MEMBUAT RANCANGAN PERBAIKAN TATA LETAK FASILITAS PABRIK DI PT.CITILITE BUANA PUTRA

8/2/2019 MEMBUAT RANCANGAN PERBAIKAN TATA LETAK FASILITAS PABRIK DI PT.CITILITE BUANA PUTRA

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OJ^XZOD

VX. NKXKCKXL J\O@O V\XZO ohocob eo`|godx|z vlezah|d~k dov coev| XC.

VX. Nkxkckxl J|oò V|xzo el`lzovdo` ~xzoxlik avlzo~k vzah|d~k EXA "Eodl Xa Azhlz+.

VX. NKXKCKXL J\O@O V\XZO xlz~lj|x elevzah|d~k jljlzovo xkvl dov coev|

hko`xozo`{o# Dov Coev| "ZE :>7 ^X!OC+. Xoxo clxod go~kckxo~ hk yazd~bav

el`|`moì vldlzmoo` voho ~oox gojzkdo~k oho joiko`%joiko` {oì hkzodkx. Vlz|~oboo`

k`k xlzhovox jlzjoiok eonoe ml`k~ el~k` vl`|`moì {oì hkvlzi|òdo` |`x|d

elej|ox joiko`%joiko` vozx {oì hkj|ox hko`xozo`{o vaxaì jlzeaxaz# vaxaì

eo`|oc# jaz "vlc|joì hlìo` v|xozo`+# va` "vlc|joì hlìo` xldoò`+# xld|d eo`|oc

dlnkc# xld|d eo`|oc jlzx|o~ vo`moì# zacc# xld|d bkhzackd# co~ xkxkd# ilzk`ho# ho`

vlìlnoxo` ~k~xle awl`.

Hocoe dokxo``{o hlìo` xoxo clxod go~kckxo~ vojzkd# vlz|~oboo` xlz~lj|x ~|hob

n|d|v jokd# boc k`k hkj|dxkdo` hlìo` elcod|do` vl`lckxko` hocoe jkhoì xoxo clxod

xlz~lj|x# {okx| elcod|do` vlì|mko` hlìo` elìi|òdo` ~kzd|kx boekcxa`ko` {oì hk

wlzkgkdo~k hlìo` xaac ~ke|co~k.

Boc xlz~lj|x ~|hob xlzj|dxk jokd hlìo` elckbox clxod clxod eah|coz {oì ~|hob

oho hk vojzkd xlz~lj|x lgldxkg ho` lgk~kl`# òe|` oho jljlzovo clxod el~k` {oì

hkvk`hobdo` ~lbkìio yodx| vza~l~ jlzd|zoì ~lcoeo ;.? el`kx.


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JOJ K

VL@HOB\C\O@

?.? Coxoz Jlcodoì

Vojzkd eo~o dk`k xkhod coik elz|vodo` ~ox| da`~ackho~k dlikoxo` eo`|godx|z

{oì ~lhlzboò hko cljkb elz|vodo` ~lj|ob el~k` ~|vlz. Dlc|ozo` vaxl`~koc`{o jk~o

~oìox jl~oz ho` lgk~kl`~k vl`|z|ò` j|z|b`{o jk~o elìl~o`do`. Xlxovk el~k` ~|vlz

k`k c|oz jko~o z|ekx# vldo# ~lzkì dock d|zoì c|yl~# ho` dlzovdock el`|`x|x

vlòòeo` eahoc {oì jl~oz. jljlzovo na`xab el~k` ~|vlz k`k odo` elejlzk

hoevod xod dl`xozo xlzbohov dljkmodo` vleo~ozo`# ho` xlòio dlzmo. Vlzxkejoìo`

k`k elejlzk ozxk jobyo vlìlcaco k`h|~xzk eo~o dk`k boz|~ elzo`noì go~kckxo~ vojzkd

~lzxo go~kckxo~ hk~xzkj|~k`{o hlìo` odxkg |`x|d elel`|bk x|m|o` ldaàek~ voho

~xzoxlik vleo~ozo`{o. M|io hko boz| elì|`hoì zldo{o~oyo` vzagl~kaòc ho` xke

oz~kxld dlxkdo ele|cok ~ox| vzaizoe vlzc|o~o` go~kckxo~. "X.O.Go|cbojlz# Vco``kì

[a|z Vco`x# Eoznb ?;7>+

Vco`x co{a|x o`h eoxlzkoc bo`hckì ohocob dlikoxo` {oì jlzb|j|ìo` hlìo`

vlzo`noìo` ho` vl`{|~|ò` lclel` gk~kd ~|ox| dlikoxo` ho` ~lcoc| jlzb|j|ìo` lzox

hlìo` k`h|~xzk eo`|godx|z# {oì elìioejozdo` bo~kc zo`noìo` hkdlòc hlìo`

vco`x co{a|x "xoxo clxod vojzkd+. @oe|` ~lmoco` hlìo` elc|o~`{o vo`hoìo`

k`h|~xzkoc lìk`llz eodo vleoboeo` el`mohk jlzdlejoì jobyo voho ho~oz`{o

boevkz ~le|o dlikoxo` {oì elev|`{ok ~|ox| x|m|o` odo` el`|`x|x go~kckxo~ gk~kd


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{oì boz|~ hkzl`noòdo` ho` hkzo`noì elìkd|xk vzk`~kv ho` ox|zo` {oì boevkz

~oeo hlìo` {oì hki|òdo` hocoe xoxo clxod vojzkd.

Elxahacaik vco`x co{a|x xlz~lj|x e|cok hki|òdo` hocoe elzo`noì xkov

go~kckxo~ ~lbkìio e|`n|c k~xkcob vlzo`noìo` go~kckxo~ {oì elz|vodo` k~xkcob vl`xkì

hocoe el`{|~|` |`~|z vza{ld {oì jlzx|m|o` elevlzxkejoìdo` k`v|x xlz~lj|x#

elcoc|k ~ozoò {oì oho |`x|d el`novok a|xv|x {oì hkkìk`do` "dlikoxo` vzah|dxkg+.

\`x|d elìbo~kcdo` a|xv|x xlz~lj|x# odxkgkxo~ vzah|d~k elej|x|bdo`

~lm|ecob z|oì# xlevox dlzmo# el~k` oxo| vlzclìdovo` cok``{o {oì odo` hkcoc|k

eoxlzkoc# vlzocoxo` oxo| azoì. Dlco`nozo` vzah|dxkgkxo~ vojzkd xlz~lj|x hkvlìoz|bk

aclb d|ockxo~ dlv|x|~o` oxo| dljkmodo` xl`xoì go~kckxo~ ~lzxo hl~ok` xoxo clxod`{o.

^lbkìio ~l~lazoì zldo{o~oyo` zo`noìo` go~kckxo~ vlzc| elzl`noòdo` ~lnozo

nlzeox {oì hkh|d|ì hoxo%hoxo {oì od|zox {okx| elìlòk mozod vlek`hobo`

jozoì hozk vza~l~ vzah|d~k oyoc ~oevok vza~l~ vzah|d~k odbkz "gk`k~bkì+ {oì

hkbozovdo` el`mohk ~lj|ob vaco ockzo` jozoì {oì cljkb ~lhlzboò ho` xlzox|z

hlìo` eleo`gooxdo` z|oì# oxo|v|` vl`levoxo` xlevox dlzmo {oì jlzho~ozdo`

godxaz b|j|ìo` dlhldoxo` oxo| dlxlzdokxo` o`xoz odxkgkxo~# m|io odo` el`kìdoxdo`

gcld~kjkckxo~ voho z|oì ilzod hozk dlikoxo` vlòìoò` eoxlzkoc kx| ~l`hkzk.

VX. Nkxkckxl J|oò V|xzo ohocob eo`|godx|z vlezah|d~k dov coev| XC. VX.

Nkxkckxl J|oò V|xzo el`lzovdo` ~xzoxlik avlzo~k vzah|d~k EXA "Eodl Xa Azhlz+.

Xoxo clxod go~kckxo~ hk yazd~bav el`|`moì dlikoxo` vldlzmoo` voho ~oox gojzkdo~k oho

joiko`%joiko` {oì hkzodkx. Hk yazd~bav k`k hovox jlzjoiok eonoe ml`k~ el~k`

vl`|`moì {oì hki|òdo` hocoe vzah|d~k. @oe|` vlzeo~ocobo` kx| ~l`hkzk xlzhovox

voho jljlzovo vl`levoxo` va~k~k clxod xlevox dlzmo {oì oho eo~kb d|zoì jokd hozk


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~lik vlclxodo` el~k` eo|v|` moco` eo~|d {oì hkcoc|k aclb eoxlzkoc oxo| jozoì

~lbkìio vaco ockzo` jozoì el`mohk d|zoì jlzox|zo`. eodo hlìo` elcod|do`

vlì|mko` voho vojzkd xlz~lj|x elìi|òdo` ^kzd|kx Boekcxa`ko` [oì Hkeahkgkdo~k

odo` hkjo`hkìdo` hlìo` xaac~ ~ke|co~k {oì ~|hob hki|òdo` hkvojzkd xlz~lj|x.

?.: Z|e|~o` Eo~ocob

?. Joiokeoò el`hovoxdo` da`gki|zo~k ^kzd|kx Boekcxa`ko` |`x|delejl`x|d xoxo clxod eah|coz {oì cljkb jokd ho` lgk~kl` hozk dlohoo`

~ljlc|e`{o 1

:. Joiokeoò elì|mk xoxo clxod go~kckxo~ vojzkd hlìo` elìi|òdo` ^kzd|kxBoekcxa`ko` [oì Hkeahkgkdo~k "^B[H+ hlìo` xaac~ ^ke|co~k {oì

hki|òdo` hkcado~k vl`lckxko` "vojzkd+ 1

?.> X|m|o` Vl`|ck~o` X|io~ Odbkz

?. El`hovoxdo` da`gki|zo~k ^kzd|kx Boekcxa`ko` |`x|d elejl`x|d xoxo clxodeah|coz {oì ~l~|ok ho` cljkb lgk~kl` hozk dlohoo` ~ljlc|e`{o.

:. Elì|mk xoxo clxod go~kckxo~ vojzkd hlìo` elìi|òdo` ^kzd|kxBoekcxa`ko` [oì Hkeahkgkdo~k "^B[H+ hlìo` xaac~ ^ke|co~k {oì

hki|òdo` hkcado~k vl`lckxko` "vojzkd+.


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?.8 Joxo~o` Eo~ocob

Oioz vlejobo~o` {oì hkcod|do` xlxov voho moc|z`{o ho` xkhod el`{kevoì

hozk x|m|o` ~le|co# eodo z|oì ckìd|v vlejobo~o` hkjoxo~k voho boc%boc jlzkd|x=

?. Vl`lckxko` k`k hkcod|do` hk VX. NCJV Modozxo ho` Hlvad.:. Vl`lckxko` k`k elìi|òdo` eahlc ^B[H "^kzd|kx Boekcxa`ko` {oì

Hkeahkgkdo~k+ |`x|d elcod|do` vlìlcaevado` el~k`%el~k` dl hocoe

xoxo clxod eah|coz |`x|d xoxo clxod go~kckxo~ jo`{od vzah|d.

>. Vl`lckxko` k`k hkcod|do` bo`{o |`x|d ~ox| eahlc vzah|d Dov Coev| "ZE:>7 ^X!OC+# ho` ~ox| ml`k~ jobo` jod| vadad.

8. Xkhod hkcod|do` vlzbkx|ìo` ho` vlzxkejoìo` xlzbohov jko{o xoxo clxodvojzkd ho` vlek`hobo` jozoì.

?.< ^k~xleoxkdo Vl`|ck~o`

Vl`|ck~o` vl`lckxko` k`k hk~|~|` hlìo` ~k~xleoxkdo ~ljoiok jlzkd|x=

Joj K Vl`hob|c|o`

Voho joj k`k hkmlco~do` coxoz jlcodoì# vadad vlzeo~ocobo`# x|m|o`

vl`lckxko`# joxo~o` eo~ocob# ~lzxo ~k~xleoxkdo vl`|ck~o`.

