Mission Training Plan for Gemini 8 Flight Crew

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Copy No. 36I201 34 NASA PROGRAM GEMINI WORKING PAPER NO. 5043

MISSION TRAINING PLAN FORGEMINI VIII FLIGHT CREW

(NASA-TM-X-6 9 9 2 3 ) MISSIGN TRAINING PLAN N74-71224 1FOB GEMINI 8 FLIGHT CREW (NASA) 19 pUnclas

00/99 16631

DISTRIBUTION AND REFERENCINGThis paper is not suitable for general distribution or referencing. It may be referencedonly in other working correspondence and documents by participating organizations.


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NASA PROGRAM GEMINI WORKING PAPER NO. 5043

MISSION TRAINING PLAN FOR

GEMINI VIII FLIGHT CREW

Prepared by: Mission Training SectionSpacecraft Operations Branch

Authorized for Distribution:


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Contents

Section Page1.0 SUMMARY . . .. . ....... ... 1-12.0 INTRODUCTION ..... . ..... . . . . ... 2-13.0 PREPARATION AND TRAINING .......... . . . 3-1

3.1 Spacecraft Tests ,. . . . . . ... .. 3-13.2 Gemini Mission Simulator Training . . . . 3-23.5 Translation and Docking Training . o . . . . . 3-53.4 Launch Abort Training ...... .... . 3-63.5 Egress and Recovery Training . . . . . . . . . 3-63.6 Celestial Training . .. . . ...... . 3-73.7 Extravehicular Activities Training . . . . . 3-73.8 Gemini Crew Station Mockup . . ..... . 3-83.9 Briefings and Meetings . . . . . . . . .. 3-83.10 Other Training Activities . . . . . . .... 3-9

4.0 FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... 4-1


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1.0 SUMMARY

This plan defines the training to be accomplished by the primaryand backup crews in preparation for the sixth manned Gemini Mission(Gemini VIII). It is intended as a guide to the flight crews and sup-port personnel responsible for training, and it does not representabsolute training requirements. The training outlined in this documentis formal scheduled training, and it does not include such crew activitiesas study and physical fitness which are accomplished on an individualbasis, nor those activities that are more directly related to flightoperations support and engineering efforts.The Crew Commander assisted by the Flight Crew Training Coordinatoris responsible for the accomplishment of the overall training plan.Effective planning and coordination by all agencies involved will beessential to the successful completion of training objectives within

the relatively short period available for training. Equipment locationand availability will be such as to minimize crew and support personneltravel requirements.


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2.0 INTRODUCTION

This training plan outlines the specific mission training to beaccomplished by the flight crews for the manned Gemini VIII mission.Gemini VIII is the first spacecraft to fly with an auxillary tapememory (ATM) to operate in conjunction with the onboard computer andis the first mission to attempt extravehicular activity (EVA) duringa rendezvous operation. This plan is published as a guide to the flightcrew and the personnel responsible for training the flight crews.The criteria used in developing this training plan are as follows:1. Although crew members are normally scheduled by teams and intheir designated seat positions, cross-seat and cross-team training

will be done so that each crew member can satisfactorily perform themore critical tasks. This will permit some late-date flexibility inreassignment of the crew members and alleviate training schedule problems.

2. The backup crew must be as prepared for flight as the primarycrew. This will permit, if the need arises, replacement as a team orby individual seat position with minimal delay to the launch schedule.

3. Only one crew member will be required to participate in theless critical activities, such as some of the spacecraft tests andcertain systems and operations meetings. The crew member who attendswill brief the others on the significant results.


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8. The Crew Commander assisted by the Flight Crew TrainingCoordinator is responsible for accomplishment of the crew trainingactivities. The training plan will be reviewed periodically by crewmembers and training personnel for progress and status of training.


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Test Crew LocationAltitude Chamber Test and HorizontalSEDR 4 St. LouisPlan X 4 CapePremate Verification 2 CapePremate Simulated Flight Test 4 CapeMate 4 CapeEnvironmental, Electrical and JointGuidance and Control Test 4 CapeJoint Combined Systems Test 4 CapeFinal Spacecraft Systems Test 4 CapeFinal Simulated Flight Test 4 CapeSimultaneous Launch Demonstration 4 CapeFinal Launch Preparation 2 Cape

3.2 Gemini Mission Simulator Training


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The Gemini Mission Simulator along with the Gemini Part Task Trainerwill be used for out-the-window vehicle positioning and control, simulat-ing both the day and night side orbit lighting situations. The tasks tobe performed using the external displays are: (1) orientation of thevehicle to various positions from random initial attitudes, (2) practiceestimating vehicle rates using celestial and terrestrial information, and(3) practice applicable flight plan maneuvers and tests, including therendezvous maneuvers. This document contains only an outline of the mis-sion simulator program. A detailed description of each session will bedistributed on a limited basis to crew members and personnel directly in-volved in Gemini Mission Simulator training.

