AMERICAN SETTLERS COMING TO TEXAS

Anglo Colonization andMexican Independence

Vocabulary

abolish- to do away with

Sentence: Slavery was abolished in the mid-19th century

constitution- a document that defines the laws of the land, rights of the people, and role of the government

Sentence: The U.S. constitution gives Americans freedom of speech

revolution- the forcible overthrow of a government or social orderSentence: During the American Revolution the British lost their 13 colonies.

Vocabulary

conservatives- people who want to limit change in societySentence: The peninsulares in New Spain were conservatives because they did not support the Mexican Revolution.

liberals- people who support change to current systemsSentence: Liberals are the opposite of conservatives.

expansion- increasing in sizeSentence: Manifest Destiny was based on the expansion of the U.S. from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

Vocabulary

empresario- a person who, in the early years of the settlement of Texas, had been granted the right to settle on Mexican land in exchange for recruiting and taking responsibility for new settlers.

Sentence: The Spanish used the empresario system to control Texas because the mission system failed.

Spanish Social Class (early 1800’s)

Class means = Social Rank (Poverty, Wealthy, etc…)

In New Spain their were 3 distinct classes Peninsulares – Highest Rank (Spaniards from Europe)

Criollos – 2nd Highest Rank(Spaniards born in the Americas)

Mestizos – low social rank (mixed race Spanish and Native American heritage)

Indians – the lowest social rank (little chance of escaping poverty)

Questions on Social Class

Which group would be making the decisions in New Spain?

Peninsulares

CriollosMestizosIndians

What problems was New Spain facing?

Many revolts were taking place within New Spain

King Ferdinand of Spain abolished the constitution of 1812 which limited the king’s power and gave rights to the people

Filibusters were trying to take over land in Texas

The United States was an aggressive and young nation eager to expand to the Pacific Ocean (Manifest Destiny)

What are the causes of the Mexican Revolution?

People in New Spain resented (did not like) Spanish control.

Most people lived in povertyDid not want to pay taxes to support the

King’s warsInspired by the American RevolutionPeople were tired of the rule of the

Peninsulares (high class).Lower class rises up and conquers territories

of New Spain.

Rebellion begins in New Spain

Spain begins losing control of its colonies in the Americas. By 1810 the people of New Spain (Mexico) wanted to be free from Spain.

In 1810, a priest named Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla started a revolt against the Spanish. He wanted people of all social classes to be equal. Specifically he organized the Criollos to fight the Peninsulares. He was betrayed and killed by one of his own officers after the Spanish put down the revolt.

In Texas, Juan Bautista de las Casas overthrew the Spanish governor, but was captured. The Spanish beheaded him and stuck his head on a post in the plaza of San Antonio.

Rebels continued to fight against the Spanish and Peninsulares

Why do you think Spain beheaded Casas?

Mexican Independence

The Plan of Iguala A compromise between peninsulares and criollos Article 1 – Mexico is independent of the Spanish nation,

and every other nation Article 2 – The official religion is Catholicism, people

must be loyal to only this religion Article 3 –The people will be united, without any

distinction between Americans (criollos) and Europeans (peninsulares)

Article 4 –The government shall be a constitutional monarchy (A ceremonial king/queen but operate under a constitution. It is not absolute power.)

Treaty of Cordoba officially ends the Revolution

Independence Independence ConstitutionConstitution

Mexico became independent on August 24, 1821

The Mexican Federal Constitution was ratified in 1824.

It is patterned after the U.S. Constitution.

Congress interprets the document

Catholicism is the official religion

President and Vice President serve 4 year terms

Ladies and Gentlemen, may I introduce: Mexico

Question:

Which social classes were excluded from being involved in the creation of The Plan of Iguala?

The plan favored conservatives. The conservatives did not want to change the social class structure.

Conservatives – wanted to limit change and keep the old ways

http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/mexico.html

Future struggles for Mexico

Concerned about the United States

Few Mexicans living in Texas (They were off fighting in the heart of New Spain)

Question: Why should they be concerned about the Unites States?

Answer:

What is the State Colonization Law of 1825?

Families could immigrate to Mexico for a small fee.

As long as they acquire Mexican citizenship and get a title from the government.

