Mexican American2

8/8/2019 Mexican American2

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Mexican Americans

Erin Zellers & Shannon Kish


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Overview

Brief History

Cultural Characteristics

Prejudices and Stereotypes Major Problems

Implications for Social Work

How to Improve the Situation


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Mexican- American War

Beginnings

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Texas, New Mexico, California, andArizona.

http://bit.ly/dprpMJ

(Gratton & Walker, 2009)


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War Aftermath

80,000 Mexicans

resided in

American territory Citizenship

Increased

tensions betweenMexico and US.



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Relationships with Anglos

Mexicans were angered and alienated after

1848. Retaliatory violence and Las Gorras Blancas

Mexican Americans and WWII.



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Chicano Movement

What is a Chicano?

Chicano Movement

Aztlan

(Toro, 2007)


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Immigration


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Title

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Language

Mexican Spanish

Less formal than European Spanish

Slang

English

Generational difference


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Mexican Flag

Independence

Movement

Aztec Heritage

Purity Blood


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Courtship and Marriage

Traditional Dating

Chaperoned

Chastity (girls)

Marriage Prevalence of teen

marriages

Portadors tradition Parental influence

Weddings

Catholic

Traditional dances

March

(Englekirk & Marin, 2010)


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Family

Close knit units with strong bonds

Average size: 4.1 people

Head: 73.5% married couple, 19.1% single F

Divorce rate: low Generational increase in intermarriage

Large extended families with respect for Elders

Structure: Patriarchal(Englekirk & Marin, 2010)


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Childrearing

Traditional- gender roles

more restrictions more liberties

Modern- equal privileges

family commitments

responsibilitiesfewer hindrances

Girls vs. Boys



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Politics & Government

Voting Behavior: 59.6% Democratic

16% Republican

24.4% Independent Limits:

Ineligible to vote

Low SES

Lack of education

High poverty rate

Increasing PoliticalPower:

More elected officials

Reasons: 24th Amendment

Redistricting

Population growth



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HealthCare Beliefs & Practices

Home Remedies

herbs & other natural remedies, passed down

through generations

Curanderos/Folk Healers

possess don/God given gift/ability to heal

use herbs, oils, massages, spirits

Modern U.S. Medical Services & Doctors



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Religion

Catholicism: 70%

Strong roots in Mexico

La Virgen de Guadalupe/Virgin Mary

Protestantism: Latter Day Saints/Mormons,

Presbyterians

Evangelical Denominations: Seventh Day

Adventists, Jehovahs Witnesses, Pentecostals

(Encyclopedia of Religious, Esoterical, & Spiritual Development, 2009)


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Religious Festivals & Rituals

Feast of our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec 12th

Roses

Las Posadas: 9 days prior to Christmas Misa de Gallo

El Da de los Reyes Magos: Jan 6th

Shoes & Gifts

El Mircoles de Ceniza: Ash Wednesday Forehead Imprint

La Procesin de las Tres Cadas: Good Friday Lady of Sorrows

Easter Sunday



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Holidays El Da de la Bandera: Feb

24th

Independence Mvmt

Mexican Independence Day

: Sept 16th

Liberation from Spain

Viva Mexico y mueran losgachupines

Cinco de Mayo: May 5th

Battle of Puebla



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Funerals

Death = New Beginning Velorio

Pay respects

Food

Annual Burial

Religious songs

Flowers & candles

Mourning

Black clothes

Promesas



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Clothing

Charros China Poblana



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Art


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Music

Chico: 1930s Lalo Guerrero

Rock: 1950s-70s

Rap: early 1990s Tejano: Conjunto,

Orchestra, & Modern

Ranchera Mariachi (Folk)

Grito Mexicano



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Traditional Dances El Jarabe Tapatio (The Mexican Hat Dance)

La Danza del Venado (The Deer Dance) La Culebra (The Snake)

Danza de los Viejitos (Dance of the Old Men)

Video- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C17IB5rP6xo&feature=related


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Food

Daily

pork, beef, chicken

tomato-based sauceseasoned with cumin

& cilantro

rice, beans, & corn

tortillas

Traditional Dishes

Tamales

Enchiladas Mole

Chilaquiles

Chiles Rellenos Posole



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Oppression

1866- Racial identity

Greasers and the GreaserAct

Lynchings and linchocracia

Fear of Mongrelization Deportation Campaigns

(Toro , 2007)