Each simulator training session will include a briefing and a de-briefing. Sessions may be modified as required by such factors as statusof simulation programs, equipment, and the assessed value of individualsessions.

3.2.1 Phase I - Familiarization.- The purpose of this phase is tofamiliarize the crews with the simulator configuration, the normal opera-tional characteristics of the spacecraft systems, and the preliminaryflight plan. The pilot crew members of Gemini VIII will receive addi-tional familiarization sessions as required to become thoroughly pro-ficient in spacecraft systems knowledge and operation. It is anticipatedthat each pilot will require approximately five additional familiariza-tion sessions.

Session 1 - Simulator familiarization and general spacecraft systemsoperation.


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Session 4 - Environmental control system (suited)Session 5 - Random system failures3.2.3 Phase III - Mission training.- This phase consists of 14training sessions and its purpose is to refine each crew member's capa-bility to perform specific mission duties. The rendezvous mission ses-sions in this phase will consist of a launch, rendezvous, retrofires,

and a reentry. Random failures will be inserted that normally will notrequire early termination of the mission. The normal mission sessionswill consist of major flight plan activities, including rendezvous,practiced on a real-time basis with random failures. The sessions com-prising this phase are:Session 1 - Launch abortsSession 2 - RendezvousSession 3 - RendezvousSession 4 - Rendezvous missionSession 5 - Normal missionSession 6 - launch aborts (suited)Session 7 - Retrofires and reentries (suited)


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occupy their positions in the mission simulator and will be in voicecontact with either a real or simulated flight control network. Commandand telemetry data links will also be active between the simulator andthe fl ight control network. The types of exercises planned are launch,reentry, network, and simulated network simulations. The latter twoare programed to cover countdown through rendezvous to simulate theworldwide network and flight controllers activities. During the networksimulations or the simulated network simulations, the crews will havethe option of remaining in the trainer and practicing flight plan activ-ities with the network personnel.

The mission simulations currently planned together with mission con-trol are as follows:Session 1 - Simulated network simulationSession 2 - Launch simulationSession 3 - Reentry simulationSession 4 - Simulated network simulationSession 5 - Simulated network simulationSession 6 - Simulated network simulationSession 7 - Reentry simulation


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the spacecraft in close proximity of the target vehicle and successfullyaccomplishing the docking task. Various failures will be inserted duringthe runs. A detailed description of each session will be distributed tothose personnel and crew members who are directly involved in trainingon the Translation and Docking Simulator.

3.4 Launch Abort TrainingIn addition to similar training on the mission simulator, the crew

will receive launch abort training on the Dynamic Crew Procedures Simula-tor. This training program consists of eight different groups of runs,as listed below, to be accomplished in six sessions of approximately25 runs per session. Where possible, they have been patterned afteractual Titan launches.

Group I - Normal launch with minor deviations due to winds, tran-sients, high or low booster thrust, et cetera.

Group II - Engine/propulsion failures.Group III - Staging/sequential failures.Group IV - Tank pressurization failures.Group V - Controls/hydraulics failures.Group VI - Instrument failures.


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Emergency pad egress training using the elevator and the slide wirewill be conducted at Cape Kennedy approximately 20 days before flight.The training consists of briefing on the procedures to be followed inusing either the elevator mode or the slide wire mode plus a series ofpractice egress runs. At this time the crews will also receive a brief-ing and demonstration on the configuration and operation of the ejectionsystem.

3.6 Celestial TrainingThe crew members will further increase their capability to orientand control the spacecraft by the use of celestial information, as wellas make various astronomical observations, through the use of the MoreheadPlanetarium, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and the Gemini Mission Simulatorand Gemini Part Task Trainer incorporating the out-the-window opticaldisplay.3.6.1 Planetarium reviews.- The flight crews will utilize theMorehead Planetarium for general celestial reviews and orientation. Thecrew will complete two sessions during each of three or four visits. Theactivities included in these reviews are as follows:Session 1 - Review of entire celestial sphere which includes recogni-tion of relative magnitudes, positions, distances and celestial coordi-

nates of prominent stars and constellations.Session 2 - This session is the same as Session 1 with more emphasis


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3.7.3 Gemini Crew Station and Adapter Mockup.- Prior to training inthe altitude chamber and the zero "g" aircraft each pilot and commandpilot will utilize the Gemini Crew Station and Adapter Mockups in pres-surized suits to become thoroughly familiar with the physical handlingand operation of the Extravehicular Life Support System (ELSS), Extra-vehicular Support Package (ESP) and associated connections.

