of of PenPen
• Under his direction, Under his direction, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia was was planned and developed. planned and developed. (City of Brotherly Love) (City of Brotherly Love)
NEW AMSTERDAM, LATER NEW AMSTERDAM, LATER NYCNYC
NEW FRANCENEW FRANCE
• 1. FRANCE WANTED COLONIES FOR RESOURCES…1. FRANCE WANTED COLONIES FOR RESOURCES…LIKE ENGLAND…FOR SHIPMENT BACK TO FRANCELIKE ENGLAND…FOR SHIPMENT BACK TO FRANCE
• 2. 12. 1STST FR. SETTLEMENT IN NA, QUEBEC, IN CANADA FR. SETTLEMENT IN NA, QUEBEC, IN CANADA• 3. RELIGIOUS GOAL: FRANCE, SPREAD ROMAN 3. RELIGIOUS GOAL: FRANCE, SPREAD ROMAN
CATHOLICISMCATHOLICISM
• 4. RELIGIOUS GOAL ENGLAND, SPREAD 4. RELIGIOUS GOAL ENGLAND, SPREAD PROTESTANTISM, CHURCH OF ENGLANDPROTESTANTISM, CHURCH OF ENGLAND
• 5. MAIN GOAL OF ENG AND FR: LOCATE NATURAL 5. MAIN GOAL OF ENG AND FR: LOCATE NATURAL RESOURCESRESOURCES
