Mindset #46Mindset #46• Who was Martin Luther? What were Who was Martin Luther? What were

his criticisms? his criticisms? • Who were the Protestants?Who were the Protestants?• What caused the Reformation?What caused the Reformation?• THINKER: As you know, people felt THINKER: As you know, people felt

the pope was corrupt. How do YOU the pope was corrupt. How do YOU think this could be changed? What think this could be changed? What rules or laws could be made to stop rules or laws could be made to stop this from happening?this from happening?

Martin LutherMartin Luther• Since Martin Luther was the most Since Martin Luther was the most

famous reformist we are going to famous reformist we are going to read about his changes and conflicts read about his changes and conflicts within the Catholic church.within the Catholic church.

• We will start reading the article We will start reading the article together.together.

• As we read, you must fill out this As we read, you must fill out this graphic organizer.graphic organizer.

• I will check them for points once you I will check them for points once you are finished.are finished.

HENRY VIIIHENRY VIII• Henry VIII is the most controversial Henry VIII is the most controversial

king in all of history.king in all of history.• He is solely responsible for England’s He is solely responsible for England’s

separation from the Catholic Church. separation from the Catholic Church. • This break from the church was not This break from the church was not

brought on by the corruption of the brought on by the corruption of the pope or society………it was brought on pope or society………it was brought on by lust.by lust.

• King Henry VIII had six wives and this King Henry VIII had six wives and this is their story and how it relates to a is their story and how it relates to a new church in England.new church in England.

HENRY VIIIHENRY VIII• Henry VII was king and had two sons – Henry VII was king and had two sons –

Henry and Arthur.Henry and Arthur.• Since Arthur was the eldest, he was heir Since Arthur was the eldest, he was heir

to the throne. to the throne. • Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, but Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, but

died four months after their wedding. died four months after their wedding. • Catherine said their marriage had never Catherine said their marriage had never

been consummated and was granted an been consummated and was granted an annulment from the Catholic church. annulment from the Catholic church.

• She then married the new King of She then married the new King of England – HENRY VIII. (Arthur’s brother) England – HENRY VIII. (Arthur’s brother)

Catherine of AragonCatherine of Aragon• Now, Catherine and Henry VIII were going Now, Catherine and Henry VIII were going

to try for their own heir to the throne – by to try for their own heir to the throne – by having a son.having a son.

• Catherine had 2 stillborns, 1 miscarriage, Catherine had 2 stillborns, 1 miscarriage, and 2 sons that died less than a year old.and 2 sons that died less than a year old.

• Finally, she had a child that lived!Finally, she had a child that lived!• Only problem was……….it was a girl – Mary.Only problem was……….it was a girl – Mary.• The couple continued to try, but Catherine The couple continued to try, but Catherine

was 40 and beyond child-bearing age. was 40 and beyond child-bearing age. • Henry became desperate and started an Henry became desperate and started an

affair with Mary Boleyn, but she too could affair with Mary Boleyn, but she too could not conceive a child. not conceive a child.

Anne Boleyn Anne Boleyn • After numerous mistresses, he fell in love After numerous mistresses, he fell in love

with Anne Boleyn. (Mary’s sister/Catherine’s with Anne Boleyn. (Mary’s sister/Catherine’s maid)maid)

• Henry VIII began to petition the pope for an Henry VIII began to petition the pope for an annulment to his marriage with Catherine.annulment to his marriage with Catherine.

• This argument went on for six years. It was This argument went on for six years. It was against their religion and Catherine wanted against their religion and Catherine wanted to secure her daughter Mary’s spot as the to secure her daughter Mary’s spot as the heir.heir.

• Things came to a head in 1533 when Anne Things came to a head in 1533 when Anne became pregnant. became pregnant.

• To avoid any questions about the child’s To avoid any questions about the child’s legitimacy, Henry had to act quick. legitimacy, Henry had to act quick.

The Break from the Catholic The Break from the Catholic ChurchChurch

• His solution was to the reject the power of His solution was to the reject the power of the Pope in England and have Thomas the Pope in England and have Thomas Cranmer, the archbishop of Canterbury, Cranmer, the archbishop of Canterbury, grant the annulment. grant the annulment.

• HENRY VIII then created The Church of HENRY VIII then created The Church of England – this FOREVER changed religion.England – this FOREVER changed religion.

• In his new church, he divorced Catherine, In his new church, he divorced Catherine, demoted her as queen and kicked her out demoted her as queen and kicked her out of England.of England.

• He married Anne Boleyn in January 1533 He married Anne Boleyn in January 1533 and she became the new Queen of England. and she became the new Queen of England.

Anne Boleyn Anne Boleyn • The couple became excited for their first The couple became excited for their first

child that would hopefully become the heir, child that would hopefully become the heir, but………but………

• It was a girl – ElizabethIt was a girl – Elizabeth• They kept trying, but Anne had two They kept trying, but Anne had two

miscarriages.miscarriages.• The pressure was on to have a son, The pressure was on to have a son,

especially since Henry VIII had shown especially since Henry VIII had shown interest in Jane Seymour. interest in Jane Seymour.

• The majority of England was unhappy with The majority of England was unhappy with Anne’s influence on leaving the church; so Anne’s influence on leaving the church; so they began to plot against her. they began to plot against her.

Anne Boleyn Anne Boleyn •In May 1536, Anne and her In May 1536, Anne and her

brother were arrested on charges brother were arrested on charges of incest, adultery and plotting of incest, adultery and plotting against the king. against the king.