Joj KK Co`ho~o` Xlazk

Elejobo~ xl`xoì |zoko` xlazk xl`xoì xoxo clxod go~kckxo~ vojzkd ho`

vlek`hobo` jozoì# {oì hki|òdo` ~ljoiok dlzoìdo jlzgkdkz ho`

vl`lzovo` hocoe vlelnobo` eo~ocob.


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Joj KKK Elxahacaik Vl`lckxko`

Jlzk~kdo` xl`xoì elxahl vlelnobo` eo~ocob ~lnozo ~k~xleoxk~ hozk

el`l`x|do` eo~ocob# elì|ev|cdo` hoxo# vlìacobo` hoxo# elìoòck~k~

~oevok elòzkd dl~kev|co` hozk vl`lckxko`.

Joj KW Vlì|ev|co` ho` Vlìacobo` Hoxo

Jlzk~kdo` xl`xoì hoxo hoxo {oì xlcob hkd|ev|cdo` ho` xld`kd vlìacobo`

hoxo {oì ~l~|ok hlìo` eoxlzk xlazk.

Joj W Oòck~k~

Elejobo~ xl`xoì oòck~k~ hozk dlikoxo` vl`lckxko` {okx| elcod|do`

vlzjo`hkìo` o`xozo da`hk~k oyoc xoxo clxod hlìo` da`hk~k xoxo clxod {oì

~|hob hkcod|do` vlzjokdo`.

Joj WK Dl~kev|co` ho` ôzo`

Voho joj k`k jlzk~kdo` dl~kev|co` jlzho~ozdo` x|m|o` vl`lckxko` {oì

kìk` hknovok ho` ~ozo` hozk bo~kc vl`lckxko`.


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JOJ KK

CO@HOÔ@ XLAZK

:.? Vlzoò` Vlzo`noìo` Go~kckxo~

ôcob ~ox| dlikoxo` zldo{o~oyo` k`h|~xzk {oì xlzx|o ohocob elòxoclxod

vojzkd ho` elòìo`k vlek`hobo` jobo`.Dlikoxo` {oì jlzb|j|ìo` hlìo`

vlzo`noìo` ~|~|ò` |`~|z gk~kd ~|ox| dlikoxo` ho` ~lcoc| jlzb|j|ìo` lzox hlìo`

k`h|~xzk eo`|godx|z# {oì vlìioejozo` bo~kc zo`noìo``{o hkdlòc ~ljoiok

xoxoclxod vojzkd. @oe|`# ~lmoco` hlìo` elc|o~`{o vo`hoìo` zldo{o~oyo` k`h|~xzk

dl ozob dlikoxo` go~kcko~ gk~kd# zldo{o~oyo` el`mohk voboe jobyo boevkz ~le|o

dlikoxo` {oì elev|`{ok ozxk odo` el`|`x|x go~kckxo~ gk~kd# ho` ~lzkì dock go~kckxo~

~lvlzxk kx| hovox ho` boz|~ hkzl`noòdo` ho` hkzo`noì elìkd|xk vzk`~kv ho` ox|zo`

{oì boevkz ~oeo hlìo` {oì hki|òdo` hocoe xoxoclxod vojzkd. Eodo hocoe

elìi|òdo` elxahacaik hocoe zo`noìo` joik xkov go~kckxo~ gk~kd ~lbkìio#

vlzo`noìo` go~kckxo~ elz|vodo` ~ox| k~xkcob {oì vl`xkì joik vl`{|~|ò` |`~|z

gk~kd xoxoclxod vojzkd.

Xoxo clxod vojzkd ohocob ~|ox| odxkgkxo~ hl~ok` {oì jlzdokxo` hlìo`

xoìi|ì moyoj hocoe vlìox|zo` cado~k hozk ~lxkov go~kckxo~ vojzkd. Vlìox|zo`

xlz~lj|x odo` eleo`gooxdo` c|o~ ozlo "^vonl+ |`x|d vl`levoxo` el~k` oxo| go~kckxo~

vl`|`moì vzah|d~k cok``{o#dlco`nozo` ilzodo` eoxlzkoc# vl`{kevoò` eoxlzkoc

"~xazoil+ jokd {oì jlz~kgox xlevazlz eo|v|` vlzeo`l`# vlz~a`kc oxo| vldlzmo ho`

~ljoiok`{o.


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:.?.? Hlgk`k~k Zo`noìo` Go~kckxo~

El`|z|x Moel~ E. Ovvcl "Xoxo clxod ho` vlek`hobo` Jobo`# boc :+#

Zo`noìo` go~kckxo~ |e|e`{o hkioejozdo` ~ljoiok zl`noò co`xok# {okx| ~|ox|

~|~|ò` go~kckxo~ gk~kd "vlzclìdovo`# xoòb# joì|ò` ho` ~ozoò cok`+ |`x|d

elìavxke|edo` b|j|ìo` o`xozo vlx|io~ vlcod~oò# ockzo` jozoì# ockzo`

k`gazeo~k# ho` xoxo nozo {oì hkvlzc|do` |`x|d el`novok x|m|o` |~obo~lnozo lgk~kl`#

ldaàek~ ho` oeo`.

:.?.: X|m|o` Hozk Vlzo`noìo` Xoxo Clxod Go~kckxo~ "Ovvcl# boc


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n+ Moio e|x| vldlzmoo` hlìo` elzl`noòdo` vlel`|bo` ~{ozox%~{ozox {oìelìozob voho e|x| {oì jokd.

:.?.:.: Elek`ke|edo` Vlzvk`hobo` Jozoì

Xoxo clxod jokd boz|~ hkzo`noì ~lhkekdko` z|vo ~lbkìio vlek`hobo` jozoì

hkx|z|`do` ~oevok joxo~ ek`ke|e. Mkdo hovox hkcod~oòdo`# vlek`hobo` boz|~

eldo`k~# ho` ~le|o vlek`hobo` boz|~ hkzo`noì |`x|d elek`hobdo` daeva`l`

el`|m| holzob vlìkzkeo`.

:.?.:.> El`moio Dlc|yl~o`

El`moio dlc|yl~o` ovojkco xlzhovox dlohoo` {oì elelzc|do` vlz|jobo`

dleoev|o` vzah|d~k. Jljlzovo vlz|jobo` {oì e|ìdk` xlzmohk hovox hkxoìi|coìk

hlìo` e|hob mkdo hko`xk~kvo~k hocoe vlzl`noòo` oyoc. Nozo {oì |e|e |`x|d

ele|hobdo` vl`{|~|ò` |coì vlzocoxo` k`k ohocob hlìo` elejoì|` oxo|

eleo~oì g|ì~k |xkckxo~ voho xlevox voho xlevox {oì ~oej|ìo`%~oej|ìo`

vlco{oò``{o hovox hkvo~oìdo` hlìo` e|hob dlxkdo joì|ò` hkhkzkdo`. ^|~|ò`

~lvlzxk k`k elejlzk dle|ìdkò` el~k` hkvk`hobdo` dlcado~k joz|# oxo| hkvo~oì

dlejock dl xlevox ~le|co.

:.?.:.8 Elelckbozo Vlzv|xozo` Jozoì ^lxlìob Mohk [oì Xkìik

Hocoe boc k`k vl`{kevoò` jozoì ~lxlìob mohk hkx|z|`do` ~ldlnkc e|ìdk`#

~lbkìio odo` elì|zoìk yodx| xaxoc vlzlhozo` ho` m|ecob jozoì ~lxlìob mohk

hocoe vlz~lhkoo`. Voho odbkz`{o odo` el`{ljojdo` el`|z|`{o jko{o vzah|d~k.


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:.?.:.< El`|z|`do` Vlòòeo` Eahoc Hocoe Vlzocoxo`

^|~|ò` el~k` ho` hlvozxlel` {oì xlvox hovox elejo`x| vl`|z|ò` m|ecob

vlzocoxo` {oì hkj|x|bdo`. ^lcok` kx| dlnlzeoxo` hocoe elekckb elxahl vleza~l~o`

m|io hovox elìbleox vlejlcko` ~lj|ob el~k`.

:.?.:.7 Elìbleox Vleodoko` Z|oì Joì|ò`

^lxkov elxlz vlz~lik c|o~ co`xok hocoe ~lj|ob vojzkd eleodo` jko{o. Xoxo

clxod {oì xlvox hknkzkdo` aclb mozod {oì elek`ke|e o`xoz el~k`# ~lxlcob

dlclc|o~oo` {oì hkvlzc|do` joik ilzodo` azoì ho` jozoì hkxl`x|do`.

:.?.:.9 El`kìdoxdo` Lgldxkwkxo~ Vleodoko` Xlòio Dlzmo

^lm|ecob jl~oz xlòio dlzmo vzah|dxkg hovox xlzj|oì dozlò dlohoo` xoxo

clxod {oì d|zoì jokd. Xoxo clxod {oì jokd hovox el`kìdoxdo` vleodoko` xlòio

dlzmo ~lnozo lgldxkg hlìo` nozo el`{lkejoìdo` ~kdc|~ el~k` ~lbkìio el~k` ho`

vldlzmo xkhod vlzc| elìoìi|z.

:.?.:.2 El`kìdoxdo` Dl~lboxo` Ho` Dl~lcoeoxo` Dlzmo

Elejlzkdo` dle|hobo`# dl~lcoeoxo` ho` dl`{oeoò` voho vlioyok {okx|

hlìo` nozo elevlzboxkdo` xlevox dlzmo ~lvlzxk vl`lzoìo`# vlzio`xko` |hozo#

dl~lcoeoxo`# vlej|oìo`# dlclej|xo` hlj|# daxazo`# dljk~kìo`# vlzck`h|ìo` hozk

dljodozo` ho` cok`%cok`.


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:.?.> Ml`k~%ml`k~ Vlz~aoco` Xoxo Clxod

El`|z|x Moel~ E. Ovvcl "Xoxo Clxod Vojzkd ho` Vlek`hobo` Jobo`# boc ?7+#

~lzkìdock eo~ocob {oì hkbohovk hocoe xoxo clxod elckjoxdo` vkoxo clxoddo` |coì

hozk ~|ox| vza~l~ {oì xlcob oho oxo| vlz|jobo` jljlzovo joiko` hozk ~|~|ò`

vlzocoxo` xlzxl`x|. Eo~ocob hocoe xoxo clxod oho jljlzovo eonoe# ~lvlzxk "Ovvcl# Boc

?7+ =

:.?.>.? Vlz|jobo` Zo`noìo`

^lzkìdock vlz|jobo` zo`noìo` vzah|d el`|`x|x vlz|jobo` vza~l~ oxo|

avlzo~k {oì hkvlzc|do`. Vlz|jobo` k`k e|ìdk` bo`{o elelzc|do` vlìio`xko`

~ljoiko` dlnkc xoxo clxod {oì xlcob oho# oxo| jl`x|d vlzo`noìo` |coì xoxo clxod#

xlzio`x|ì voho vlz|jobo`%vlz|jobo` {oì xlzmohk.

:.?.>.: Vlzc|o~o` Hlvozxlel`

Hlìo` oho`{o vlòejobo` vzah|d~k# e|ìdk` ~omo hkvlzc|do` vlz|jobo`

xoxo clxod. Boc k`k e|ìdk` bo`{o elz|vodo` vlòejobo` ~lm|ecob el~k` {oì

hlìo` e|hob hovox hkoxo~k hlìo` elej|ox ~|ox| z|oìo`# oxo| e|ìdk`

hkvlzc|do` vlzkjobo` ~lc|z|b xoxo clxod mkdo vlzxoejobo` vzah|d~k el`|`x|x

vlz|jobo` vza~l~.

