Philosophical Review

Memory: An Inductive Study by F. W. Colegrove; G. Stanley HallReview by: W. G. SmithThe Philosophical Review, Vol. 10, No. 2 (Mar., 1901), pp. 219-220Published by: Duke University Press on behalf of Philosophical ReviewStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2176524 .

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No. 2.] NJOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 2I9

problems, methods, and tendencies, and notes their relations to one another. His treatment of psychological, epistemological, and metaphysical questions recalls his earlier books. The discussions of ethics and aesthetics are new, and contain much that is suggestive and interesting. Dr. Jerusalem's readers will look with eagerness for the fuller treatment which he hopes to give these subjects at a future time.

The demand that philosophy shall be imbued with the scientific spirit and shall make use of scientific methods does not, in the author's opinion, involve the doctrine of the uselessness of metaphysical speculation. The interest in metaphysical inquiry is beginning to revive. Philosophy must return to its old task, must seek once more to become Wel/anschauungs- lehre. But the metaphysics of the future, in searching for a satisfactory conception of the whole, must use those methods which science has em- ployed in the investigation of particulars. Acting upon this belief, the author seeks to gain his Weltanschauung by the aid of his doctrine of judgment, " which is found true in the realm of experience." In this way he reaches the conception of the universe as the expression of a powerful will, which manifests itself both in physical and in psychical changes. God is the postulate, "I not of the practical, but of the theoretical reason."

One cannot conclude even so brief a notice as this without pausing to comment upon the orderly arrangement of the book, and the great clearness and vigor of expression. Whatever may be one's attitude toward Dr. Jerusalem's theories, one cannot but admire his methods of exposition. The book is provided with two carefully compiled indexes, and at the close of each chapter a number of references for further reading is given.

ELLEN BLISS TALBOT.

Memory: an Inductive Study. By F. W. COLEGROVE. With an Intro- duction by G. STANLEY HALL. New York, Henry Holt & Co., I900. -pp. vli, 369.

There is no doubt ample room at the present day, not merely for general works dealing with the whole range of psychology, but for special treatises which present exhaustively the facts of some limited field of mental phe- nomena. The subject of memory lends itself well to the latter mode of treatment, owing not merely to the comparative definiteness of the subject- matter, but also to the wealth of scientific observations which have been accumulated. It has been the aim of Dr. Colegrove to give in this volume a broad, many-sided study of the subject, including both the scientific and the practical aspects.

The work shows praiseworthy industry in the gathering of facts, whether observed by the author or by others, and in the citation of authorities, and there are valuable observations scattered throughout the volume. The plan of the work is conceived in a large and tolerant spirit. But as a whole, the study is not successful. It is wanting in clearness and in logical connec- tion and system. The material presented, as well as the style of presenta-

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220 THE PHILOSOPHICAL REVIEW. [VOL. X.

tion, can hardly satisfy either the beginner or the specialist. The historical study at the beginning of the volume, which starts with Plato and ends with Professor Scripture, gives a somewhat disjointed collection of opinions and theories; in the section on Herbart it is distinctly erroneous. The - bio- logical orientation ". which follows, gives first, many instances of memory in the various parts of the animal kingdom, and then enumerates and dis- cusses instincts, dealing, by the way, with the theories of Weismann and others. The author illustrates from his own observations various forms of the diseases of memory, in the chapter devoted to this subject. The chapter on brain and mind seems almost superfluous, in as much as it contributes practically nothing to the understanding of memory as distinct from any other of the higher mental processes. In the following chapter on memories, after an elaborate presentation with the help of diagrams, of the author' s hypothesis that revival of ideas may be due either to psychical or physical initiation, we have an account of the various types of memory, muscular, visual, and so forth. The part which deals with individual memories, and gives the result of a careful statistical inquiry of the author, is the most valuable in the volume. On the other hand, the chapter which follows is decidedly unsatisfactory, since it mainly presents, with little connection, some of the usual observations on the general character of apperception, association, and attention. This chapter includes also the reprint of an experimental research by the author on the time required for recognition. The fact that this reprint occupies nine pages, while the work of Ebbinghaus is summarized elsewhere in two pages, seems to indicate a failure in the sense of proportion. The closing chapter deals with pedagogical applica- tions. It may be noted that in the citation of German titles throughout the volume there are a number of errors, and that the references generally are rather unsystematic.

W. G. SMITH.

Studies, Scientifc and Social. By ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE. In two volumes. London, Macmillan & Co., Ltd.; New York, The Macmillan CO., I900.-PP. xv, 532; viii, 535. "The present work consists mainly of reprints of the more important

articles I have contributed to reviews and other periodicals during the thirty-five years from i865 to i899. . . . In order to make the subjects discussed more interesting to the general reader, I have, wherever possible, introduced copious illustrations, and this has led me in many cases so to modify and enlarge the original article as to render it a new piece of work." The two volumes which thus result from Dr. Wallace's labors of collec- tion and revision will appeal to a wide circle of readers. Their author is gifted-as Darwin was not-with a simple and attractive style, which, together with his range of topics and skill in marshalling arguments, holds the attention riveted throughout the fifty-two chapters of the work. Few men of science, whatever their special province, are unfamiliar with Island

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