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Memorial Art Gallery Passport to the Past Arts of the Ancient World, the Middle East, Asia, Africa, and Europe, from the collections of the Memorial Art Gallery

Memorial Art Gallery Passport to the Past - … Art Gallery Passport to the Past ... Wood, human hair, pigments; 2006.71 ... Spirit Figure (Mindja), Wood,

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Memorial Art Gallery

Passport to the Past

Arts of the Ancient World, the Middle East, Asia, Africa, and Europe, from the collections of the Memorial Art Gallery

Where in the World . . . ? The Eastern Hemisphere

Indian Ocean

When . . . ? A Memorial Art Gallery Timeline

What do “BCE” and “CE” mean?BCE (Before the Common Era) and CE (Common Era) refer to  the same time periods as the more traditional BC (Before Christ) and AD (Anno Domini, which means “The Year of our Lord”).

The Ancient Middle East

Tribute Bearer from PersepolisPersian, ca. 358—338 BCE, Limestone; 44.1

Drachm of King Shapur I Sassanian, 241—272 CESilver; 95.24Cuneiform Tablet with Case

Sumerian, Ur III, 2049 BCE, Clay; 54.58.4.1-2

Master of Animals Finial Iranian, 799—700 BCE, Bronze; 2007.35

Horse Bit with Cheekpiecesin the Form of Winged Sphinxes , Iranian, 1100—700 BCEBronze; 48.39

Askos in the Form of a Ram Persian, 999—700 BCE, Terracotta; 67.39

How do you think these objects were used? What do they tell us about the cultures that made and used them?What tools or methods did the artists use to make these objects?

Belt Claps with Horse and Goat, Georgian; from Transcaucasia, 1 – 200 CEBronze; 2007.34

Pyxis , Syrian, 899—700 BCE, Porphyry; 49.14

Worshipper Bearing an Animal Offering Mesopotamian, ca. 1800s BCE, Clay; 45.60

Ancient Egypt

B

A

What do these pairs of objects have in common? In what ways are they different?

What do they tell us about ancient Egyptian culture?

The God Osiris as a Mummified Man,

1069—332 BCE,Bronze; 51.116

Canopic Jars (set of 4), 664—332 BCELimestone; 3-6.81L Sphinx ,

332—30 BCE, Granite; 51.307

Inner Coffin of Pa-debehu-Aset, 332—30 BCE, Wood, gesso, pigments, gilding; 2000.11.2

Black-topped Red Ware Vessel, ca. 5300—3000 BCETerracotta; 28.106New Year’s Bottle,

664—525 BCE, Terracotta, glaze; 51.200

King Ny-user-ra,2390—2360 BCE, Red granite; 42.54

BThe God Horus as a Falcon, 664—525 BCEBronze; 53.44

China

Tomb Tile with Tiger, Winged Horses, and Phoenixes,

1—299 CEClay and pigments; 42.16

Bodhisattva Guanyin on Mt. Potola, early 1200s,

Wood, pigments; 42.21

Ceremonial Food Vessel, Type Gui, 1000s—early 900s BCE, Bronze; 42.15

Horse, 600s—900s CE, Terracotta, glaze; 30.26

Can you match each object with the area’s religious beliefs or traditions?

What evidence did you use?

Many new ideas came into China by sea or the Silk Road; can you

find examples of outside cultural influences in these objects?

A Bearer of Good Wishes: Fragment of a Taoist Wall Painting, 1600—1644 CE, Ink and pigments on clay; 86.117

Stele with Taoist Deity,960—1279 CE, Stone; 36.51

Dragon, 220—580 CE, Bronze; 58.31

Court Musicians from a Tomb600s—early 700s CE,

Terracotta, pigments; 31.2

India & Southeast Asia

Calligraphic Frieze with Inscription from the Qur’an , North Indian, 1400s CE, Red sandstone; 2009.8

Head of the Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara,

Cambodian, 1000s—1100s Stone; 36.4

Head of a Buddha, Thai, 1350—1757,Bronze; 30.33

A Royal Couple on a Terrace, Indian, 1800—1850,Gouache on ivory; 2007.20

The God GanesaThai,1300s, Bronze; 81.10

Some of these objects have something important in common – What is it?How many different ways can you sort these objects?