:.?.>.> Vlì|zoìo` Hlvozxlel`

Eo~ocob k`k xlzmohk mkdo m|ecob vzah|d~k jlzd|zoì ~lnozo hzo~xk~ ho`

el`lxov# vlzc| hkxkejoìdo` vleodoko` vza~l~ {oì jlzjlho hozk vza~l~ ~ljlc|e`{o

{oì hki|òdo` |`x|d vzah|d~k xkìik. Vlz|jobo` ~lvlzxk k`k e|ìdk` el`|`x|x

hk~kìdkzdo``{o vlzocoxo` {oì xlcob oho ~ldozoì ho` elzl`noòdo` vleo~oìo`

ml`k~ vlzocoxo` cok`.


12/70

:.?.>.8 Vlòejobo` Vzah|d Joz|

Mkdo vzah|d joz| ~lz|vo hlìo` vzah|d {oì ~lhoì hkdlzmodo` ~lcoeo k`k

hkxoejobdo` voho ck`xo~ vzah|d~k# eo~ocob`{o {oì |xoeo`{o ohocob vlzc|o~o`

hlvozxlel`. Xlxovk mkdo vzah|d k`k jlzjlho hlìo` {oì ~lhoì hkvzah|d~k# hlìo`

~l`hkzk`{o e|`n|c vzah|d joz|. Vlzocoxo` {oì oho hovox hki|òdo` hlìo`

elòejob jljlzovo el~k` joz| hocoe xoxo clxod {oì xlcob oho hlìo` vl`{|~|ò`

|coì ek`ke|e oxo| e|ìdk` elelzc|do` hlvozxlel` joz| oxo| vojzkd joz|.

:.?.>.< Vlek`hobo` ^|ox| Hlvozxlel`

Vlek`hobo` hlvozxlel` hovox el`kej|cdo` eo~ocob xoxo clxod {oì jl~oz.

Mkdo xoxo clxod {oì oho ~ldozoì eo~kb elel`|bk# bo`{o hkvlzc|do` vlek`hobo` dl

cado~k cok`. Xlxovk mkdo xoxo clxod {oì oho ~ldozoì xkhod elel`|bk coik# hkvlzc|do`

vlòxoclxodo` dlejock.

:.?.>.7 Vlòejobo` Hlvozxlel` Joz|

Eo~ocob k`k xkej|c hozk vlekdkzo` |`x|d ele|~oxdo` ml`k~ vldlzmoo` oxo|

elòejob ~|ox| hlvozxlel` |`x|d ~|ox| vldlzmoo` {oì joz|.

:.?.>.9 Vlzleomoo` Vlzocoxo` {oì Z|~od

Vlz~aoco` k`k e|ìdk` el`|`x|x vlek`hobo` vlzocoxo` {oì jlzhldoxo` |`x|d

el`hovoxdo` vlek`hobo` z|oì.

:.?.>.2 Vlz|jobo` Elxahl Vzah|d~k

^lxkov vlz|jobo` dlnkc hocoe ~|ox| xlevox dlzmo ~lzkìdock elev|`{ok

vlìoz|b xlzbohov xlevox dlzmo {oì jlzhoevkìo` oxo| ykco{ob {oì

jlzhoevkìo`. Boc k`k odo` el`|`x|x vl`k`mo|o` dlejock oxo~ ykco{ob {oì xlzckjox.


13/70

:.?.>.; Vl`|z|ò` Jko{o

Boc k`k xl`x|`{o elz|vodo` odkjox hozk ~lxkov dlohoo` hkoxo~.

:.?.>.?6 Vlzl`noòo` Go~kckxo~ Joz|

Hk~k`k zldo{o~oyo` |e|e`{o xkhod hkjoxo~k aclb dl`hoco go~kckxo~ {oì oho

ho` jljo~ elzl`noòdo` xoxo clxod {oì vockì lgk~kl` {oì odo` hkvodok. Hk~oevkì

oho`{o oco~o` |e|e joik vlz~aoco` xoxo clxod oxo| vza{ld xoxo clxod oho v|co ~kx|o~k

xkhod jko~o oxo| dl~|ckxo`%dl~|ckxo` {oì hovox el`|`m|do` vlzc|`{o vlìdomko` oxo~

xoxo clxod {oì oho. Jljlzovo vlx|`m|d o`xozo cok`=

o+ Joì|ò` xkhod nanad hlìo` {oì hkj|x|bdo`j+ Dlioioco` hocoe el`lzovdo` moc|z xld`k~ vzah|d~k dlxkdo hkxlzovdo`n+ Vlz|jobo` zo`noìo` vzah|d oxo| vza~l~ hkj|ox xo`vo elej|ox vlz|jobo`

{oì hkvlzc|do` voho xoxo clxod

h+ Vleo~oìo` vlzocoxo` xoejobo` xo`vo elevlzxkejoìdo` dlxlzdokxo``{ohlìo` vaco ockzo` {oì oho

l+ Yodx| xlzj|oì ho` elìoìi|z {oì xod xlzh|iog+ Dl~|ckxo` vlìl`hocko` vlz~lhkooì+ El`|z|`{o vzah|d~k voho ~|ox| xlevox dlzmob+ Da`hk~k vl`|b ~l~od`{o z|oì%z|oì dlzmok+ Xlzcoc| jo`{od azoì {oì elek`hobdo` jozoìm+ Clblz jaxac oxo| jaxxcl`lndhocoe vzah|d~kd+ Coìdob jockdc+ Vl`{kevoò` ~lel`xozo xlzcoc| jo`{ode+Boejoxo` hocoe ockzo` jozoì


14/70

`+ Dl~|ckxo` vl`mohyocoà+ Vlejaza~o` z|oìo`v+ Elìoìi|z`{o azoì ho` vlzocoxo`q+ Yodx| vleza~l~o` {oì jlzcljkbo`z+ Vlzoyoxo` joì|ò` {oì mlcld oxo| xkhod co{od.

:.?.8 Z|oì Ckìd|v Zo`noìo` Go~kckxo~

Vldlzmoo` zo`noìo` ~lzkìdock hkdkzo bo`{o jlzb|j|ìo` hlìo`

vlzl`noòo` {oì nlzeox ho` xlzk`nk xl`xoì ~|~|ò` vlzocoxo` vzah|d~k. Vohoboc

vlzl`noòo` hlekdko` bo`{o elz|vodo` ~ocob ~ox| xobovo` ~omo hozk ~|ox| zoìdoko`

dlikoxo` {oì ~oìox c|o~ {oì ~ockì jlzb|j|ìo` ho` {oì ~lnozo dl~lc|z|bo`

elejl`x|d dlikoxo` vlzo`noìo` xoxo clxod go~kckxo~. Z|oì ckìd|v vldlzmoo`

zo`noì go~kckxo~ el`nod|v ~ox| domko` {oì nlzeox vockì xkhod hozk jkhoì%jkhoì

jlzkd|x ho` hozk jkhoì xlz~lj|x vlekckbo` hozk ^B[H {okx| hocoe vza~l~ vzah|d~k =

?. Vlìoìd|xo` ?6. Vlzi|hoìo`:. Vl`lzkeoo` ??. Vlìkzkeo`>. I|hoì jobo` jod| ?:. Vlzdo`xazo`8. Vzah|d~k ?>. Go~kckxo~ C|oz "vl`|`moì+


15/70

:.?.< Xo`ho%xo`ho xoxo clxod {oì jokd

Xoxo clxod {oì jokd hovox xlzy|m|h mkdo elekckdk jljlzovo dozodxlzk~xkd {oì

mlco~ {oì hovox hkckbox jobdo` hozk ~|ox| vlìoeoxo` jko~o# ohov|` hko`xozo`{o

ohocob dlxlzdokxo` dlikoxo`# elxahl vlek`hobo` ho` vaco ockzo` jozoì xlzl`noò#

ockzo` ho` ioì {oì c|z|~# moc|z ockzo` xoejobo`# vlek`hobo` o`xoz avlzo~k ~lzxo

mozod vlek`hobo` ho` coìdob jockd {oì ek`ke|e# vleza~l~o` hkioj|ì hlìo`

vlek`hobo` jobo`# vlek`hobo` jlzilzod hozk vl`lzkeoo` el`|m| vlìkzkeo`#

avlzo~k vlzxoeo hldox hlìo` vlìkzkeo`# vl`{kevoò` voho xlevox vleodoko` mkdo

e|ìdk`# xoxo clxod {oì hovox hk~l~|okdo` hlìo` vlz|jobo`# hkzl`noòdo` |`x|d

vlzc|o~o` xlzl`noò# jozoì ~lxlìob mohk ek`ke|e# ~l~lhkdkx e|ìdk` jobo` xlìob

hkvza~l~# vleodoko` ~lc|z|b co`xok vojzkd eod~ke|e# z|oì vl`{kevoò` {oì

n|d|v# joì|ò` hkhkzkdo` hk~ldlckckì xoxoclxod# jobo` hko`xoz dlvldlzmo ho` hkoejkc

hozk xlevox dlzmo# ~l~lhkdkx e|ìdk` moco` dodk o`xoz avlzo~k vzah|d~k# vl`levoxo`

{oì xlvox |`x|d go~kckxo~ vlco{oò` vzah|d~k ho` vldlzmo# ocox vlek`hob eldo`k~

hkvo~oì voho xlevox {oì ~l~|ok# g|ì~k vlco{oò` vldlzmo {oì n|d|v# vlìl`hock

dljk~kìo`# daxazo`# hlj|# o~ov# dlclejovo`# h~j {oì n|d|v# yodx| vleza~l~o`

joik yodx| vzah|d~k xaxoc eod~ke|e ~lzxo vl`levoxo` {oì vo`xo~ joik joiko`

vl`lzkeoo` ho` vlìkzkeo`.


16/70

:.?.7 Vzk`~kv Ho~oz Hocoe Vl`levoxo` El~k`

Jlzho~ozdo` o~vld ho~oz# x|m|o` {oì kìk` hknovok ~lzxo dl|`x|ìo`%

dl|`x|ìo` {oì jk~o hkhovoxdo` hocoe ~|ox| xoxo clxod vojzkd {oì xlzl`noòdo`

hlìo` jokd eodo ovvcl elz|e|~do` vzk`~kv ho~oz hocoe vl`{|~|ò` xoxo clxod

vojzkd ~ljoiok jlzkd|x=

:.?.7.? Vzk`~kv K`xlizo~k ^lnozo Xaxoc

Vzk`~kv k`k el`{oxodo` jobyo xoxo clxod vojzkd ohocob elz|vodo` k`xlizo~k

~lnozo xaxoc hozk ~lc|z|b lclel` vzah|d~k {oì oho el`mohk ~ox| |`kx avlzo~k {oì

jl~oz.

:.?.7.: Vzk`~kv Mozod Vlzvk`hobo` Jobo` [oì Vockì Ek`keoc

Boevkz ~lxkov vza~l~ {oì xlzmohk hocoe ~|ox| k`h|~xzk el`noìd|v jljlzovo

ilzodo` vlzvk`hobo` hozk eoxlzkoc# {oì xkhod jk~o dkxo bk`hozk ~lnozo dl~lc|z|bo`#

~lbkìio hocoe vza~l~ vlek`hobo` jobo` hozk ~|ox| avlzo~k {oì cok`# yodx| hovox

hkbleox hlìo` nozo elì|zoìk mozod vlzvk`hobo` xlz~lj|x. Boc k`k jk~o

hkcod~oòdo` hlìo` el`levoxdo` avlzo~k {oì jlzkd|x`{o ~lhldox e|ìdk` hlìo`

avlzo~k {oì ~ljlc|e`{o.