•Even though the charges were Even though the charges were false, the king approved of their false, the king approved of their executions.executions.

•Before the execution, Henry Before the execution, Henry declared their marriage was declared their marriage was dissolved and “invalid”dissolved and “invalid”

•Anne was beheaded on May 19Anne was beheaded on May 19thth..

Jane SeymourJane Seymour• On the same day as Anne Boleyn’s execution, On the same day as Anne Boleyn’s execution,

Jane Seymour moved in with Henry.Jane Seymour moved in with Henry.• The two were married on May 30, 1536. The two were married on May 30, 1536.

– 21 days after Anne’s execution21 days after Anne’s execution

• Two years later, Jane became pregnant.Two years later, Jane became pregnant.• Henry hoped for a boy since he considered Henry hoped for a boy since he considered

Jane his “true wife.”Jane his “true wife.”• In October 1537 a son was born!In October 1537 a son was born!• Edward was now the official heir to the Edward was now the official heir to the

throne.throne.• Jane died two weeks later.Jane died two weeks later.

Anne of ClevesAnne of Cleves• Henry stayed single for over two years due to Henry stayed single for over two years due to

his true love for Jane.his true love for Jane.• The split from Rome left England isolated, so he The split from Rome left England isolated, so he

needed the possibility of a bride to secure an needed the possibility of a bride to secure an alliance. alliance.

• He made a deal with the Duke of Cleves He made a deal with the Duke of Cleves (France) to marry his sister, Anne.(France) to marry his sister, Anne.

• Immediately after their marriage, Henry Immediately after their marriage, Henry wanted out.wanted out.

• She was not literate and extremely unattractive.She was not literate and extremely unattractive.• She knew there would be trouble if she didn’t She knew there would be trouble if she didn’t

agree with the king. Therefore, she said her agree with the king. Therefore, she said her marriage had never been consummated and marriage had never been consummated and they were divorced.they were divorced.

Kathryn HowardKathryn Howard• Sixteen days after his divorce with Anne, Sixteen days after his divorce with Anne,

Henry took his fifth wife, Kathryn Henry took his fifth wife, Kathryn Howard, on July 28, 1540.Howard, on July 28, 1540.

• Henry was 49 and Kathryn was 19. Henry was 49 and Kathryn was 19. • Kathryn was Anne Boleyn’s cousin Kathryn was Anne Boleyn’s cousin

(Henry’s 2(Henry’s 2ndnd wife) wife)• Less than a year into Kathryn's marriage, Less than a year into Kathryn's marriage,

the rumors of infidelity began. the rumors of infidelity began. • Enough evidence that the queen had Enough evidence that the queen had

been an unfaithful wife. been an unfaithful wife. • She was executed on February 13, 1542.She was executed on February 13, 1542.

The last years….The last years….• Katherine Parr became Henry’s 6Katherine Parr became Henry’s 6thth wife in wife in

July 1543.July 1543.• She was very close with her three She was very close with her three

stepchildren, Mary, Elizabeth and Edward.stepchildren, Mary, Elizabeth and Edward.• Henry VIII died in January 1547. Henry VIII died in January 1547. • Edward VI, Henry’s only son (with Jane Edward VI, Henry’s only son (with Jane

Seymour) became the new king of Seymour) became the new king of England, at 10 years old.England, at 10 years old.

• Unfortunately, Edward became ill and Unfortunately, Edward became ill and died five years later.died five years later.

• Who would rule England now?Who would rule England now?

Queen Mary IQueen Mary I• After Edward’s death, Henry VIII’s first After Edward’s death, Henry VIII’s first

daughter (with Catherine of Aragon) ruled daughter (with Catherine of Aragon) ruled over England – Queen Mary I.over England – Queen Mary I.

• During her ruling, Mary did something During her ruling, Mary did something extremely controversial…..extremely controversial…..

• She restored England to Roman She restored England to Roman Catholicism!!! Catholicism!!!

• Many people disapproved of this, but Mary Many people disapproved of this, but Mary burned any people who spoke out.burned any people who spoke out.

• This is how she got the nickname “Bloody This is how she got the nickname “Bloody Mary.”Mary.”

• Mary I died in 1558 with no heir to the Mary I died in 1558 with no heir to the throne.throne.

• Who would rule next?Who would rule next?

Queen Elizabeth IQueen Elizabeth I• After Mary’s death, Henry’s last child (with After Mary’s death, Henry’s last child (with

Anne Boleyn) became the new queen – Anne Boleyn) became the new queen – Elizabeth I.Elizabeth I.

• For the past two years, Elizabeth had been For the past two years, Elizabeth had been imprisoned after Mary accused her of heresy. imprisoned after Mary accused her of heresy.

• The first thing she did as queen was restore The first thing she did as queen was restore the church back to Protestantism.the church back to Protestantism.

• This becomes The Church of England, as it is This becomes The Church of England, as it is today.today.

• Elizabeth I dies in 1603.Elizabeth I dies in 1603.• After five rulers, six wives, and the dramatic After five rulers, six wives, and the dramatic

change in religion…. All of Henry’s decedents change in religion…. All of Henry’s decedents had passed and England was ruled by James I, had passed and England was ruled by James I, from a completely different family.from a completely different family.

CLOSURECLOSURE

• On a sheet of paper, summarize the On a sheet of paper, summarize the life of HENRY VIII. life of HENRY VIII.

• SUMMARIZE!!! Don’t include too SUMMARIZE!!! Don’t include too many details.many details.

• 8-10 sentences. 8-10 sentences.