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Teaching forms – lectures, tutorials, demonstrations,
practicals
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MEMBRANE,
BODY
Life is a dynamic system with focused
behavior, with autoreproduction,
characterized by flow of substrates, energiesand
information.
Functions are studied at 5 levels: molecular, cellular,
tissue, organ, organism
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GIT, lungs, kidneyPlasma 5% !,5 litres
Interstitial "5% "#,5 litresfluid
Intracellular $#% & litres
fluid
Evans blue, 131 J
Inulin,manitol,
sacharos
e Antipyrin, !"
Total volume of
fluids
'(trac
ellular
fluid
)incl*
plasma
+
COMPARTMENTALISATION OF BODY FLUID
Distribution volume
- . )amount of givencompound – amount of
e(creted compound+ :
plasm*conc*
ORGANISATION,
COMPARTMENTS
BODY COMPOSITION
/ater 0#% )5#%+ of 1ody mass
Proteins "&%
2ipids "5%
3inerals 4%
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-ifferences in 1ody fluids composition result
from features of 1arriers and forces
responsi1le for transport*
PASSIVE TRANSPORT MECANISMS
DIFUSION
Transport of gases, su1strates, meta1olites
)up to m** 0# thous* in direction of
concentration gradient of diluted compound*
It depends on solu1ility in ater and lipids*
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OSMOSIS
Transport of ater across semipermea1le
mem1rane in direction to higher
concentration of diluted compound )eg* in
direction to loer concentration of ater+* It
depends on num1er of particles*
6smolarity ( osmolality
Iso, hyper, hypotonicity
6ncotic pressure
FILTRATION
3ovement of solvent as a result of osmotic
and hydrostatic pressure*
Production and resorption of interstitial fluid*
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783P69T in the same direction
;TIP69T in opposite direction
glucose, 3, ?>
IONIC CHANNELS
GATING:
Voltage-gated chael!
L"gad-gated chael!
Mecha"call#-gated chael!
S$otaeo%!l# "act"&ated chael! '
(e)(acte("t# o) the *e*+(ae
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NERVE, MUSCLEE.ILIBRI.M POTENTIAL
Calc%lated acco(d"g to Ne(!t e/%at"o
D"0e(ece +et1ee e/%"l"+("%* $otet"al )o(
ce(ta" "o ad act%al *e*+(ae $otet"al
(e$(e!et! the d("&"g )o(ce )o( th"! "o
9eceptor, ligand, second messenger*
' ;a . >$# m
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'0# m
RESTIN! MEMBRANE POTENTIAL IS
A CONDITION OF E"CITABILITY AND
DEPENDS ON I! RESTIN!
MEMBRANE CONDUCTIVITY FOR
POTASSIUM
ACTION POTENTIAL IS A
PROPA!ATED ELECTRICAL SI!NAL
!ENERATED BY FAST SODIUM
CURRENT INTO TE CELL
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ELECTROCHEMICAL GRADIENT '
cocet(at"o g(ad"et ad elect("cal
g(ad"et
Act"o $otet"al "! a %"t o)
")o(*at"o Cod"g o) ")o(*at"o
2%!"g act"o $otet"al!3 "! +#
)(e/%ec# chage!, NOT +# a*$l"t%de
2"t "! t("gge(ed acco(d"g the la1 4All o(
oth"g53 It "! !$(ead 1"tho%t
dec(e*et