:.?.7.> Vzk`~kv Ockzo` Hozk ^|ox| Vza~l~ Dlzmo

Vzk`~kv k`k elz|vodo` hozk mozod vlzvk`hobo` jobo` {oì ~lek`keoc e|ìdk`

{oì xlcob hk~lj|xdo` voho j|xkz ":.9.:+ hk oxo~. Hlìo` vzk`~kv k`k hk|~obodo` |`x|d

elìbk`hozk oho`{o ilzodo` jockd "jond%xzondkì+# ilzodo` eleaxaì "nza~~%

eawlel`x+# dleonlxo` "naìl~xka`+ ho` ~lhovox e|ìdk` eoxlzkoc jlzilzod xlz|~

xo`vo oho k`xlz|v~k.


17/70

:.?.7.8 Vzk`~kv Vleo`gooxo` Z|oìo`

Voho ho~oz`{o xoxoclxod ohocob ~|ox| vlìox|zo` z|oìo` {oì odo` hkvodok

aclb lclel`x gk~kd = eo`|~ko# jobo`# el~k`# vlzocoxo` {oì elekckdk xkio hkel`~k

{okx| o~vld wac|el. Hk~oevkì kx| ilzodo` hozk azoì# jobo` oxo| el~k` m|io xlzmohk

hocoe ~ocob ~ox| ozob hozk xkio ~|ej| {okx| ~|ej| r# {# ho` } ~lbkìio {oì

hkvlzbkx|ìdo` hocoe vlzl`noòo` xoxo clxod z|oì xkhod bo`{o ~ldlhoz o~vld c|o~

"gcaaz ~vonl+# xlxovk m|io o~vldwac|el "n|jkn ~vonl+.

:.?.7.< Vzk`~kv Dlv|o~o` Ho` Dl~lcoeoxo` Dlzmo

Dlv|o~o` dlzmo joik ~l~lazoì ohocob ~oìox jl~oz ozxk`{o. Hlìo` elej|ox

~|o~oò dlzmo {oì el`{lòìdo` ho` ele|o~do`# eodo ~lnozo axaeoxk~ odo`

jo`{od dl|`x|ìo` {oì hovox hkvlzaclb.

:.?.7.7 Vzk`~kv Gcld~kjkckxo~

Vzk`~kv k`k ~oìox jlzozxk hocoe ojoh hkeoò zk~lx kcekob# dae|`kdo~k# ho`

xzo`~vazxo~k jlzilzod hlìo` nlvox {oì elìodkjoxdo` h|`ko k`h|~xzk boz|~ kd|x

jlzvon| |`x|d elìkejoìk`{o.

:.?.9 Ockzo` Eoxlzkoc

Hocoe ~lxkov vlz|~oboo` vzah|dxkwkxo~ jko~o`{o hkx|`moì hlìo` ~oìox jokd

aclb ockzo` |`~|z {oì jlzilzod elcoc|k go~kckxo~ hlìo` lgk~kl`. Boc k`k ~oeo

vl`xkì`{o hocoe ~lj|ob vlzv|~xodoo`# xada iza~kz# do`xaz va~# eo|v|` ~xo~k|` j|~#

voho xkov do~|~ |`~|z%|`~|z {oì eleo~|dk ~k~xle hkvza~l~ ho` el`kìiocdo`

~k~xle hocoe da`hk~k {oì jlz|job. X|m|o` |xoeo hocoe vlzl`noòo` vlz|~oboo`

{oì lgk~kl` ohocob elevlzaclb ockzo` |`~|z {oì odo` elevlze|hob vlzvk`hobo`


18/70

|`~|z {oì lgk~kl` clyox dlikoxo`. Eo~ocob ockzo` dl~lc|z|bo` e|`n|c hozk dlj|x|bo`

|`x|d elek`hobdo` |`~|z "jobo`# daeva`l`# azoì+ hozk vlze|coo` vza~l~

"vl`lzkeoo`+ ~oevok hlìo` odbkz "vlìkzkeo`+ ~lvo`moì ck`xo~o` {oì vockì

lgk~kl`. Da`~lv ockzo` ~lvo`moì vlz|~oboo` vockì jokd hovox hkzk`|vodo` hlìo`

elevlzxkejoìdo` jobyo xkov |`~|z {oì eleo~|dk joì|ò` elìockz ~lvo`moì

joì|ò`# elìkd|xk ck`xo~o` {oì xlcob hkxlxovdo` jokd hkzl`noòdo` eo|v|` xkhod#

~oevok xkjo hkodbkz vza~l~. Eodo# mkdo xkov |`~|z xlcob elekckdk ck`xo~o``{o ~l`hkzk

~lvo`moì go~kckxo~# daeva~k~k hozk jljlzovo ockzo` eo`hkzk el`mohk vaco ockzo`

dl~lc|z|bo` hocoe vlz|~oboo`. oho : daeva~k~k ockzo` jozoì {oì vlzxoeo ck`xo~o`

{oì ~kevoì ~k|z elò`hodo` d|zoì`{o vlzl`noòo` ockzo` jozoì. [oì dlh|o

vlìlcaevado` ck`xo~o` jozoì {oì zovk ho` xlzox|z hlìo` jlzjoiok dlvohoxo`#

elcoc|k jljlzovo ykco{ob go~kckxo~ hlìo` co`noz.

Eodo# vaco ockzo` vlzc| hkzl`noòdo` dlxkejoì hkjkozdo` jlzdlejoì

~lvo`moì yodx|# hlìo` nozo ~lejozoì. Hovox hkdoxodo` jobyo dljlzbo~kco`

el`{lc|z|b hozk vlz|~oboo` oxo| vockì xkhod vzagkxojkckxo~`{o elz|vodo` vo`x|co`

coì~|ì hozk |~obo {oì jlzmoco` hocoe vlzl`noòo`.

Ioejoz :.? Vl`xkì`{o Ockzo` Jozoì

Ockzo` jozoì hkzl`nodo`

Xoxo clxod {oì zkìdo~

A lzo~k lgk~kl`

Jko o zah|d~k ek ke

dljlzbo~kco`


19/70

:.?.2 Dl|`x|ìo` Ockzo` Jozoì

^lj|ob vaco ockzo` jozoì {oì hkzl`nodo` hlìo` jokd ho` nlzeox

elev|`{ok jljlzovo dl|`x|ìo`# ho` vaco ockzo` {oì jokd odo` el`|m| vo`novoko`

jljlzovo x|m|o` zo`noìo` go~kckxo~. Jlzkd|x dl|`x|ìo` kx| ohocob elòkddo`

lgk~kl`~k vzah|d~k# vleo`gooxo` z|oìo` vojzkd {oì cljkb jokd# dlikoxo` vlek`hobo`

{oì cljkb ~lhlzboò# vleo`gooxo` vlzocoxo` cljkb jokd ho` elì|zoìk yodx|

elìoìi|z# elì|zoìk yodx| vza~l~ ho` vlz~lhkoo` hocoe vza~l~# vleo`gooxo`

xlòio dlzmo cljkb lgk~kl`# elì|zoìk dlz|~odo` vzah|d# dlnlcodoo` ek`keoc#

elì|zoìk mozod moco` dodk ho` dleonlxo` coc| ck`xo~ hk ioì# vlìl`hocko` vzah|d~k

cljkb ~lhlzboò# coìdob jockd ek`ke|e# ockzo` vzah|d~k co`noz# vza~l~ vl`mohyoco`

cljkb jokd# elì|zoìk da`hk~k vl`|b ~l~od# dlz|eobxoìioo` cljkb jokd# ho` |z|xo`

vldlzmoo` {oì caik~.

mkdo eo`goox kx| hovox hknovok hlìo` elzl`noòdo` ockzo` jozoì# xkhodcob

~|ckx elckbox dl~ocobo` {oì jlzdlejoì hocoe vlz|~oboo` {oì elev|`{ok vaco

ockzo` xkhod xlzl`noò. Ho` `{oxo`{o# ~ljokd`{o oho vlzl`noòo` ockzo` {oì jlzcod|

~ldozoì# ho` vlzl`noòo` ockzo` k`h|d oxo| vaco |`x|d vlzl`noòo` moìdo vo`moì.


20/70

:.?.; Vaco Ockzo` Jobo`

El`|z|x Moel~ E. Ovvcl# ?;;6# ^lnozo |e|e xlzhovox < eahlc ockzo` jobo`

ho` eo~kì%eo~kì vaco ockzo` xlz~lj|x elekckdk jljlzovo dld|zoìo` ho` dlcljkbo`

{okx|=

:.?.;.? Iozk~ C|z|~ "~xzokibx ck`l+

Hki|òdo` mkdo vza~l~ vzah|d~k vl`hld# zlcoxkwl ~lhlzboò ho` bo`{o

elìo`h|ì ~lhkdkx daeva`l` oxo| jljlzovo vlzocoxo` vzah|d~k. Vaco ockzo` jobo`

jlzho~ozdo` iozk~ c|z|~ k`k odo` elejlzkdo`=

o+ Mozod {oì xlzvl`hld o`xozo h|o xkxkdj+ Vza~l~ oxo| odxkgkxo~ vzah|d~k jlzcoì~|ì ~lvo`moì iozk~ c|z|~ {okx| hozk

el~k` vlzxoeo ~oevok el~k` xlzodbkz

n+ Mozod vlzvk`hobo` jobo` "bo`hckì hk~xo`nl+ ~lnozo xaxoc odo` dlnkc dozlòmozod o xozo eo~kì%eo~kì el~k` ohocob {oì ~lvl`hld%vl`hld`{o.

:.?.;.: ]ki%]oi!|coz "~lzvl`xk`l oxo| ^%^bovlh+

Hkxlzovdo` mkdo ck`xo~o` cljkb vo`moì hozk z|oìo` {oì hovox hki|òdo`

|`x|d hkxlevoxk`{o ho` dozlò`{o jlzjlcad%jlcad hlìo` ~l`hkzk`{o |`x|d

elejlzkdo` ck`xo~o` ockzo` {oì cljkb vo`moì hocoe joì|ò` hlìo` c|o~# jl`x|d

ho` |d|zo` {oì cljkb ldaàek~.

Ioejoz :.: Vaco Ockzo` Jobo` Iozk~ C|z|~

? : 7

?

:

8

Ioejoz :.> Vaco Ockzo` Jobo` ]ki%}oi!|coz


21/70

:.?.;.> Jl`x|d \ "\%^bovlh+

Hkxlzovdo` mkdo hkbozovdo` vzah|d mohk`{o elìodbkzk vza~l~ voho xlevox

{oì zlcoxkwl ~oeo hlìo` oyoc vza~l~# dozlò dlohoo` go~kckxo~ xzo`~vazxo~k#

vleodoko` el~k` jlz~oeo# ho` ~ljoiok`{o. Ovojkco iozk~ ockzo` jobo` zlcoxkwl

vo`moì# eodo vaco jl`x|d \ k`k odo` lgk~kl` ho` |`x|d k`k cljkb jokd hki|òdo` vaco

ockzo` jobo` xkvl }ki%}oi.

:.?.;.8 Elckìdoz

Hkxlzovdo` mkdo hkbozovdo` jozoì oxo| vzah|d dlejock dlxlevox {oì xlvox

yodx|.

7 < 8

>:?

Ioejoz :.8 Vaco Ockzo` Jobo` Jl`x|d \

:

>

7

8


22/70

:.?.;.< Jlz~|h|x Io`mkc "Ahh%Oìcl+

Xkhod jlikx| hkdlòc hkjo`hkìdo` vaco%vaco ockzo` {oì cok`. Voho ho~oz`{o

vaco k`k ~oìox |e|e ho` jokd hki|òdo` |`x|d=

o+ M|do x|m|o` |xoeo`{o |`x|d elevlzvl`hld ck`xo~o` ockzo` o`xozo dlcaevadhozk ykco{ob {oì jlzhldoxo`.

j+ Mkdo vlek`hobo``{o eldo`k~.n+ Mkdo dlxlzjoxo~o` z|oìo` xkhod elejlzk dle|ìdkò` vaco cok`.h+ Mkdo cado~k vlzeo`l`x hozk go~kckxo~ {oì oho el`|`x|x vaco ~lvlzxk kx|.

