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Sustainable Institutions Saving Money and Resources & Increasing Sustainability
Mixing Sustainability and Entrepreneurialism: Ten Easy First Steps
Paul Sheldon, Natural Capitalism Solutions
Tracy Farmer Institute, Lexington, KY, 9/23/2010
Image from: http://www.greenrightnow.com/wp-content/uploads/prisongarden4.jpg
The science does not matter
Let’s assume that the climate skeptics are right: Don’t go to the casino on those odds
If all that you care about is maximizing profit, you will do exactly what you would do if you were scared to death about climate
Muskogee My name is Ida Tompkins. I live in Fort Gibson Oklahoma with my wonderful husband, Albert. We bought our 1960’s home here in 2005. Shortly after we moved in my Dad- John Nicholson, of Warner, OK- suggested we try florescent bulbs in all of our fixtures. We responded they cost too much we already have incandescent (we called them regular) bulbs and on and on with the excuses. He said, ” I just changed mine out and I think bill my went down”. I said, “ Dad you are on averaged billing – how can you tell”? He said, “It’s still itemized”. And his sister Clista Anderson, also of Warner was saying the same things about these bulbs. These guys are retired. They live on fixed incomes. They are GOING to save money if they can. Well Dad comes by to see me a couple weeks later and ‘happens’ to have about 6 of these bulbs on him. He said just try them in your high use areas…my bill went down considerably. I was thinking it was a fluke, but I took a chance and replaced the rest of the bulbs in the house and my next full billing cycle with those new bulbs brought my bill down a whopping $53.00. Moreover; the savings have been consistent! I don’t know why I haven’t thought of them for the Jail. I’m a little ashamed about that. Our lobby and offices are fitted with florescent bulbs, but I am not so certain about the cell blocks I will know by the end of today! Thanks Paul!
American Correc4onal Associa4on Standard
(adopted July 2010)
Standard
• The program shall demonstrate that it has examined, and implemented, where appropriate, strategies that promote
• recycling, • energy and water conservation, • pollution reduction and • utilization of renewable energy alternatives.
ACA Standard
General Comments
Correctional facilities and programs have responsibility to implement strategies that allow correctional facilities to be managed in ways that are more cost-effective and deliver superior performance, while improving environmental responsibility and sustainability.
ACA Standard General Comments (cont.)
This includes • recycling (including paper, metal, and plastic products),
energy conservation (including building insulation, heating and ventilation, temperature controls, vehicle fuel efficiency, water economies, physical plant engineering, and energy measures),
• pollution reduction (including composting, sewer treatment, litter abatement, and carbon emissions), and
• utilization of renewable energy alternatives (including biofuels, solar collection, turbine energy production, and methane collection).
Discussion Topics: 1. Lighting 2. HVAC 3. Plug In Appliances 4. Motors & Pumps 5. Materials, Purchasing,
Procurement, Food & Waste Disposal: Zero Waste?
6. Water 7. Independent & Secure Energy 8. Reducing Toxics 9. Transportation 10. Human Capital
• Limited funds • Do maintenance items first • Do simple things with inmate labor • Priori4ze items that won’t cost a lot of money • Third party financing not using ins4tu4on’s money • Capital and/or state backed debt and/or escrow • Leverage welfare fund/inmate funds • Set policy so procurement is based on life cycle costs.
Funding Considerations
1. Lighting
2. HVAC
Sustainable Corrections Topics:
• Indoor Lighting replacement • Outdoor Lighting replacement • Replace T-12s with T-8s & electric ballasts or LEDs • Install movement/occupancy sensors
• Insulate walls, attics, floors • Plug leaks and seal ducts • Conduct periodic maintenance and “tune-ups” • Install Tankless, “demand” water heaters • Variable Air Valve (VAV) & Multi-Zone heating & cooling systems • Upgrade heating, ventilation, air conditioning equipment • Replace un-insulated windows • Conduct life-cycle assessments of feasibility of CHP • Reduce heat islands from parking lots
Topics (continued)
4. Motors & Pumps
3. Plug In Appliances • Replace older, inefficient refrigerators & freezers • Investigate incentive programs for replacing inefficient TVs
• Investigate life-cycle benefits of replacing industrial pumps, drives, and motors in maintenance and industrial applications.
• Proper maintenance of all motors and pumps.
5. Materials, Purchasing, Procurement & Waste Disposal: Zero Waste?
• Upgrade/improve recycling programs • Investigate composting of food wastes/uses of compostable materials • Local, organic farms and organic gardens • Recycling, repair, and remanufacturing of items such as: bicycles, wood, cardboard, ferrous metals, nonferrous metals, tires, batteries, etc. Opportunities for methane recovery and cogeneration from landfills and solid waste
6. Water
Topics (continued)
7. Independent & Sustainable Energy
• Install Efficient-flow water appliances • Install waterless urinals • Capturing rainwater in barrels and cisterns • Rain gardens and soft curbs • Green roofs (first address security concerns) • Redesign water runoff from parking lots
• PPA for solar PV and/or wind, where appropriate • Solar hot water • Passive solar cooling systems • Geothermal, where appropriate • Efficient, well-insulated buildings • Non-Food biomass
10. Human Capital
9. Transportation
8. Reducing Toxics
Topics (continued)
• less-toxic products for cleaning, finishes, materials
• Efficient vehicles for transport • Employee transit • Keep tires inflated • Consider installing low-rolling-resistance tires
• Increased health for staff and inmates from reduced toxics • Reduced medical care costs from cleaner and greener practices • Increased job satisfaction & reduced absenteeism • Employing inmates in money-saving activities teaches useful job skills, which has been shown to reduce recidivism
1. Lighting Example
Kenall Mighty Mac Correctional Products
Lighting for:
Cells
Corridors
Dayrooms
Cafeteria
Washrooms Recreation
Sally Ports
Exteriors hTp://kenallmanufacturing.com/facilityTypes/?cid=503
2. HVAC Example Energy, Engineering & Design Inc.
Norfolk Correctional Complex
Complex wide Energy Management and Control System
Replacement of two 1,500 horsepower steam plants.