3.7.4 Boilerplate No. 2 in Altitude Chamber.- Each crew will uti-lize the MSC altitude chamber to become familiar with depressurizationand repressurization procedures, ELSS handling and operation, and egressand ingress procedures.

3.7.5 Zero "g" Flights.- During approximately eight flights in theKC-135 aircraft with the zero "g" spacecraft and adapter mockup, eachcrew will practice donning, doffing, and operating the ELSS, opening andclosing the hatch, egress and ingress, and removal and operation of theHHMU and ESP. In addition, the crew will practice procedures and opera-tion of micrometeorite collection (S-10) and power tool evaluation (D-16)experiments.

3.7.6 Spacecraft Systems Tests.- The crews will participate inEnvironmental Control System (ECS) and ELSS checkouts at McDonnell Air-craft Corporation.

3.8 Gemini Crew Station MockupThe Gemini crew station mockup which duplicates the Gemini space-


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3.9.2 Systems Briefings.- The flight crews will receive a seriesof briefings covering each major spacecraft system at the beginning ofcrew participation in spacecraft testing, and later at Cape Kennedyapproximately 6 weeks before flight. A final systems review will beheld approximately 10 days prior to flight at Cape Kennedy. In allcases the briefings will be given by the engineers involved in space-craft testing. Each system will be discussed in detail with emphasison operational techniques and functional interrelationships.

3.9.3 Flight Experiments.- The experiments for this mission willbe reviewed in general with the flight crews at the beginning of specificmission training, approximately 4 months prior to flight. These brief-ings will be given by the experimenters, experiment monitors and FlightExperiments Section personnel, emphasizing the experimental objectivesand associated crew procedures. Experiments will be reviewed again atapproximately 7 weeks and 2 weeks prior to flight to cover latest statusand modifications to equipment and procedures. The Crew Station Mockupwill be used early in the training period to develop proficiency in themanipulation and stowage of experimental equipment. The Gemini MissionSimulator will be used for operational crew training on experiments dur-ing the specific mission training period.

3.10 Other Training Activities

3.10.1 McDonnell Aircraft Corporation (MAC) Rendezvous EngineeringSimulator.- The McDonnell rendezvous engineering simulations at St. Louiswill be used by


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4.0 FIGURES


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Time (hours)0 25 50 75 100 125 150

SpacecraftTesting

75 Mission Simulator

50 Systems Briefing

20 MAC Rendezvous Simulator

30 Operation Reviews

30 Experiment Briefings

114 Zero "g" Aircraft Training

24 Planetarium

16 Translation and Docking Simulator


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WEEKS BEFORE GEMINI VIII FLIGHT DATE

27 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18117 16 15 14 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

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'PLANETAR IHIi III III l l,,,,,,SYSTEMS BRIMENTS BRIEFINGSIHIIl i llllIlllII i llIIITRAVSLATION AND DOCKING TRAINING

III FLIGHT PLAN REVIEWSlll ing l ll lmlll llll

ZERO "G" FLIGHTTRSLTIODDOCKIGRESS TRAININGIGHTENA SYSTEMS RIEFING1111 1I II IIllillllll lllI l I IIIIIYNAGEMINICCREWPROCEMISIODUESSIMIMLATOTOR

SFRENDEZVOUS SIULATIONiii i i I,,I Il lil i

III II I llll1IIII II, ' l Ili,1 iSGGEININIMISSIONVIII SIMUSIMULATORNS

SSENMEZVOUS SIMUlATION E

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SIMULATED FLIGHT TESTS I I II ALTITUDE CHAMBER U III '

REMATE SYSTEMS TESTI I I iI I ;III IIII TE:ST.ENVIRONMENTAL AND JOINT GUIDANCE AND CONTROL TESTJOINT COMBINED SYSTEMS TEST

/i I II I ii I l.. '' . /lIIFINAL SYSTEMS TEST.:SIMULATED FLIGHT,lI Il 1 . IAT i.ISIMULTANEOUS LAUNCH DEM.

Figure 4-2.- Crew training schedule.

Documents

Mission Training Plan for Gemini 8 Flight Crew