Odo` hovox hkvlzboxkdo` ò`xk jobyo vaco ockzo` xlzxl`x| el`|`m|do`

eahkgkdo~k oxo~ vaco ockzo` |e|e {oì xlzckbox ~lvlzxk voho=

o+ Vlzjlhoo` xlevox vl`lzkeoo` ho` vlìkzkeo`j+ Vlzjlhoo` m|ecob daeva`l` vzah|dn+ Vlzjlhoo` m|ecob xlevox oxo| hlvozxlel` vlelza~l~o`h+ Vlzjlhoo` elxahl vlek`hobo` jozoìl+ \d|zo` ho` da`gki|zo~k go~kckxo~ "mkdo go~kckxo~ xlcob xlz~lhko+.

?

:

>

+ ho` "8+ el`moek` jobyo ocado~k el~k` hozk ml`k~ {oì ~oeo voho

~ox| oxo| jljlzovo eah|c hkjoxo~k aclb m|ecob el~k` {oì xlz~lhko hozk ml`k~ xlz~lj|x

voho co`xok vojzkd. Vlejoxo~o` "


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~lnozo kevck~kx odo` el`kej|dco` YKV ho` jko{o eoxlzkoc bo`hckì. âc|~k {oì

khloc ohocob elevza~l~ ~lnozo clìdov ~|ox| vzah|d voho ~|ox| eah|c gcayck`l

~l`hkzk. @oe|` boc k`k odo` el`kìdoxdo` k`wl~xo~k hocoe vlòejobo` el~k`.

^xzoxlik vzodxk~ ohocob hlìo` eleod~ke|edo` m|ecob avlzo~k jlz|z|xo` hocoe

za|xkì {oì hkcod|do` voho eah|c {oì ~oeo. Vlejoxo~ "7+ ho` vlejoxo~ "9+

elz|vodo` vlejoxo~%vlejoxo~ wozkojlc dlv|x|~o`.

Eahlc eoxleoxk~ xoxo clxod eah|coz {oì hk~|~|` aclb Kzo` ho` B|oì ":666+

xlz~lj|x elz|vodo` vlzeo~ocobo` @V%naevclxl# ~lbkìio vlelnobo``{o hkho~ozdo`

oxo~ vza~lh|z bl|zk~xkd. Hoxo eo~|do` {oì hkvlzc|do` ohocob ml`k~ vzah|d# |z|xo`

avlzo~k |`x|d xkov vzah|d ho` m|ecob vzah|d~k |`x|d xkov vzah|d.

Elxahl {oì hki|òdo` Kzo` ho` B|oì "?;;2+ |`x|d el`{|~|` xoxo clxod

eah|coz hkho~ozdo` voho xlazk ~lq|l`nl naevozk~a`. Xlzhovox h|o ml`k~ ~lq|l`nl

oxo| ~xzkì {oì hki|òdo`# {okx| naeea` ~lq|l`nl ho` zl~kh|oc ~lq|l`nl. Naeea`

~lq|l`nl oxo| naeea` ~|j~xzkì "N^+ elz|vodo` ~|j~lq|l`nl hozk ~ld|ev|co`

avlzo~k ~lnozo jlz|z|xo` {oì hki|òdo` jlz~oeo aclb h|o oxo| cljkb ~lq|l`nl

"|z|xo` avlzo~k+. Zl~kh|oc ~lq|l`nl ohocob ~k~o ~|j~lq|l`nl ~lxlcob naeea`

~lq|l`nl hkld~xzod hozk ~lj|ob |z|xo` avlzo~k. Mkdo xlzhovox ~lq|l`nl O

"?:>8+ ho` "79+ ho` zl~kh|oc ~lq|l`nl%`{o ohocob "8


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:. Elìlcaevado` el~k`%el~k` dlhocoe xoxo clxod eah|coz hlìoèlìi|òdo` xlazk oòck~k~ dco~xlz hozk Xoe "?;;6+.

>. El`{|~|` |z|xo` avlzo~k joz| hlìo` elìi|òdo` xoxo clxod eah|coz.8. El`l`x|do` m|ecob el~k` {oì hkj|x|bdo` hocoe ~lxkov xoxo clxod eah|coz

ho` el`{|~|` xoxo clxod jcad {oì ~l~|ok hlìo` |z|xo` avlzo~k {oì joz|.

:.:.> Ociazkxeo ^B[H

Ociazkxeo |~|co` {oì hki|òdo` |`x|d el`{|~|` xoxo clxod eah|coz ohocob

hkho~ozdo` oxo~ xlazk izovb# hlìo` el`mohkdo` naeea` ~|j~xzkì ~ljoiok ~kev|c

~lhoìdo` avlzo~k%avlzo~k {oì hki|òdo` ~lnozo jlz~oeo aclb ~lvo~oì ~kev|c

hkmohkdo` ~ljoiok j|~|z`{o.Ociazkxeo {oì hk|~|cdo` elìi|òdo` m|ecob avlzo~k

voho xkov j|~|z ~ljoiok |d|zo` dld|oxo` b|j|ìo` o`xozo ~lvo~oì ~kev|c "naeea`

~|j~xzkì+.^leodk` jo`{od m|ecob avlzo~k hozk ~|ox| vo~oì ~kev|c eodo ~leodk`

d|ox v|co b|j|ìo` vo~oìo` xlz~lj|x.

Ociazkxeo k`k hkjoik el`mohk h|o xobov. Xobov vlzxoeo ohocob vl`nozko`

naeea` ~|j~xzkì ~ljoiok ~kev|c%~kev|c hozk mozkìo` {oì bl`hod hkj|ox ~lzxo

vl`l`x|o` zo`dkì |`x|d xkov ~kev|c xlz~lj|x. Xobov dlh|o ohocob vlej|oxo` ~kzd|kx

Boekcxa`ko` elcoc|k vlejl`x|do` j|~|z%j|~|z o`xozo ~kev|c%~kev|c {oì hke|cok

hozk vo~oìo` ~kev|c {oì elekckdk b|j|ìo` vockì d|ox.

Vlejl`x|do` ~kzd|kx odo` hke|cok hozk ~lvo~oì ~kev|c {oì elekckdk

b|j|ìo` {oì xlzd|ox ho` ~lco`m|x`{o jlzdlejoì hozk dlh|o ~kev|c odbkz {oì

xlzjl`x|d xlz~lj|x. J|~|z {oì joz| odo` hkj|ox ~lnozo xlz|~ el`lz|~ ~lbkìio


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xlzjl`x|d ~kzd|kx Boekcxa`ko`. Ociazkxeo ^B[H ~lnozo clìdov ohocob ~ljoiok

jlzkd|x=

?. Xl`x|do` naeea` ~|j~xzkì ~ljoiok ~lj|ob ~kev|c |`x|d eo~kì%eo~kìnaeea` ~|j~xzkì.

:. \z|xdo` xkov ~kev|c ~l~|ok hlìo` jo`{od`{o m|ecob avlzo~k.>. Ioejoz h|o ~kev|c {oì elekckdk àeaz |z|x ? ho` : ~ljoiok noca`

vo~oìo` naeea` ~|j~xzkì. Mkdo dlh|o`{o elekckdk h|o oxo| cljkb avlzo~k

{oì ~oeo eodo hkjl`x|d j|~|z o`xozo dlh|o ~kev|c xlz~lj|x.

8. Vkckb ~kev|c jlzkd|x`{o. Mkdo ~kev|c k`k elekckdk h|o oxo| cljkb avlzo~k {oì~oeo hlìo` jljlzovo ~kev|c odbkz {oì xlzjl`x|d "jlzjlho mozkìo`+ oxo|

~kev|c%~kev|c {oì jlc|e xlzb|j|ìdo` aclb j|~|z# eodo hkjl`x|d j|~|z

o`xozo ~kev|c hlìo` ~kev|c odbkz oxo| ~kev|c {oì cok`. \coìk coìdob

xlz~lj|x ~oevok hlìo` ~le|o ~kev|c ~|hob xlzvkckb.

Eahlc ^ke|co~k

Argazh Oelzkno` Hknxkaòz{ "?;26+ el`hlgk`k~kdo` ~ke|co~k ~ljoiok ^lj|ob

nozo |`x|d elìbo~kcdo` da`hk~k hozk ~|ox| ~kx|o~k ~ljoiok ~lj|ob eahlc# |`x|d

dlvlzc|o` vl`lcoobo`# oxo| vlì|mko`# oxo| vlcoxkbo`# ho` ~ljoiok`{o. Hocoe


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dokxo``{o hlìo` ~k~xle zloc# ^nbzkjlz "?;29+ elìle|dodo` ^ke|co~k ohocob

vleahlco` hozk ~|ox| vza~l~ oxo| ~k~xle ~lhlekdko` bkìio eahlc xlz~lj|x hovox

el`kz|do` ho` elzl~va` dlmohko` ~k~xle odx|oc {oì hovox hkv|xoz |coì ~lxkov

~oox. Odbkz`{o# hlgk`k~k vzodxk~ jlzdokxo` hlìo` ~k~xle hkòekd hkjlzkdo` aclb

Bozzlc lx oc.# ":668+ ^ke|co~k ohocob kekxo~k ~k~xle hkòekd elìi|òdo` eahlc

daev|xlz |`x|d elìlwoc|o~k ho` elìlejoìdo` vlzgazeo`~k ~k~xle.

Oco~o` hki|òdo``{o ~ke|co~k voho vza~l~ vzah|d~k ohocob vlzxoeo dozlò

~ke|co~k hovox el`lzkeo wozkojlc onod oxo| k`da`~k~xl`~k hozk dlhoxoìo` jobo`

jod|. Dlh|o# dozlò ~ke|co~k xlcob xlzj|dxk dllgldxkgkxo~o``{o |`x|d elòìo`k boc%

boc daevcld~ ~lv|xoz dlv|x|~o`%dlv|x|~o` eo`|godx|zkì. Danbo` "?;27+

elìle|dodo` jobyo# Vlze|xo~k ho` daejkò~k {oì e|ìdk` hozk ~lxkov vaxaì

jl`ho dlzmo# vlzocoxo`# vocclx# vlek`hob jobo`# oc|z vlzvk`hobo`# avlzo~k hcc# ho`

bo~kc vlzgazeo`~k`{o ohocob boevkz xod vlzòb jlzodbkz. ^ke|co~k daev|xlz el`mohk

~|ox| dlvlzc|o` el`ho~oz hocoe el`hl~ok` ~k~xle vzodxkd. Vlzo`noìo` ~ke|co~k

hkcod|do` elìi|òdo` ~|ox| vza~lh|z xlzxl`x| oioz hovox elìbo~kcdo` xkz|o`

~k~xle zloc {oì ~lhldox%hldox`{o ho` oioz hovox hlìo` e|hob hkcod|do`

vlìoòck~oo`.


