Mexican Independence1810-1824

Better GovernmentIndependenceMonarchyRepublicWho benefits from Independence?Who does not benefit from Independence?

Key Terms

• Grito de Dolores• Spanish Constitution of 1812• Chilpancingo• Plan de Iguala• Army of Three Guarantees• Treaty of Córdoba•1st Mexican Empire, 1821-1823

Primary Actors

• Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla• Ignacio Allende-Captain Spanish Army• Josefina Dominguez - La Corregidora• Father José María Morelos• Agustín Iturbide-Colonel Spanish Army

• Guadalupe Victoria-1st President of Mexico

Factors contributing to Independence movement

• Criollo vs. Peninsular rivalry

• The Enlightenment• Bourbon Reforms• French occupation of Spain• Push for Local Autonomy• Casta Unrest

El Grito de DoloresA mural by Juan O'Gorman depicts Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla's call to

revolt against Spain on Sept. 16, 1810.

Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez

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La Virgen de Guadalupe

Juan Diego

Basilica de la Virgen de Guadalupe

Tepeyac Hill

Shrine at Tepeyac

Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

Father Miguel HidalgoAlthough considered the Father of Mexican Independence:He never called for Independence, but rather for better

government

Father José María Morelos

Father José María Morelos

Father Morelos

Military Academy

1813 Congress at Chilpancingo

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Agustín Iturbide

Plan de Iguala February 24, 1821

The Plan de Iguala’s Three Guarantees

Itrubide’s Banner that won Independence for Mexico

• Independence for all Mexicans

• Equality for Peninsulares and Criollos (not necessarily for the Indigenous populations)

• Catholicism as the official state religion

The Banner of Three Guarentees

Emperor Iturbide

Angel of Independence

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1824Flag of the 1st Mexican Republic

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