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Modern Day Oppression

Arizona Law

Racial Profiling

Hate Crimes

ULAC

La Raza

http://bit.ly/bsGEtp

Every Culture, 2010


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Common Stereotypes

Dont speak English

Poor

Lazy Hardworking

Family-oriented

Wetbacks Uneducated

Dirty

Noisy

Illegal Immigrants

Love Soccer Against border

control

Love Mexican music Speak/Understand

Spanish

(Jackson, 1995)


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High Birth & DeathRates

Birth Rate:

718,146 per year

109 per 1,000 women

Mortality Rate: 77,274 per year

260.3 per 100,000 people

Infant Death Rate: 5.34 per 1,000 infants

(Center for Disease Control & Prevention, 2006)


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Top 10 Causes of Death

1. Heart Disease- 26%2. Cancer- 23%

3. Stroke- 6%

4. Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases- 5%5. Unintentional Injuries- 5%

6. Diabetes- 3%

7. Alzheimers- 3%

8. Influenza & Pneumonia- 2%9. Kidney Disease- 2%

10.Septicemia- 1%



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Major Health Issues

Diabetes

16% Hispanic/Latino Population

Obesity

30% M & 42% F

Hypertension

25% M & 29% F



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HealthRisk Factors

Lack of Health Insurance 36% under age 65 have no coverage

Poverty Rate

21% are below the poverty level National Average is 12%

Lack of Education

Low Income Cannot afford healthcare



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Low Education Attainment

Why so low?

Economic factors

Linguistic deficiencies

(U.S. Census Bureau, 2000)


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Jobs History: Expendable Labor

Types of Jobs Held:

Business Owners: > million

Low wages despite lowunemployment rate

Median Family Income:$23,240 (with 2-3people working)

Discrimination(Englekirk & Marin, 2010)

Professional, Health,

& Education

20.3%

Service Jobs 16.4%

Management &

Specialty Positions

16%

Manufacturing 15.9%

Agriculture 2.9%

Mining < 1%


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Drugs & Alcohol


Substance National Total Hispanic/Latino Total

Any Illicit Drug 8% 6.6%

Marijuana 5.8% 4.5%

Psychotherapeutic

Drugs (non-medical)

2.8% 2.3%

Alcohol 51.1% 42.1%

Binge Drinking 23.3% 23.4%

Heavy Alcohol Use 6.9% 5.5%


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Jail

Avg # of Inmates in State, Federal, &/or Local Prisons per 100,000 Pop

Males Females

Total 1,384 134

Whites 736 94

African Americans 4,789 358

Hispanics/Latinos 1,862 152



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Implications for SW

In Practice:

Cultural awareness & knowledge

Recognizing differences

Values & Ethics

In Theory:

Studying Mexican Americans

Developing theory for future use


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Improving the Situation

Improve knowledge of general public

Cultural awareness

More positive media attention

Reduce stereotypes

Adjustment programs, medical care, quality of education

Advocacy for immigration laws Arizona

Citizenship process


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Conclusion

Brief History

Cultural Characteristics

Prejudices and Stereotypes Major Problems

Implications for Social Work

How to Improve the situation


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Questions?


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References

Encyclopedia of Religious, Esoterical, & Spiritual Development. (2009). Mexican AmericanReligion & Spirituality. Retrieved from http://exhumator.com/00-155-00_esoteric-religious-spiritual-mexican-american-religion-and-spirituality.html

Englekirk, A., & Mari, M. (2010). Mexican Americans. Retrieved fromhttp://www.everyculture.com/multi/Le-Pa/Mexican-Americans.html

Jackson, L. A. (1995, January). Stereotypes, Emotions, Behaviors, And Overall AttitudesTowards Hispanics by Anglos. Retrieved September 9, 2010, fromhttp://www.jsri.msu.edu/RandS/research/irr/rr10.pdf

Toro, L. A. (2007, December 23). Chicanos As a Radicalized Minority. Retrieved September7, 2010, from http://academic.udayton.edu/race/01race/hispanic01.htm

U.S. Census Bureau. (2000). Data. Retrieved fromhttp://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html


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References (continued)

U.S. Department of Human Services Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. (2006).National Center for Health Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/

Walker, S., & Gratton, B. (2009, October). Mexican American History Online. RetrievedSeptember 9, 2010, fromhttp://www.oah.org/pubs/magazine/v23n4/webresources.html

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Mexican American2