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Elevzl~l`xo~kdo` Bo~kc`{o

Elcod|do` Vlznajoo`

Elewockho~k Eahlc

Elejoì|` Eahlc

Elì|ev|cdo` ho`

elìoòck~o hoxo ~{~xle

El`l`x|do` x|m|o`# joxo~o`#

ho` Elì|ev|cdo` Hoxo

Ioejoz :.?> Vza~lh|z vlzo`noìo` ~ke|co~k "Bozzlc# :668+


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JOJ KKK

ELXAHACAIK VL@LCKXKO@

Hocoe elcod|do` vl`lckxko` hkvlzc|do` xobovo` {oì hovox hk~omkdo` hocoe

ioejoz >.? joiokeoò vl`lckxko` xlz~lj|x hovox jlzmoco` hlìo` jokd ho` xlzozob#

hkeoò Joiko` ? elz|vodo` ~x|hk vl`hob|c|o` {oì xlzhkzk hozk vza~l~%vza~l~ hocoe

elcod|do` ~x|hk hk covoìo`. Joiko` : elz|vodo` xk`mo|o` voho ckxlzox|z. ^lxlcob

el`hovoxdo` ioejozo` da`hk~k `{oxo hozk covoìo` ho` m|io eahlc zlglzl`~k hozk

xk`mo|o` v|~xodo# eodo hkjoiko` > hkcod|do` vlìlejoìo` eahlc. Voho joiko` 8#

hkcod|do` wlzkgkdo~k eahlc# ~x|hk do~|~ hk VX Nkxkckxl J|oò V|xzo "NCJV+.Joiko` .? ^x|hk Vl`hob|c|o`

^x|hk vl`hob|c|o` {oì hkcod|do` jlz|vo xo`{o moyoj hlìo` hkzldx|z NCJV

ho` vozo vlcod~oò hk covoìo`. X|m|o` elcod|do` ~x|hk covoìo` k`k ohocob |`x|d

el`hovoxdo` ioejozo` ~lnozo coì~|ì da`hk~k {oì oho hk vlz|~oboo` voho

|e|e`{o# ho` NCJV db|~|~`{o.Bo~kc hozk joiko` ? k`k hki|òdo` ~ljoiok ho~oz

vlìlejoìo` eahlc voho joiko` >.\zoko` ~lclìdov`{o elìlòk ~x|hk

vl`hob|c|o` k`k hovox hkckbox voho Joj KW Vlìlejoìo` Eahlc.


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>.: Xk`mo|o` V|~xodo

Voho xobov k`k hkcod|do` ~x|hk xlzbohov xlazk%xlazk {oì hki|òdo` ~ljoiok

da`~lv ho~oz hocoe el`nozk ~ac|~k vlzeo~ocobo` {oì el`mohk aj{ld domko` hocoe

vl`lckxko` ^dzkv~k k`k. ^x|hk hkcod|do` xlzbohov ckxlzox|z%ckxlzox|z {oì jlzdokxo`

hlìo` ~k~xle eo`|godx|z# xoxo clxod vojzkd# ho` eahlc ^B[H "~kzd|kx Boekcxa`ko`

{oì hkeahkgkdo~k+.

>.> Vlz|e|~o` eo~ocob

Vlzeo~ocobo` {oì oho hkz|e|~do` oioz cljkb xlzozob ~l~|ok hlìo` bo~kc

~x|hk v|~xodo. Vlzeo~ocobo` {oì odo` hkjobo~ ohocob ~ljlzovo mo|b xkìdox

vzah|dxkgkxo~ co{a|x {oì oho ~ldozoì# mozod ockzo` jobo` vzah|d~k# dl~lcoeoxo` ho`

dl`{oeoò` avlzoxaz hocoe elcod~oòdo` vldlzmoo``{o# ~lco`m|x`{o hkcod|do`

vlì|mko` eahlc.

>.8 Vlì|ev|co` ho` vlìacobo` hoxo

Voho xobov k`k hkcod|do` vlìacobo` hoxo {oì jlzdokxo` hlìo`

vlzeo~ocobo` {oì hovox hki|òdo` |`x|d elelnobdo` eo~ocob. ^lnozo |e|e

vlì|ev|co` hoxo hkcod|do` hlìo` jlzjoiok nozo o`xozo cok` elìohodo`

vlìoeoxo` coì~|ì hkcovoìo`# elcod|do` yoyo`nozo coì~|ì dlvoho vkbod

{oì xlzdokx hkhocoe vlz|~oboo`# el`noxox hoxo {oì hkvlzc|do` |`x|d vl`lckxko`

cljkb co`m|x.


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^lxlcob vlì|ev|co` hoxo el`n|ìd|vk# dle|hko` hkcod|do` vlìacobo`

hoxo |`x|d el`l`x|do` joiok eoò xoxoclxod go~kckxo~ {oì lgldxkg ho` lgk~kl` joik

yazd ~bav.

>.< Oòck~k~

Xobov k`k hkcod|do` ~lxlcob hkcod|do` ~x|hk do~|~ ho` wockho~k eahlc.Mkdo

bo~kc`{o wockh# coìdob jlzkd|x`{o ohocob elìoòck~k~ eahlc ho` vlzkcod|`{o.

\`x|d cljkb clìdov`{o# xobov ~x|hk do~|~ ho` oòck~k~ odo` hkjobo~ voho Joj W

Kevclel`xo~k Eahlc ho` Oòck~k~.

>.7 Dl~kev|co`

Coìdob ~lco`m|x`{o ohocob hkj|ox ~|ox| dl~kev|co` elìlòk vl`lckxko` ho`

vlìlejoìo` eahlc {oì xlcob hkcod|do`.Dle|hko`# zldael`ho~k jlzk~k ~ozo`%

~ozo` |`x|d elcod|do` vlìlejoìo` vl`lckxko` ~lco`m|x`{o.Dlh|o boc k`k hovox

hkckbox voho Joj WK Dl~kev|co` ho` ~ozo`.


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Co`m|xdo` dl ~x|hk do~|~

Vlìacobo` Hoxo

El`l`x|do` naeea` ~|j~xzkì el`mohk ~kev|c. Elì|z|zxdo` ~kev|c. Elekckb h|o ~kev|c {oì v|`{o zo`dkì ? ho` :. Vkckb ~kev|c {oì cok` ~lnozo jlz|z|xo`. b|j|ìdo` ~kev|c hlìo` j|~|z h|ee{ dlvoho

~kev|c odbkz# ~kev|c odbkz voho ~k~k odbkz.

Xk`mo|o` V|~xodo

Xoxo clxod^B[H

^x|hk Vl`hob|c|o`

^k~xle avlzo~k vzah|dHoxo xoxo clxod ho` hkel`~k cado~kHoxo vza~l~ vzah|d~kHoxo l`xkxo~Hoxo avlzoxaz

Ioejoz >.? Elxahacaik Vl`lckxko`

Khl`xkgkdo~k eo~ocob

El`hovoxdo` xoxo clxod

joz| {oì cljkb lgk~kl`.


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JOJ KW

VL@I\EV\CO@ HO@ VL@IACOBO@ HOXO

8.? Vlì|ev|co` Hoxo

Voho joj k`k odo` hkjobo~ elìlòk da`hk~k |e|e vlz|~obo` {oì

elz|vodo` hoxo {oì hkj|x|bdo` |`x|d vlìacobo` hoxo ho` vlì|ev|co` hoxo {oì

hkcod|do`. \`x|d cljkb mlco~`{o da`hk~k |e|e hozk vlz|~oboo` ohocob elìlòk

da`hk~k vlz|~oboo`# go~kckxo~ ho` el~k`# vza~l~ vzah|d~k# ockzo` eoxlzkoc# ho` xoxo

clxod vojzkd.

8.?.? ^lmozob ho` Da`hk~k Vlz|~obo`

VX. Nkxkckxl J|oò V|xzo "NCJV+ elz|vodo` ~lj|ob Vlz|~oboo` ^yo~xo

@o~kaòc {oì hk hkzkdo` voho j|co` Oi|~x|~ ?;26 hk Modozxo.Voho xob|` ?;;?

vlz|~oboo` k`k el`hkzkdo` vojzkd hk doyo~o` Hlvad. Vlz|~oboo` k`k elz|vodo`

wl`haz joik zlxokc%zlxokc daeva`l` lcldxza`kd dov coev| XC hk K`ha`l~ko eo|v|`

wl`haz joik vldlzmoo`%vldlzmoo` vza{ld jlzjoiok ~doco.

Vzah|d hkj|ox aclb NCJV hkdlzmodo` jlzho~ozdo` vl~oò` vlcoìio` elcoc|k

xl`hlz oxo| vlejlcko` coì~|ì. Jlzho~ozdo` ~k~xle eo`|godx|z# eodo NCJV

el`moco`do` ~xzoxlik avlzo~k EXA ho` EG^. Boc k`k hkcod|do` dozlò ml`k~ vzah|d

{oì hkj|ox jlz~kgox ~xo`hoz ho` eo~~oc.


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8.?.: ^x|dx|z Azio`k~o~k

Hocoe el`moco`do` odxkgkxo~ |~obo`{o# NCJV elekckdk ~xz|dx|z azio`k~o~k

~lvlzxk {oì xlzxlzo voho Ioejoz 8.?

Ioejoz 8.? ^xz|dx|z Azio`k~o~k NCJV

Hlyo` Daek~ozk~

Hkzldx|z

\xoeo

Eoòilz

Vzah|d~k

Eoòilz

Eozdlxkì

Eoòilz \e|e#

Ohe ' dl|oìo`

Hkwk~k

Gonxaz{ _N I|hoìHkwk~k

zlxokc

Hkwk~k

Vzamld

Hkwk~k

Vlejlcko`

HkwOhe#

\e|e


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8.?.> Oc|z \e|e Vza~l~ Dlzmo NCJV

Oc|z |e|e vza~l~ dlzmo hk NCJV hk~lclìiozodo` ~ljoiok jlzkd|x=

?+ Oc|z dlzmo NCJV hke|cok hozk odxkwkxo~ vleo~ozo` jlz|vo vl`lzkeooàzhlz vlcoìio` ~ljoiok bo~kc hozk xl`hlz vzamld {oì hkelòìdo`

vlz|~oboo`# hozk vl`|`m|do` coì~|ì oxo| hozk vlel~oò` zlxokclz ~lnozo

zli|clz.

:+ Azhlz {oì xlcob hkxlzkeo kx| ~ljlc|e`{o xlcob hkda`gkzeo~k dl hkwk~kgonxaz{ ho` VVN vlzkboc dlxlz~lhkoo` vzah|d mohk {oì xlcob ~kov "EX^+

oxo| cloh xkel vza~l~ avlzo~k vzah|d~k {oì bl`hod hkcod|do` "EG^+ ho`

"EXA+# òe|` ~lxlcob azhlz hkelòìdo`# hkcod|do` da`gkzeo~k dl h|o

jlz|vo vlìl~obo` azhlz el`mohk ^|zox Vlzk`xob Dlzmo.

>+ ^lco`m|x`{o vkbod gonxaz{ odo` elcod|do` vlzl`noòo` dlj|x|bo` jobo`jod| ~l~|ok d|o`xkxo~ azhlz ho` Jkcc ag Eoxlzkoc vzah|d. Vlzl`noòo`

dlj|x|bo` jobo` jod| hkdkzkedo` dlvoho joiko` i|hoì ~ljoiok

vlzek`xoo` jobo` jod|.

8+ Hkwk~k i|hoì el`{lhkodo` jobo` jod| {oì hkek`xo# ho` hkjlzkdo`dlvoho hkwk~k gonxaz{.


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8.: Vlìacobo` Hoxo

Coìdob ~lco`m|x`{o ~lxlcob hkcod|do` vlì|ev|co` hoxo# eodo hkcod|do`

vlìacobo` hoxo {okx| hlìo` elìi|òdo` xld`kd elxahl ~l~|ok hlìo` vl`lzovo`

hozk co`ho~o` xlazk. Coìdob%coìdob elxahl hozk vlìacobo` hoxo {oì hkcod|do`

voho vl`lckxko` k`k elìi|òdo` ^B[H "~kzd|kx Boekcxa`ko` {oì hkeahkgkdo~k+

{okx| elckv|xk= el`l`x|do` vlzeo~ocobo`# x|m|o`# joxo~o`# ho` dlj|x|bo`#

elì|ev|cdo` ho` elìoòck~o hoxo k`v|xo` hozk ~k~xle zkkc# el`l`x|do` naeea`

~|j~xzkì el`mohk ~kev|c# elì|z|zxdo` ~kev|c# elekckb h|o ~kev|c {oì v|`{o

zo`dkì ? ho` :# vkckb ~kev|c {oì cok` ~lnozo jlz|z|xo`# ho` b|j|ìdo` ~kev|c

hlìo` j|~|z h|ee{ dlvoho ~kev|c odbkz# ~kev|c odbkz voho ~k~k odbkz.