Can you guess how cultural ideas spread from one area to another?

Tara, Indian, 1100s, Black chlorite; 61.13

The God Surya, Indian, 600 CEBuff sandstone; 61.12

Shadow Puppet (Wayang Kulit) of PuntadéwaJavanese, late 1700s, Buffalo hide and horn; 37.16

THE GREEK WORLD

Figure of a Woman (Tanagra Type),

323—90 BCE, Terracotta, pigments; 66.14

Kraters with Chariot Procession, Mycenaean, 1275—1225 BCE, Terracotta; 51.203-204

What do these objects have in common? How many different ways could they be categorized?

What do they tell us about ancient Greek culture?

Red Figure Pelike, 400s BCE Terracotta; 29.89

Protome, 450—425 BCE, Terracotta, pigments; 88.5

Grave Stele, 300s BCE, Pentelic marble; 36.54

Black Figure Kylix with Dionysian Revelers, 500s BCE, Terracotta; 29.90

Corinthian Helmet, late 600s BCE, Bronze; 2008.70

Piriform Jar, Minoan, ca. 1250—1150 BCE, Terracotta; 2006.76

Wreath of Oak Leaves, ca. 300 BCE, Gold; 99.57

Other Mediterranean Cultures

Votive Head of a Woman,Etruscan, 300—1 BCE, Terracotta; 47.14

Cinerary Urn with Reclining Figure,Etruscan, 200—100 BCETerracotta; 44.49a-b

Cinerary Urn, Carthaginian, 700s BCE, Terracotta; 25.42

Kylix, Etruscan, 560—450 BCE, Terracotta; 5 1.180

The God Mars as a WarriorEtruscan, , 400s BCEBronze; 53.41

Hercules, Etruscan, 400s BCE, Bronze; 73.18

Oinochoe (Pitcher), Etruscan, 400—301 BCE,Terracotta; 51.179

Askos in the Form of a Horse, Carthaginian, before 146 BCE, Terracotta; 25.41

Bombylios (Baby Feeder), Carthaginian, before 146 BCE, Terracotta; 25.51

Oil Lamp, Carthaginian, before 146 BCETerracotta; 20.73

Oil Lamp, Carthaginian, before 146 BCE, Terracotta; 20.75

These objects are grouped by culture – what are the two cultures?Where are they located?

What other categories could you use to group these objects?

North Africa

Jar in the Shape of a Human HeadEgyptian, n.d., Terracotta; 28.497

Figure of a Goddess of the Dancer Type Predynastic Egyptian, before 3400 BCE, Terracotta; 28.376

Sgraffito Ware VesselSharif Al-Abwami, Egyptian, 1300s CEGlazed ceramic; 51.350

Askos in the Form of a Horse Carthaginian, before 146 BCE, Terracotta; 25.41

Standing Female FigureCoptic Egyptian, 799—700 CE, Terracotta, pigments; 28.264

Grotesque Head (Theater Character)Ptolemaic Egyptian, 200s BCEClay; 28.84.7

Cinerary Urn Carthaginian, 700s BCE, Terracotta; 25.42

Vase with Acanthus Design Roman Egyptian, 1—99 CE, Terracotta, glaze; 51.198

Where in North Africa were these objects created?What tools and skills did the artists use? How do you think the objects were used?

Many objects were exported to other places –do these remind you of any other objects you have seen?

THE ROMAN WORLD

How many different materials have been used to make these objects?What can these objects tell us about how the Romans lived?

How do the objects compare with those we use today?

