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Middle East Middle East

Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

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Page 1: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

Middle EastMiddle East

Page 2: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

LandformsLandforms

A. MountainsA. Mountains

Page 3: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

LandformsLandforms

B. PeninsulasB. Peninsulas

Page 4: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

LandformsLandforms

C. DesertsC. Deserts

Page 5: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

LandformsLandforms

D. SeasD. Seas

Page 6: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

LandformsLandforms

E. RiversE. Rivers

Page 7: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

MountainsMountains

The mountainous region is The mountainous region is an area of much an area of much seismicseismic activity.activity.

Seismic: related to Seismic: related to earthquakesearthquakes

Page 8: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

PeninsulasPeninsulas

A. Arabian PeninsulaA. Arabian Peninsula

B. Sinai PeninsulaB. Sinai Peninsula

Page 9: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas
Page 10: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

SeasSeas

A. The Dead Sea sits at the mouth of the A. The Dead Sea sits at the mouth of the Jordan River.Jordan River.

Page 11: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

The Dead Sea has four times the salt The Dead Sea has four times the salt content of the worldcontent of the world’’s oceans.s oceans.

Page 12: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas
Page 13: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

SeasSeas

B. The Caspian Sea is the largest inland B. The Caspian Sea is the largest inland body of water on Earth.body of water on Earth.

Page 14: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

SeasSeas

C. TheC. The Aral Sea lies east of the Caspian Aral Sea lies east of the Caspian Sea.Sea.

Page 15: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas
Page 16: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas
Page 17: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

RiversRivers

Over 90% of EgyptOver 90% of Egypt’’s people s people live along the Nile delta.live along the Nile delta.DeltaDelta: A Triangular section of : A Triangular section of land at a riverland at a river’’s mouth containing s mouth containing rich, alluvial deposits of soil.rich, alluvial deposits of soil.

Page 18: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

RiversRivers

The Tigris and Euphrates rivers run mainly The Tigris and Euphrates rivers run mainly through Iraq.through Iraq.

Page 19: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

ClimateClimate

Deserts cover almost 50% of the region.Deserts cover almost 50% of the region.

Page 20: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

ClimateClimate

DesertDesert

Small-scale farming is possible in an Small-scale farming is possible in an oasisoasis..

OasisOasis: A place in the desert where : A place in the desert where water and vegetation can be found.water and vegetation can be found.

Page 21: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

OasisOasis

Page 22: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

ClimateClimate

Wadis Wadis are also common throughout are also common throughout deserts of the Middle East. These are deserts of the Middle East. These are streambeds that remain dry until a heavy streambeds that remain dry until a heavy rain.rain.

Page 23: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

ClimateClimate

Many people of this climate and Many people of this climate and region are region are bedouinsbedouins, nomadic , nomadic desert people.desert people.

Page 24: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

ClimateClimate

SteppeSteppe

This climate provides enough This climate provides enough rainfall to support pasture for rainfall to support pasture for sheep, goats, and camelssheep, goats, and camels..

Page 25: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

ClimateClimate

2. 2. PastoralismPastoralism, the raising and grazing of , the raising and grazing of livestock, is a way of life for people who livestock, is a way of life for people who live in this steppe climate.live in this steppe climate.

Page 26: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

ClimateClimate

Coastal and HighlandCoastal and Highland

Coastal and Highland Coastal and Highland areas near mountain ranges areas near mountain ranges receive the mostreceive the most rainfall.rainfall.

Page 27: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

ClimateClimate

Farmers in these areas can raise Farmers in these areas can raise cereals.cereals.

CerealsCereals: grains that are grown for food, : grains that are grown for food, such as wheat, oats, and barley.such as wheat, oats, and barley.

Page 28: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

Natural ResourcesNatural Resources

A. OilA. Oil

1. 1. 60%60% of the world of the world’’s oil s oil comes from this region.comes from this region.

Page 29: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

Natural ResourcesNatural Resources

B. CopperB. Copper

C. CoalC. Coal

D. PhosphateD. Phosphate

PhosphatePhosphate: A chemical used in : A chemical used in fertilizersfertilizers

Page 30: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

Natural ResourcesNatural Resources

E. E. Many other products like fruits, Many other products like fruits, animals, and crops are bought and animals, and crops are bought and sold at a local sold at a local suq,suq, an enclosed an enclosed marketplace in the region.marketplace in the region.

Page 31: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

ReligionReligion

Judaism, Christianity, and Judaism, Christianity, and IslamIslam

monotheismmonotheism: belief in one : belief in one god. god.

Page 32: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

ReligionReligion

JudaismJudaism is the oldest is the oldest monotheistic faith.monotheistic faith.

Judaism teaches obedience Judaism teaches obedience to Godto God’’s laws, and their history s laws, and their history is recorded in the Hebrew is recorded in the Hebrew Bible.Bible.

Page 33: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

ReligionReligion

Christianity follows the teaching Christianity follows the teaching of of Jesus.Jesus.

Christian scriptures include the Christian scriptures include the Hebrew Bible and the Hebrew Bible and the NewNew TestamentTestament..

Page 34: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

ReligionReligion

IslamIslam

According to the religion of Islam, According to the religion of Islam, MuhammadMuhammad believed that he was a believed that he was a prophet of God. prophet of God.

ProphetProphet: messenger of: messenger of

God.God.

Page 35: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

ReligionReligion

2. A Muslim house of worship is a 2. A Muslim house of worship is a mosquemosque..

Page 36: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

ReligionReligion

The Muslim holy book is the The Muslim holy book is the Quran.Quran.

Page 37: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas
Page 38: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

Early CivilizationsEarly Civilizations

SumeriansSumerians

MesopotamiaMesopotamia lies between the Tigris and lies between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Euphrates rivers.

This is where the Sumerian civilization This is where the Sumerian civilization developed.developed.

Page 39: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

Early CivilizationsEarly Civilizations

SumeriansSumerians

Sumerians progressed in the Sumerians progressed in the study of study of mathmath and and engineering.engineering.

The Sumerian writing system is The Sumerian writing system is called called cuneiformcuneiform. It consists of . It consists of wedge-shaped symbols written on wedge-shaped symbols written on clay tablets.clay tablets.

Page 40: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

Early CivilizationsEarly Civilizations

4. 4. The Phoenicians formed the The Phoenicians formed the basis for many basis for many modernmodern alphabetsalphabets..

Page 41: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

Early CivilizationsEarly Civilizations

5. One of the Persians5. One of the Persians’’ greatest greatest achievements was the building of achievements was the building of qanatsqanats, or underground canals., or underground canals.

These were necessary because These were necessary because water evaporated running above water evaporated running above ground across the desert.ground across the desert.

Page 42: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas
Page 43: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

Early CivilizationsEarly Civilizations

EgyptiansEgyptians

This regionThis region’’s farmers were the first s farmers were the first to to domesticatedomesticate plants and animals plants and animals..

DomesticateDomesticate: Make plants and : Make plants and animals useful to people.animals useful to people.

Page 44: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

Early CivilizationsEarly Civilizations

The Egyptian civilization developed The Egyptian civilization developed around the around the NileNile River. River.

Page 45: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas

Early CivilizationsEarly Civilizations

3. Egyptian Achievements3. Egyptian Achievements

a. 365-day calendara. 365-day calendar

b. Pyramidsb. Pyramids

c. c. HieroglyphicsHieroglyphics: Picture writing system.: Picture writing system.

Page 46: Middle East. Landforms A. Mountains Landforms B. Peninsulas