Microsoft PowerPoint - Lect1 [Compatibility Mode]

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Sharda UniversityPradeep Kr. Mishra

(Asst.Prof)

Department of Information Technology

Subject Name: Basics of Computer & C Programming

Basics of Computer & C Programming 1 1


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BASICS of COMPUTER & C PROGRAMMING IT Term 1

UNIT 1 (8 hours)

Fundamentals of Computer:

Computer: Introduction, computer generations, components of PC, classification of computers, storage devices.

Software: Introduction, types of software, overview of operating system.

Computer languages: Introduction, generation of languages, translators.

Number system:binary, decimal, octal, hexadecimal

UNIT 2

(10 hours)

Algorithms:

Flowchart: components of flowchart, design of flowchart for various problems.

Algorithm: definition, characteristics, uses of algorithms, development of algorithms, recursive algorithms.

Pseudocode: definition and use.

Fundamentals of C:

Elements of C: History, introduction to C programming language, structure of a C program, compilation and execution of C program, data types, variables, modifiers,

identifiers and keywords, symbolic constants, storage classes, operators and expressions, enumerations, macros, C preprocessor, control statements and loops.

UNIT 3

(6 hours)


, , , .Functions:built-in and user-defined, function declaration, definition and function call, parameter passing: call by value, call by reference, recursive functions, string handling

functions.

UNIT 4

(8 hours)

Strings: initializing of strings, assigning values to strings, converting strings to other types, library functions for manipulation.

Pointers: pointers & addresses, pointers & arrays, pointers & function arguments, address arithmetic, character pointers and functions, pointers to pointer, array of pointers.

UNIT-5

(8 hours)

Structures & Unions: definition, initializing, assigning values, unions.

File handling: opening and closing a data file, creating a data file, I/O operations on files.

Text Books:

1. P K Sinha, Computer Fundamentals, BPB2. Balagurusamy, E programming in ANSI C 2/e,TMH

References:

Complete Reference C, Herbert Schildt, BPB Publications.

A book on C, Era Pohl and Kelly, Pearson Education.Kanetkar, Yashvant, Let Us C, 4/e,BPB publications.


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SHARDA UNIVERSITY Gr Noida

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Lecture Plan Details

Session: 2011-12 Term: 1

Name of Faculty: Pradeep Kr.Mishra

Department: Information Technology

Course Name: B.Tech L( 3 )T( 1 )P( 0 )

Subject Name: Basics of Computer & 'C' Programming

Delivery D ate Remark

UNIT 1


Fundamentals of Computer:

1Computer :Introduction, Computer Generations

2Components of PC

3Classification of computers

4Storage devices

5Computer languages :Introduction and generation of languages

6Number System binary Decimal

7 Octal and hexadecimal

8Numerical examples


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UNIT 2

Algorithms & Fundamentals of C:

9Flowchart: Components of flow charts

10Design of Flowchart for various Problems

11Algorithm :Definition, Characteristics, Development and uses of algorithms

12Recursive algorithms, Pseudo code: Definition and use

13Elements of C:History Introduction to Programming Language

14Structure of C program, Compilation and execution of c program

15Data types, Variable, Constants, Identifier and keywords

16Storage classes Operators and Expressions Enumerations


17Macros, C preprocessor

18Control statements and loop

UNIT 3: Arrays & Function

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Array One dimensional and multi dimensional arrays : Declarations, Initialization and array manipulation

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Array as parameters, Functions: Definition, Function Declaration Types of function

21Function call,

22Parameter passing call by value, call by reference

23Recursive and string handling functions

24Examples


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UNIT 4: String & Pointers:

25Introduction to strings

26Working with strings

27Conversion of strings toother types

28 Strings functions

29Introduction to Pointers

30Array & Pointers

31Functions & Pointers

32Arrayof Pointers

UNIT 5: Structures and Unions

33Introduction to structures

34Working with structures

Introduction to unions


36Difference with structures and unions

37Introduction to file handling

38Opening andclosinga data file

39Creating a data file

40I/O operations on files

Text Books: 1.P K Sinha, Computer Fundamentals, BPB

2.Balagurusamy, E programming in ANSI C 2/e, TMH

Reference

Books: 1.CompleteReference C, Herbert Schildt, BPBPublications.

2.A book onC, EraPohland Kelly, Pearson Education.