8.:.? ^kzd|kx Boekcxa`ko` {oì Hkeahkgkdo~k

Vlìi|òo` ~kzd|kx boekcxa`ko` {oì hkeahkgkdo~k "^B[H+# ~lj|ob mozkìo`

hkdoxodo` Boekcxa`ko` mkdo hkcod|do` vlzmocoò` dlckckì xlzbohov mozkìo` xlz~lj|x

eodo bo`{o odo` elclyoxk ~lxkov ~kev|c ~ox| dock ~omo |`x|d dlejock coik dl~kev|c

oyoc dlxkdo vlzmoco` kx| hke|cok.

8.:.: El`l`x|do` Vlzeo~ocobo`# X|m|o`# Joxo~o`# ho` Dlj|x|bo`

Vlìi|òo` ~kzd|kx boekcxa`ko` {oì hkeahkgkdo~k k`k hkcod|do` dozlò

oho`{o vlzeo~ocobo` voho vlòxoo` clxod cado~k hkeoò hkcado~k xlz~lj|x xlzhovox

oz|~ jacod jockd. Hlìo` hlekdko` ko hkzo`noì |`x|d hovox elcod|do`

vlìlcaevado` el~k`%el~k` dlhocoe eah|c xoxo clxod eah|coz |`x|d xoxo clxod

go~kckxo~ jo`{od vzah|d. X|m|o` vlzo`noìo` ~kzd|kx boekcxa`ko` {oì hkeahkgkdo~k

k`k |`x|d el`hovoxdo` vl`{kev|co` el~k`%el~k` {oì elìocoek oz|~ jacod jockd

~lbkìio hovox elclyoxk ~lxkov ~kev|c ~ox| dock ~omo |`x|d dlejock coik dl~kev|c


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oyoc dlxkdo vlzmoco` kx| hke|cok. Joxo~o` ~kzd|kx boekcxa`ko` {oì hkeahkgkdo~k k`k

ohocob xkhod hkcod|do` vlzbkx|ìo` ho` vlzxkejoìo` xlzbohov jko{o xoxo clxod vojzkd

ho` vlek`hobo` jozoì. Joxo~o` cok``{o ohocob vl`lckxko` k`k hkcod|do` bo`{o |`x|d

~ox| eahlc vzah|d dov coev| "ZE :>7 ^X!OC+# dozlò jozoì xlz~lj|x ohocob {oì

vockì haekò` hocoe vlz|~oboo`. Dlj|x|bo` ~kzd|kx boekcxa`ko` {oì hkeahkgkdo~k

ohocob |`x|d el`{kev|cdo` el~k` oioz el`hovoxdo` vlòxooo` clxod go~kckxo~ vojzkd

{oì avxke|e ~lxkov vzah|d {oì hkvzah|d~k oioz el`hovoxdo` vlòxo clxodo` el~k`

{oì lgk~kl` ho` yodx| vzah|d~k.

8.:.> Elì|ev|cdo` ho` Elìoòck~o Hoxo K`v|x hozk ^k~xle Zkkc

Hocoe vlì|ev|co` ho` elìoòck~o hoxo k`v|x hozk ~k~xle zkcc hkcod|do`

vlìacobo` hozk vzaizoe ~ke|co~k {oì hk hovox hozk VX.NKXKCKXL J\O@O V\XZO

hlìo` ~lkmk` Jovod Nox|z D|z`koyo`# ^.vh# EX# ~lcod| vkevkò` {oì elckv|xk

cado~k ~lxkov el~k`# jkcc ag eoxlzkoc ~ljoiok l`xkxo~# Voxb `lxyazd~ oxo| moc|z

vlzvk`hobo` l`xkxo~ ho` zl~a|znl~# vza~l~ {oì xlzmohk elckv|xk yodx| vza~l~.

^lclìdov`{o ~ljoiok jlzkd|x=

8.:.>.? El~k`%El~k` Vzah|d~k

Cado~k ~lxkov el~k` xlcob hkda`gki|zo~k ~lhlekdko` z|vo oioz l`xkxo~%l`xkxo~

hovox elìockz hlìo` mozod xlzvl`hld ho` yodx| xlz~kìdox hocoe vlìlzxko` {oì

x|z|x elevlzxkejoìdo` dl~lc|z|bo` l`xkxo~. Boc k`k hkcod|do` hocoe xobov

el`hl~ok` go~kckxo~ co{a|x vojzkd.Cado~k el~k` hkioejoz bkìio ~l~|ok clxod

dl`{oxoo``{o hk covoìo` hocoe ~doco xlzxl`x|# boc k`k hkcod|do` hlìo` oho`{o izkh

voho co`xok vojzkd# hkeoò ~ox| izkh elyodkc : e:

hk covoìo`. @oevod ~|~|ò`


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vlìlcaevaddo` el~k` hk~l~|okdo` hlìo` oz|~ vza~l~ vlìlzmoo` l`xkxo~ hlek

l`xkxo~ hocoe jl`x|d oz|~ \ hovox hkckbox hocoe vzaizoe ~ke|co~k "xkhod hkjobo~ voho

vl`lckxko` k`k+. ^lclìdov`{o hovox hkckbox hocoe xojlc ioejoz ml`k~%ml`k~ el~k`

vzah|d~k {oì oho hk VX. Nkxkckxl J|oò V|xzo hocoe Xojlc 8.?.

@a El~k` ! Cado~k \xoeo Dahl M|ecob

?

Vaxaì Jlzeaxaz

N? ?

:

Vaxaì Eo`|oc

N># N8 :

>

Jaz "Vlc|joì hlìo`

V|xozo`+

H?# H: :

Xojlc 8.? El~k`%El~k` Vzah|d~k "Hkoejkc Hozk |ejlz Hlìo`

^lkmk` Nox|z D|z`koyo`# ^Vh. EX+


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8

Va` "Vlc|joì hlìo`

Xldoò`+

V?# V:# # V?< V?> ?8

>

9

Zacc

Z? ?

2

Xld|d Bkhzackd

JV:O# JV:J :

Xojlc 8.? El~k`%El~k` Vzah|d~k "Hkoejkc Hozk ^|ejlz Hlìo`



47/70

;

Xld|d Bkhzackd

JV8 ?

?6

Co~ Xkxkd

^Y?# ^Y:# ^Y> >

??

Ilzk`ho

I?# I:# I> >

?: Vlìlnoxo` ^k~xle Awl` AW ?

?> Vlò`hoo` Vaco E: ?

?8 Vlzodkxo` ! VlìlvodoÒ^^Z#

JZLG#VOND#GI8

M|ecob El~k` ! Cado~k \xoeo >;

Xojlc 8.? El~k`%El~k` Vzah|d~k "Hkoejkc Hozk ^|ejlz Hlìo`



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8.:.>.: L`xkxo~

VX. Nkxkckxl J|oò V|xzo "NCJV+ ohocob eo`|godx|z vlezah|d~k dov coev|

XC.VX. Nkxkckxl J|oò V|xzo el`lzovdo` ~xzoxlik avlzo~k vzah|d~k EXA "Eodl Xa

Azhlz+. Xoxo clxod go~kckxo~ hk yazd~bav el`|`moì dlikoxo` vldlzmoo` voho ~oox

gojzkdo~k oho joiko`%joiko` {oì hkzodkx. Hk joyob k`k bo`{o hke|ox l`xkxo~

xlzvl`xk i hk hocoe xojlc 8.:

@a. Kc|~xzo~k L`xkxo~ M|ecob @oeo ^kìdox

? ?VJM

"Vcox Jomo+

: :XX^

"X|x|v ôevkì+

> ?

JAH

"Jah{+

8 :JXI

"Joxoìo`+

< ?DVA

"Dov Vaca~+

Xojlc 8.: L`xkxo~%l`xkxo~ {oì el`{|~|` vzah|d Eahlc

Dov Coev| ZE :>7 ^X!OC "Hkoejkc Hozk ^|ejlz

Hlìo` ^lkmk` Nox|z D|z`koyo`# ^Vh. EX+


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7 8 NOX

9 ?DV\

"Dov V|xkb+

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"Vcox Ekzzaz+

; :^[V

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?6 ?I\@

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OC\

"Vlcox ^xok`cl~

oxo| Oc|e|`k|e+

?: ?8IZC

"Izkcc+





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?> ? ZGC"Zlgcldxaz Clvo~+

?8 ?DKX

"Dokx+

?< ?ZGD

"Zlgcldxaz Dokx+

?7 ?DDA

"Dov Daevckx+

?9 ?H\^

"Dlzh|~+

?2 ?JMH

"Jozo`i Mohk+





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8.:.>.> \zoko` Xojlc Hozk Vza~l~ Vzah|d~k Vlej|oxo` Dov Coev| "ZE :>7

^X!OC+Hk joyob k`k bo`{o hke|ox ioejozo` oc|z vza~l~ Dov Coev| "ZE :>7

^X!OC+ hk hocoe xojlc 8.>

@a. Xkvl Vzah|d~k \z|xo` Vza~l~ Vzah|d~k

?

X|x|v ôevkì

:

Jah{

>

Joxoìo`

Xojlc 8.> \z|xo` Vza~l~ Vzah|d~k Eahlc Dov Coev|

ZE :>7 ^X!OC "Hkoejkc Hozk ^|ejlz Hlìo`



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8

ô{ov

7 X :>7 OC "Hkoejkc Hozk

^|ejlz Hlìo` ^lkmk` Nox|z D|z`koyo`# ^Vh. EX+

Xojlc 8.> \z|xo` Vza~l~ Vzah|d~k Eahlc Dov Coev|

ZE :>7 ^X!OC "Hkoejkc Hozk ^|ejlz Hlìo`



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54/70

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Ioejoz 8.8. Co{a|x Yazd~bav VX. NKXKCKXL J\O@O V\XZO


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Dlxlzoìo` Ioejoz 8.8 Co{a|x Yazd~bav VX. NKXKCKXL J\O@O V\XZO

@a. El~k` ! Cado~k \xoeo

?. Vaxaì Jlzeaxaz

:. Vaxaì Eo`|oc ?

>. Vaxaì Eo`|oc :

8. Jaz "Vlc|joì hlìo` V|xozo`+ ?

;. Va` "Vlc|joì hlìo` Xldoò`+ 8

?6. Va` "Vlc|joì hlìo` Xldoò`+ . Va` "Vlc|joì hlìo` Xldoò`+ 2

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:8. Xld|d Eo`|oc Jlzx|o~ Vo`moì >

:

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>:. Ilzk`ho ?

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>9. ZLG$DKX

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>;. DV\$ZGD

86. DDA$H\^

8?. I\@$ZGD

8:. DDA$H\^

8>. I|hoì Vl`{kevoò` Jozoì Mohk


56/70

@a. Xkvl Vzah|d~k JAE \z|xo` Vza~l~ Vzah|d~k

?

X|x|v ôevkì

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Xojlc 8.8 \z|xo` Avlzo~k ZE :>7 ^X :>7 OC


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^kev|c Naeea` ^|j~xzkì"N^+ Gzld|l`~k"g+ N^ -g Zo`dkì

^? ?#< > 7 ?2

^:?##>>#:7#:9#::#:?#:;#

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^8 ?#?7#?6#>2#>;#86#8> : ?2 ??

