1

Minix

PCMinix

GNU

Red hat -

Mandrake -

Suse -

1 - GNU General public licence - Free Software Fondation

Fedora

Debian -

Knopix -

Ubuntu

““

/root

/boot“/”

/bin

/root

/dev

/homemydocument

/etc

/sbinconfig

3

/lib

/apt

/proc

/usr

/mnt

/varlog

multi user

alt+ctrl+f1…f6

alt+ctrl+f7

enterpassword

*

username@computer name:~>

~(/home/username)

$

rootroot

$#

4

NTFSFAT16 FAT32

EXT2EXT3JFSXFSSWAP

man

man lsls

info

info

info lsls

ls

ls

ls -l

d

l

–rw-x

5

ls -ahiddenhidden“ . “

ls|morels

enterdown

spacepage down

ls|less

page downpage up

updown

pwd

/home/username

mkdir

mkdir testtest

6

test2test3

–pmkdir -p test2\test3

cd

cd testtest

cd ../home/user1/test

cd../home/user1

cat

cat> test1test1

ctrl+d

cat>>test1(append)

ctrl+d

touch

rmdir

rm

rm -r

mv

mv

mv

cp

cp

history

bash

7

head

head

head -nnn

tail

tail

tail -nnn

find

-namefind

-userfind

grep

grep root /etc/passwd/etc/passwdroot

mount

mount

/devcdrom

cd

mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdromcdrom/mmt

mkdir /mnt/cdrommount

cd/mnt/cdrom

cut

cat

8

cat>az

ali akbari computer

reza razavi computer

ctrl+d

cut -c 2 az

cut –f 2 az

ln

test1

ln test1 test2test1test2

Ln -s test1 test3test1test3.

shortcut

sort

sort

test4

3-suse hardware

4-fedora network

1-redhat kernel

2-ubuntu general

sort -n test4test4sort

sort -k 2 test4test4sort

sort -r

who

9

whoami

shutdown

Shutdown -r 2

Shutdown -h now

root

ps

clear

du

test4

du test4test4

df

hostname

wc

Wc –l -w -c test4–l–w–c

free

chmod

11

chmod u+x filename

chmod u+r filename

chmod u+w filename

chmod g+x filename

chmod g+r filename

chmod g+w filename

chmod a+x filename

chmod a+r filename

chmod a+w filename