The Austins

Empresarios

What is an empresario?

a businessman who brings settlers to a piece of land.

Moses Austin

1. First of the empresarios2. Early life: storekeeper, lead miner,

banker3. In 1790, the Spanish gave him a

land (4,428 acres) in Louisiana, including several lead mines. They also gave Austin a contract to settle 300 families in Louisiana. The new settlers had to become loyal Spanish citizens.

4. They were called “The Old Three Hundred”

5. Moses Austin wanted to expand and bring more Anglo settlers to Texas.

6. He found his old friend, Baron de Bastrop. He convinced the governor to approve Austin’s plan to bring more settlers.

The Man, The Myth, The Legend.MOSES AUSTIN

Who is Moses Austin? friends with governor of New Spain Owned a colony and bank in Missouri He started the first colony in Texas to bring 300

families He dies before he can bring settlers, his son took over

his contract

http://www.lsjunction.com/people/austin.htm

SFA selects the location of his colony

Between the Colorado and Brazos Rivers

A lot of timber, water,

and excellent

soil

Good for agricultur

e

Far from Comancheterritory

http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/austin.htm

Benefits and Requirements of Settlers

• Austin’s colony 12. 5 cents an acre (U.S was $1.25 an acre)• Austin’s settlers financed their land (U.S made you pay all the $ up front)

However:• Settlers had to pledge loyalty to Mexico• Settlers gave up their United States citizenship• They had to adopt the Roman Catholic religion• No frontiersmen (hunters only) were allowed• No drunkards, gamblers, or profane cursers were allowed• Mexico did not allow slavery, but the colonists brought slaves anyway

Problems in the Colony

• Austin spent a full year away from the colony trying to convince the Mexican government to allow his colony to be recognized.

• Drought struck the colony • Karankawa Indians killed many of the colonists

• Supplies did not reach the colony from the Gulf of Mexico

Stephen F. Austin’s Legacy

He is considered the “Father of Texas”He was a lawyer and well respected for his

negotiating skills with the Mexican government and his representation of his residents

In ten years he helped more than 1,500 families settle in Texas

He was the most successful empresario in TexasEmpresario – a land contractor who was given

land and the job of bringing settlers to the colony.

Directions for Colony Poster

Create an advertisement for a colony which would compete for settlers with Austin’s colony

Required partsColony’s nameColony’s location – mapNearby rivers and landformsPrice of land (per acre)5 requirements of settlersColor

Always do

more than

the minimum

requirements

Centralist vs. Federalist

Both effective gov.

National government controls settlement

Centralist government

Under the Colonization laws settlers get: 1. large amounts of land at low cost2. pay no taxes for 6 years3. give up U.S. citizenship gain Mexican

citizenship

A modern look at SFA’s colony

http://www.texasescapes.com/CentralTexasTownsSouth/San-Felipe-Texas-Stephen-F-Austin-State-Park.htm#park

Federal Republic of Mexico 1824

Using the map that you have been provided, highlight the following:

1.Coahuila y Tejas (Texas colony)

2.San Felipe de Austin

3.San Antonio de Bexar

4.Red River

5.Sabine River

6.Rio Grandehttp://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/mexico.html

TITLE YOUR PAPERFULL HEADING IN THE TOP RIGHT CORNER

#1-10 AND A BONUS - SKIP LINES

SIT SILENTLYOR YOU GET A 0%

“Mexico Quiz”

Mexico Quiz

1. Between which three bodies of water did Stephen F. Austin form his colony?

2. What group of people did Austin try to stay far away from when he was choosing the site of his colony?

3. How much money (per acre) did land cost in Austin’s colony?

4. How much would 20 acres cost in Austin’s colony?

FOR 50 cents your decimal should be .5

5. What document did settlers from the U.S. have to give up before becoming a Mexican citizen?

Mexico Quiz

6. How long did Austin have to spend away from his colony negotiating with Mexico to keep his contract after they became independent?

7. Stephen F. Austin is considered “The ________ of Texas”

8. Draw out your Venn diagram on…9. During which years did Mexico have a centralist

government? (ex. 1783-1792)10. If this was 1825, which Mexican state would we

live in?Which state (not territory) is directly west of … the state where we would have lived?