^7 ;#:2#:8 > ; ?7

^9 :8#>?#:; > ; ?9

^2 :2#:8#>?#:;#>6#>2#>;#86#8> > :9 7 ?;

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^?7 >;#86 ?6 :6 ?6

^?9 86#8> 7 ?: ? ?; ?9 >8 >

Xojlc 8.< Naeea` ^|j~xzkì ho` \z|xo``{o


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^9 ^?: ^?6

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Ioejoz 8.< Vza~l~ Vlejl`x|do` Xoxo Clxod Eah|coz hl`io` ^B[H


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= h|ee{

Ioejoz 8.7 Bo~kc ^B[H {o`i Xlzjl`x|d


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Ioejoz 8.9 Vlekckbo` Eah|c Hozk ^B[H


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Eah|c?

Dlcaevadnaeea` ~|j~xzk`i

Vaco ockzo` eoxlzkoc

E?^2#^9#^?:#^?6#^??#^?8#^? ^#^?2#^?;

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Ioejoz 8.2 Jcand Co{a|x Xoxo Clxod Eah|coz


63/70

JOJ W

O@OCK^K^

\`x|d elìlxob|k cljkb co`m|x elìlòk da`hk~k vojzkd ~oox k`k ho` da`hk~k

vojzkd |~|co`# odo` hk|zokdo` da`hk~k vojzkd xlz~lj|x hlìo` elìon| voho x|m|o`

xoxo clxod. ôevok ~lmo|b eoò x|m|o` xlz~lj|x xlcob xlznovok ho` ovo ~omo dld|zoìo`

xoxo clxod go~kckxo~ yazd~bav voho ~oox da`hk~k ~oox k`k. Oòck~o hkcod|do` i|ò

el`mojozdo` ho` elejo`hkìdo` hozk da`hk~k oyoc vlz|~oboo` hlìo` da`hk~k

|~|co` hlìo` elìi|òdo` ^kzd|kx Boekcxa`ko`.^lbkìio bo~kc oòck~o hovox ~l~|ok

hlìo` x|m|o` hozk vl`lckxko`.

Vlzeo~ocobo` {oì odo` hkjobo~ ohocob joiokeoò el`hovoxdo` `kcok%`kcok

wozkojlc oxo~ ~{~xle `{oxo hozk vza~l~ avlzo~k vzah|d~k hk VX. NKXKCKXL J\O@O

V\XZO ~ljoiok dlohoo` oyoc ~ljlc|e hkcod|do` vlòxoo` clxod cado~k# joiokeoò

el`hovoxdo` da`gki|zo~k ^kzd|kx Boekcxa`ko` |`x|d elejl`x|d xoxo clxod eah|coz

{oì ~l~|ok ho` cljkb lgk~kl` hozk dlohoo` ~ljlc|e`{o# ho` joiokeoò elì|mk xoxo

clxod ^B[H elìi|òdo` xaac~ ^ke|co~k.


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jlzoho n|d|v mo|b hlìo` el~k` cok` {oì jlzdl~kòej|ìo`. Boc k`k {oì

elìodkjoxdo` mozod vlòìoò` jozoì el`mohk vo`moì ho` xkhod lgk~kl`.

Eodo hlìo` da`hk~k |~|co` hozk vlzo`noìo` xoxo clxod go~kckxo~ vojzkd hk VX.

NKXKCKXL J\O@O V\XZO oioz hkhovoxdo` ~|ox| xoxo clxod {oì cljkb jokd. Da`hk~k

|~|co` vlzo`noìo` xoxo clxod jlzho~ozdo` clxod el~k` ohocob hlìo` elek`hobdo`

el~k` vzah|d~k dl%:8 hk vk`hobdo` dl el~k`%:2# ~lbkìio yodx| {oì hkvlzaclb

el`kìdox cljkb jokd hozk bo~kc ~ljlc|e`{o. ^lcok` kx| vlòxooo` el~k` dlzmo%v|`

hkcod|do` ~l~|ok hlìo` |z|xo` dlzmo ~lbkìio hkhovox ~|ox| vaco ockzo` |e|e {oì

lgk~kl` hozk ~lik vlòìoò` jozoì ho` jlzodkjox voho vl`kìdoxo` vzah|dxkgkxo~.

Vl`mlco~o` hozk oòck~k~ xoxo clxod hovox hkckbox hocoe ioejoz vzaeahlc voho

vlzjo`hkìo` o`xozo ~ljlc|e ho` ~l~|hob hkcod|do``{o vlz|jobo` voho ioejoz

jlzkd|x=


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Ioejoz


66/70

Ioejoz


67/70

hkvk`hobdo` dl vza~l~ Xld|d Bkhzackd>. Vlek`hobo` cado~k el~k`

xlz~lj|x oioz ockzo` vza~l~ {oì odo` hkvlzaclb el`mohk cljkb hldox ho` cljkb lgk~kl`.

Vlòxoo` clxod el~k` xlz~lj|x ~|hob xlzj|dxk lgk~kl` {okx| jlzd|zoì`{o yodx| vza~l~

vzah|d~k hozk xoxo clxod oyoc. Jlzkd|x vl`mlco~o` hozk vza~l~ vzah|d~k xlzbohov yodx|

vzah|d~k =

Xojlc


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Voho da`hk~k |~|co` vza~l~ vzah|d~k Dov Coev| xkvl ZE :>7 ^X!OC hk VX.

NKXKCKXL J\O@O V\XZO xlzmohk ~|ox| vlz|jobo` voho clxod el~k` {okx|

vl`{|~|ò` ~l~|ok hlìo` |z|xo`%|z|xo` vza~l~ vzah|d~k ~lbkìio elìbo~kcdo`

m|ecob yodx| vza~l~ vzah|d~k ~lnozo dl~lc|z|bo` el`mohk cljkb nlvox ;.? el`kx

|`x|d dlikoxo` vzah|d~k Dov Coev| xkvl ZE :>7 ^X!OC ~ljo`{od ?:6 vn~ |`x|d

~ox| dock dlhoxoìo` l`xkxo~ jobo` jod|.

Oòck~k~ hlìo` elìi|òdo` ^kzd|kx Boekcxa`ko`

^lnozo iozk~ jl~oz VX. NKXKCKXL J\O@O V\XZO hocoe dokxo``{o hlìo`

xoxo clxod go~kckxo~ vojzkd hovox el`mohk cljkb jokd hlìo` elìi|òdo` ^B[H. Boc

k`k hkj|dxkdo` jobyo hocoe ^kzd|kx Boekcxa`ko` xlzhovox ~|ox| eah|coz%eah|coz

{oì elz|vodo` d|`nk ~|d~l~ hozk ^kzd|kx Boekcxa`ko` xlz~lj|x. Eah|coz%eah|coz

xlz~lj|x xkhod xlzioìi| ~oeo ~ldock xlxovk bo`{o ele|xozdo` va~k~k el~k` xlz~lj|x#

boc k`k elò`hodo` jobyo xoxo clxod go~kckxo~ vojzkd hk VX. NKXKCKXL J\O@O

V\XZO ~|hob n|d|v jokd. @oe|` oho jljlzovo clxod el~k` {oì hkvk`hobdo` i|ò

el`hovoxdo` yodx| {oì cljkb jokd hkhocoe clxod eah|coz%eah|coz xlz~lj|x.


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JOJ WK

DL^KEV\CO@ HO@ ÔZO@

Voho joj k`k elz|vodo` dl~kev|co` hozk bo~kc vl`lckxko` {oì jlzx|m|o` |`x|d

elej|ox zo`noìo` vlzjokdo` hozk xoxo clxod go~kckxo~ vojzkd hk VX.NKXKCKXL

J\O@O V\XZO {okx| hlìo` elìi|òdo` oòck~k~ hozk da`hk~k oyoc xoxo clxod

vojzkd. Coìdob ~lco`m|x`{o ohocob hlìo` elejlzkdo` ~ozo` hozk bo~kc vl`lckxko` k`k

{oì odo` jlzi|ò joik vlz|~oboo` hocoe boc xoxo clxod go~kckxo~ vojzkd.

7.? Dl~kev|co`

Hozk ~lc|z|b zoìdoko` dlikoxo` vl`lckxko` {oì xlcob hkcod|do`# eodo hovox

hkxozkd dl~kev|co` hozk bo~kc vl`lckxko` elìlòk |~|co` xoxo clxod go~kckxo~ vojzkd hk

VX.NKXKCKXL J\O@O V\XZO# {okx| = vlzjokdo` voho vlòxoo` clxod xlevox dlzmo#

vlì|zoìo` yodx| vza~l~ vzah|d~k# ho` vlej|dxko` xoxo clxod ~ljlc|e`{o hlìo`

elìi|òdo` ^kzd|kx Boekcxa`ko`. Vl`mlco~o` hozk dl~kev|co` vl`lckxko` k`k ohocob

~ljoiok jlzkd|x =

7.?.? El`hovoxdo` da`gki|zo~k avxkeoc

Voho vlzjokdo` hozk xlevox dlzmo ohocob hlìo` elek`hobdo` xoxo clxod

el~k` dlzmo :8 dl el~k` :2 jlzho~ozdo` voho |z|xo` vza~l~ vzah|d~k ~lbkìio vaco

ockzo` jozoì el`mohk cljkb lgk~kl` hozk yodx| vzah|d~k Dov Coev| xkvl ZE :>7

^X!OC hk VX. NKXKCKXL J\O@O V\XZO# ~lbkìio vlòìoò` jozoì el`mohk

cljkb nlvox hozk bo~kc ~ljlc|e hkz|job.


70/70

?.?.: Vlzjo`hkìo` ^B[H hlìo` xaac~ ^ke|co~kHlìo` elcod|do` vlzjo`hkìo` o`xozo ^kzd|kx Boekcxa`ko` [oì

Hkeahkgkdo~k {oì hkcod|do` ~ljoiok elxahl vl`lckxko` ho` xaac~ ~ke|co~k {oì

hki|òdo` hkcado~k vl`lckxko`# hkhovoxdo` jobyo ~lhkdkx jo`{od vlòxoclxodo` ~|hob

n|d|v jokd# òe|` xlzhovox jljlzovo vlek`hobo` el~k` hk hocoe xoxo clxod eah|coz

hozk ^kzd|kx Boekcxa`ko` [oì Hkeahkgkdo~k ~lbkìio elìbo~kcdo` m|ecob yodx|

vza~l~ vzah|d~k ~lnozo dl~lc|z|bo` el`mohk cljkb nlvox ;.? el`kx |`x|d dlikoxo`

vzah|d~k Dov Coev| xkvl ZE :>7 ^X!OC ~ljo`{od ?:6 vn~ |`x|d ~ox| dock

dlhoxoìo` l`xkxo~ jobo` jod| ho` xlzj|dxk cljkb lgldxkg hocoe yodx| vza~l~

vzah|d~k.

7.: ôzo`

ôzo` {oì kìk` hkjlzkdo` aclb vl`|ck~ hozk bo~kc vl`lckxko` elìlòk xoxo

clxod go~kckxo~ vojzkd VX.NKXKCKXL J\O@O V\XZO ohocob ~ljoiok jlzkd|x =

?. Bo~kc vl`lckxko` k`k hovox hkmohkdo` |~|co` hozk zo`noìo` vlzjokdo` xoxo clxodgo~kckxo~ vojzkd hk VX.NKXKCKXL J\O@O V\XZO.

:. ^lnozo iozk~ jl~oz xoxo clxod {oì oho hk VX.NKXKCKXL J\O@O V\XZO

~|hob xlzj|dxk n|d|v jokd# òe|` jk~o elìlgk~kl`~k hocoe yodx| {oì xlcob

hk|mk hlìo` elìi|òdo` ~kzd|kx boekcxa`ko` {oì hkeahkgkdo~k.

>. Hlìo` elcod|do` vlek`hobo` cado~k el~k` n|d|v jlzi|ò hozk ~lik

vlìbleoxo` yodx| vza~l~ vzah|d~k ~lbkìio cljkb lgk~kl`.

8 Vl`lckxko` k`k bo`{o elì|mk elxahl ^B[H |`x|d ~ox| eonoe wozko` vzah|d

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