3. The C Programming Language, Second Edition by Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie.


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The word Computer comes fromthe word Compute, which to be a

calculating device, which can

Unit 1 LECTURE 1

perform arithmetic operation at

enormous speed.

Basics of Computer & C Programming 6


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Characteristics of Computer:- Automatic:- A machine is said to be automatic, works by itself without

human intervention. Computers are automatic machine because oncestarted on a job, they carry on until the job is finished, normally without anyhuman assistance.

. - .seconds. While taking about the speed of a computer.. We do not talk interms of seconds or even milliseconds (10-3). Our units of speed are themicroseconds (10-6), the nanoseconds (10-9), and even the picoseconds

(10-12).

3.Accuracy: - In addition to being very fast, computers are very accurate.

The accuracy of a computer is consistently high and the degree of accuracyof a particular compute depends upon its design. However errors can occurin a computer due to incorrect input data or incorrect code by the

programmer.



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Characteristics of Computer:-

4.Diligence: - Unlike human beings, a computer is free fromtiredness and lack of concentration. It can continuously work forhours without creating any error.

5.Versatility: - Versatility is one of the most wonderful things aboutthe computer. It is all-rounder and it can do different job.

6.Power of Remembering: - A computer can store an reca anyamount of information because of its secondary storage device.

7.No I.Q:- A computer is not a magical device. It possesses nointelligence of its I.Q. is zero.

8.No feeling: - Computer are devoid of emotion. They have nofeeling and no intents. Because they are machine.



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The Computer Generation:- Generation in computer talk in a step in technology. It

provides a framework for the growth of the computer

industry. Generation came into wide use only after 1964.

today.



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First Generation:- ( 1942-1955)

In this generation some of the early computer ENIAC(Electronic Numeric Integrator and Calculator),EDVAC (Electronic Discrete variable Automatic

Automatic Calculator) UNIVAC ( The UniversalAutomatic Computer) IBM ( International BusinessMachines) . These Machines and others of their timewere built by using thousands of vacuum tubes.



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The characteristic of Ist Generation:-

They were the fastest calculation devices of their time.

They were too bulky in size requiring large rooms for

installation.

T ousan s o vacuum tu es w c were use em tte

large amount of heat and burnt out frequently



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Second Generation ( 1955-1964):-

The second generation computer were manufactured usingtransistors, instead of vacuum tubes. A new electronicswitching device called transistor was invented at BellLab in 1947 by John Bardeen, Willian Shockley andWalter Brattain. Transistor are more powerful, morereliable less expensive, smaller and cooler to operator thanvacuum tube. On the software front the IInd generation.Saw the emergence at high-level programming languageand batch O.S. High level programming languages like

FORTAN, COBOL, ALGOL and SNOBOL weredeveloped during IInd generation period.



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Characteristic features of IInd Generation:-

They were more than ten times faster than the firstgeneration computer.

They were much smaller than Ist generation

.Although the need dissipation was much less than Ist

generation the rooms/area in Which II nd generationComputer were located had to be property a/c.



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IIIrd Generation (1964-1975):-

In 1958 Jack stoclair Kilby and Rober Noyce invented Ist

integrated circuit. Integrated circuits (IC) are consisting

of several electronic components like transistors, resistors,

.technology was also known as micro electronics

technology was also known as micro electronics

technology because it made it possible to integrate large

number of circuit components into very small (less than

5mm square) surface of silicon known as chip



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The characteristic features of IIIrd Generation:-

They were much more powerful than the IIndgeneration Computers. They were capable ofperforming about 1 million instruction per second.

computer requiring smaller space.

Although the heat dissipation was much less thansecond generation. Computer the rooms also requiredAC.



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IVth Generatiion ( 1975-1989) :-

During the IVth generation magnetic core memories were

replace by semiconductor memories, resulting in large

random access memories with very fast access time on the

,capacity.



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The characteristic of IV th generation:-

The PC was smaller and cheaper than the mainframesor minicomputers of III rd generation.

The mainframes were much more powerful than IIIrd

.

No AC was required for PC.



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The characteristic features of Vth generation.

Portable PC are much more smaller and handy than the

PC of the IVth generation allowing user to use computing

facility even while traveling.

,powerful than the PCs of the IVth generation.

The mainframes are several times more powerful than the

mainframe systems of the IVth generation.



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Thanks


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Microsoft PowerPoint - Lect1 [Compatibility Mode]