Togatus, 1—99 CE, Marble; 73.146

Sarcophagus with Portrait Medallion, 250—274 CE, 49.72

Double-headed Perfume Flasks, ca. 200—400 CE, Blown glass; 28.68.1-2

Wall Fragment with Cupid Holding a Mask,from Pompeii, before 79 CE, Fresco; 28.75

Portrait Head of an Old Manwith a Beard, 100s CE,

Marble; 46.39 Commemorative Coin of theEmperor Constantine,

307—334 CE, Bronze; 95.25

Tyche, Patron Deity of a Municipality, Roman, 1—199 CE (copy of Greek original) Marble, 49.73

Mosaic Floor Panel with Head of Tethys, Made in Antioch, Syria, 200s CE, Stone and glass; 42.2

Medieval Europe

What do these pairs of objects have in common? How are they different?

What do they tell us about Medieval European culture?

Châsse (Reliquary) with Scenes from the Life of St. Stephen,

French, 1220—1230, Enamel, gilded copper; 49.20

Console with Doubting Thomas French, early 1200s, Limestone, paint; 49.76

Mourner’s Niche from theTomb of Philip the Bold,

Jean de Marville, Netherlandish(active 1366 - 1389);

Marble, 49.51

A

ABA

Madonna and Child with Saints Francis of Assisi, John the Baptist, Peter and Dominic, Nardo di Cione, Italian (active 1343 - d. 1365/66 )Tempera on panel; 57.4

Crucifixion with God the Father, Giovanni del Biondo, Italian

(active 1356—1399, 51.26

Madonna and Child, ca. 1300-1350

French; Made in Île-de-France

Limestone, polychromy, gilding; 28.466

The Islamic World

Kubachi Ware Tile Iranian, 1500s CE, Glazed terracotta; 21.2

Bowl with Acanthus Design Iranian, 1200s CE Glazed terracotta; 51.317

Plate, Turkish, 1500s CE, Glazed terracotta; 79.91

Leaf from a Manuscript of Poetry, Iranian, 1600s CEInk and gold on parchment; 28.317

Calligraphic Frieze with Inscription from the Qur’an,North Indian, 1400s CE, Red sandstone; 2009.8

How have the artists decorated these objects? How many different countries are these objects from?

What does that say about them? How do you think the objects were used?

Section of a Qur’an endowed by Sultan Qansuh al-GhawriEgyptian, Mamluk Dynasty, 1ate 1400s CEInk and gold on parchment; 2008.69

Sgraffito Ware VesselSharif Al-Abwami, Egyptian, 1300s CEGlazed ceramic; 51.350

Ghiordes Prayer RugTurkish, 28.459

Lusterware Bowl with Seated Figures, Iranian, 1200s52.11

The Renaissance in Europe

Partial Armor made for the Dukes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel,

Brunswick Armory, German, ca. 1562Etched steel, leather; 2006.57

Portrait of a Boy of the Bracciforte Family of

Piacenza, 1540Girolamo Mazzola Bedoli,

Italian (ca. 1505 - ca. 1569);76.13

Marriage Chest (Minnekastchen)German, late 1400s, 2008.2

How many ways can these objects be sorted?

How do you think the objects in each group were used?

Look closely at each object—what skills and tools did the artists use?

Saint James, French, late 1400s, Limestone, paint; 94.49

Conversion of Saint Paul, Francesco Ubertini, Italian

(1494?—1557), 1530--35, Oil on panel, 54.2

Portrait of a Caesar, Circle of Gregorio di Lorenzo,

Italian (active 1461—1473),Marble; 65.8

Saint ElizabethGerman, ca. 1500,

Wood; 57.7

Adoration of the MagiMaster of the Holy Blood ,

Flemish (active early 1500s),80.43

Madonna and Child Enthroned with Angels

Master of the St. Ursula Legend, Flemish (active 1470-95), before 1483; 48.11

Wedding Cutlery Set with Case in the Form of a FishFrench, ca. 1550Ivory, steel, leather, wood; 2010.9

Japan

Bodhisattva Kannon, 1100s, Wood, polychromy; 74.83

Screen: Court Ladies, 1700s, Watercolor and ink on paper; 57.6

Tsuba (sword guard), 1500s—1700s, Bronze; 66.9.38

Four-Tiered Imari Ware Food Container, 1600s—1800s, Porcelain; 81.37

Lacquered Incense Box (Ko-Dansu), 1600s—1800s, Wood lacquered in gold and red; 77.98

Sake BottleCeramic; 65.45

Sokuhi, 1616 –1671Sho Calligraphy Ink on paper; 65.10

Fabric Stencil (Katagami), 1800s, Mulberry paper; 84.15.4

How do you think each of these objects was used?

