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Chapter 9 – Energy in a CellAll living organisms must be able to obtain energy from their environment

1. Most cell functions require __________.2. Examples:

a) Making ______________ or synthesizing other macromoleculesb) Essential for maintaining ________________ by moving molecules through the

membrane by ___________________________c) Rid the cell of toxins by ___________________d) Find and engulf food by ___________________ e) Movement to avoid danger

ATP1. Adenosine Triphosphate or ATP is an energy storing molecule that provides direct energy to your cells2. ____________________________ 3. ATP is composed of an adenosine molecule with _____ phosphate groups attached4. ATP releases energy quickly whenever a cell needs it.

ATP1. The phosphate groups are positively charged and repel each other2. It takes energy to hold them together 3. When the bond ________________, energy is _______________

a) Like a spring being released

ADP1. When one phosphate group breaks away, ATP becomes Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP). 2. ADP has only two phosphate groups and holds less energy than ATP

AMP1. Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP) has only one phosphate and holds the least energy

ATP ADP ATP1. ATP and ADP are made and broken down in a _________________.

9. 2 - P hotosynthesis Photosynthesis

1. Photosynthesis is the process that uses the sun’s energy to make ________________ (simple sugar)Why is Photosynthesis important?

1. Makes ___________ molecules (glucose) out of _____________ materials (carbon dioxide and water).2. It begins all ______________________. Thus all life is supported by this process.3. It also makes _______________ gas!!

Chloroplast1. ___________________ is the cell organelle where photosynthesis occurs 2. Chloroplast contains a pigment called _____________________

a) Pigment: a molecule that absorbs light3. Chlorophyll absorbs all wavelengths of light except ____________. Green is reflected back; plants look

green because green is ___________________ backPhotosynthesis

1. What happens in the fall when deciduous trees lose their leaves? 2. Chlorophyll stops being made. 3. Other pigments show up before the leaf is dropped.

Photosynthesis Equation

______________________________________________________

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Chapter 9 – Energy in a CellGlucose

1. Glucose stores __________________. 2. Glucose can be broken down to make ___________. 3. Glucose is also used by the plant to make __________________________.

9. 3 – Cellula r Respiration - Gettin g Ene r g y t o Ma k e A TP Cellular Respiration

1. The process by which organisms break down food molecules (_________) to produce ___________

Two Types of Respiration1. There are two basic types of cellular respiration

a) ___________________ respiration: requires oxygen b) ___________________ respiration: no oxygen

Formula for aerobic respirationPhotosynthesis - ____________________________________________________

Aerobic Respiration - ________________________________________________

Mitochondria1. The ______________________ is the organelle where aerobic respiration takes place

Aerobic Respiration1. There are 3 stages of aerobic respiration

a) ______________________________ b) ______________________________ c) ______________________________

3 Stages of Aerobic RespirationStage 1 - _______________ (Lysis = split)Glucose splits into 2 molecules.Occurs in the _________________ (__________________)ATP: 2 gets used, 4 are created___________________________________________

3 Stages of Aerobic Respiration

Stage 2 – _________________________________ Occurs in the ______________________________ Chemical reactions that produce _______________________________________________

3 Stages of Aerobic RespirationStage 3 – ________________________________Occurs in the _____________________________Uses molecules from Citric Acid Cycle to make ATP._____________is released._________________________

Aerobic RespirationTotal ATP made from one Glucose molecule: _____________________ But, 2 ATP are used in Glycolysis, SO, ____________________________________.

Total ATP Production1. Overall, ________________ respiration produces a total of _____________ molecules of ATP

If Oxygen is not present…

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Chapter 9 – Energy in a Cell1. _______________________________ occurs in the cell.an - without ; aerobic – oxygen2. Sometimes cells are without O2.3. _______________________ still happens, then fermentation.

Anaerobic Respiration1. Respiration _________________ oxygen is called anaerobic respiration 2. Anaerobic respiration is also called _______________________3. There are two types of fermentation

a) _________________________ fermentationb) _________________________ fermentation

Lactic Acid Fermentation1. Lactic acid fermentation occurs in ______________ during exercise when cells run out of oxygen2. Occurs in the _________________ 3. Lactic acid fermentation only creates _________________

a)_______________________________________________ 4. ___________________ is released as a byproduct which builds up causing a burning sensation in

your muscles during strenuous exercise and causes sore muscles after exercising

Alcoholic Fermentation1. Alcoholic fermentation occurs in _________________________ in the absence of oxygen 2. Alcoholic fermentation creates ___________________

a) ________________________________________________ 3. Alcoholic fermentation releases ____________ and __________________ as byproducts 4. Yeast is used to make beer and bread

Cellular Energy ComparisonPhotosynthesis

1. _________________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________________ 3. _________________________________________________________ 4. _________________________________________________________ 5. _________________________________________________________ 6. _________________________________________________________ 7. _________________________________________________________ 8. _________________________________________________________ 9. _________________________________________________________

Aerobic Cellular Respiration1. _________________________________________________________2. _________________________________________________________ 3. _________________________________________________________ 4. _________________________________________________________ 5. _________________________________________________________ 6. _________________________________________________________ 7. _________________________________________________________ 8. _________________________________________________________ 9. _________________________________________________________