Describe some of the detailed decoration you see.

What skills or tools did the artists use?

Sub-Saharan Africa

Western Pende Culture, D.R. CongoIvory Pendant Amulet

(Ikhoko), 51.114

Asante Culture, GhanaGoldweight: Man w/ Pipe, Brass; 53.76.1

Bamana Culture, MaliCrest Mask: Antelope (Chi Wara),Wood, fibers, metal, shells; Male- 69.107, Female and Baby- 93.14

Senufo Culture, Côte d’IvoireChampion-Cultivator StaffWood, fiber, shells; 71.64

Makonde Culture, MozambiqueCrest Mask (Lipiko), ca. 1950--60Wood, human hair, pigments; 2006.71

Mende Culture, Sierra LeoneHelmet Mask (Sowei),Wood; 72.52

Yaoure or Baule Culture, Côte d'IvoireSpoon, Wood; 64.102

Yoruba Culture, NigeriaTwin Figures (Ere Ibeji), Wood, pigment, beads, cowrie shells, fiber,

sacrificial materials; 65.9.1-2

Fur Culture, Sudan Ivory Bracelet, 67.64

Yaka Culture, D. R. CongoCrest Mask, Wood, fibers, pigment; 72.54

What different materials have been used to make these objects?How are these objects used? How can you tell?

Can you find all of these modern countries on a map?

Oceania

Abelam Culture, Papua New GuineaYam Mask, Grass, pigment; 74.78

Era River Region, Papua New Guinea

Spirit Board (Gope), Wood, paint; 87.84

Arambak Culture, Papua New Guinea

Hook Figure (Yipwon), Wood, shell; 70.82

Middle Sepik River Region, Papua New Guinea

Body Mask, Cane fibers, shells, feathers; 73.138

Waresi Culture, Papua New Guinea

Spirit Figure (Mindja),Wood, paint; 74.76

What materials have been used to make these objects?What can they tell us about these people and their culture?

Describe the decorations. Can you guess what might have inspired the artists?

Iatmul Culture, Papua New GuineaMask, Wood, shells, hair, pigment; 77.158

Kayan-Borbor Culture, Papua New Guinea, Slit Gong Drum, ca. 1940Wood, paint; 79.19

Details of Works of Art from the Collection of the Memorial Art Gallery

Yoruba Culture, NigeriaTwin Figure (Ere Ibeji), 65.9.2

Abelam Culture, Papua New GuineaYam Mask, 74.78

IranianLeaf from a Manuscript of Poetry, 28.317

RomanGlass Vessel, 51.136

Etruscan, Oinochoe, 51.179

Egyptian, Inner Coffin of Pa-debehu-Aset, 2001.11.2

SumerianCuneiform Tablet with Case, 54.48.17a

Roman; made in Antioch, SyriaMosaic with the Head of Tethys,42.2

French, Saint James, 94.49

Thai, Head of Buddha, 30.33

ChineseCeremonial Food Vessel Type Gui, 42.15

Raffaello del Garbo, ItalianMadonna and Child with Angel, 47.30

ChineseA Bearer of Good Wishes; Fragment from a Taoist Wall Painting, 30.26

JapaneseFour Tier Imari Ware Container, 81.37

Chinese, MongolianHarness Ornament with Ibexes, 73.66

IndianReturn to Ayodhya, 83.55

Roman,. Togatus, 73.146 Paul Vredeman de Vries. FlemishInterior of a Gothic Cathedral, 98.19