Installation of two 600 kW cogeneration units
Steam Trap Upgrades Window replacements
2. HVAC Example “Air Pear” from www.Airius.us
Boulder County Jail, Boulder, CO
Air Flow Management and Control System
Circulates air to eliminate “stratification”
Saves ~ 40% on heating and cooling!
3. Plug In Appliance Examples Opportunities to: Replace older, inefficient refrigerators & freezers
Investigate incentive programs for replacing inefficient TVs
Turn off computers when not in use
4. Motor/Pump Example Energy, Engineering & Design Inc.
Norfolk Correctional Complex
Installation of premium efficiency motors Installation of Variable Speed Drives
Aberdeen, Washington: Stafford Creek Corrections Center
Native plants tended by inmates in prison greenhouses to assist in a prairie-restoration project
http://www.bellinghamherald.com/680/story/956775.html
Seven tons of fresh, organic vegetables are harvested annually by prisons in available garden plots
Of 1,200 tons of trash and waste generated, almost 59% is recycled
More than $100,000 of the prison budget is saved through the recycling program alone Bicycle repair program
donates bicycles to local children in low-income families as a chance to “give back to the community”
Littlerock, Washington: Cedar Creek Corrections Center
prisoners grew 8,000 pounds of organic vegetables last year1
1 http://www.greenrightnow.com/denver-boulder/2009/05/08/gardens-within-prison-walls-how-to-escape-bad-prison-food/
2 http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2008-11-01-3438466893_x.htm
they raise bees1
Prisoners compost 100 percent of their food waste through use of worm bins
"It reduces cost, reduces our damaging impact on the environment, engages inmates
as students”2
Yacolt, Washington: Larch Corrections Center
40 tons of food waste composted in 2006
70% reduction in garbage bill
Totally contained in-vessel compost system
Walla Walla, Washington: Washington State Penitentiary LEED Certified
Uses regional
composting facility
In-vessel CV Engineered Compost System -uses community yard waste
800 tons of food waste composted in 2006
Forks, Washington: Olympic Corrections Center
Covered aerated pile compost system
300 tons of food waste and biosolids are composted annually
Washington State:
• Since the baseline year 2004, the total amount of waste generated by WDOC facilities has decreased 8.6%
• The amount disposed of has decreased 23%
• At an average cost of $150 per ton to send solid waste to a landfill, diverting waste to recycling or composting represents significant cost savings or cost avoidance.
• Yearly savings have ranged from $212,100 to $326,250 since waste reduction programs were initiated in 2004.
http://www.doc.wa.gov/goals/sustainability/docs/2009SustainabilityReport.pdf
Chino, California: California Institute for Women
7,200 square foot organic garden
http://www.greenrightnow.com/denver-boulder/2009/05/08/gardens-within-prison-walls-how-to-escape-bad-prison-food/
“rewarding to watch something grow”
Funding from the Strauss Foundation & Mountain Dew Reenergize your Community campaign
Developing a compost system & low-water drip irrigation system
Health & environmental benefits
New York City: Rikers Island Jail System
Successful horticultural vocation programs1
1 http://www.greenrightnow.com/denver-boulder/2009/05/08/gardens-within-prison-walls-how-to-escape-bad-prison-food/ Images from: http://www.correctionhistory.org/html/chronicl/rikersfarm/doingtimeingarden.html
agriculture soil preparation landscaping Harvesting techniques
North Carolina: Department of Corrections (DOC)
1 http://www.greenrightnow.com/denver-boulder/2009/05/08/gardens-within-prison-walls-how-to-escape-bad-prison-food/
2 http://www.p2pays.org/ref/07/06568/agencies/Correction/Correction_home.htm
Central Prison & N.C. Correctional Institution for Women:
Sampson Correctional Institution: Vermicomposting
Caledonia Correctional Institution: Composting
Construction compounds suitable for fill material for subsequent project phases stored on site
42
Mississippi Prisons Agricultural Enterprises: Mississippi state penitentiary and South Mississippi Correctional Institution A massive food production system generated cash revenues of $3,025,655 while expenditures were $3,124,507 - Almost Net zero expenses in food service, while employing 374 inmates for 774,000 work hours.
23 different varieties of vegetables, corn, soybeans, wheat, rice, 7,300 hogs, 36,000 chickens and fruit, are grown for inmate consumption, livestock feed, and outside sale
Information and imageS: http://www.mdoc.state.ms.us/agricultural_enterprises.htm
6. Water Examples
Drainage swale planted with a native wetland garden
Evergreen Corrections, British Columbia
The Women’s Garden Project
Rain barrels for irrigation
47
Green Roofs
Onondaga County Correctional Facility, Jamesville, NY
7500 square foot green roof was installed in September, 2009 in order to mitigate stormwater issues.
Experimental project will be monitored in order to apply green roofs to other county buildings
Information and images: http://www.greenroofs.com/projects/pview.php?id=1037rtablefarms.com/faq.htm
48
Aquaponics systems
A 90’ x 120’ (10,800 square foot) aquaponics system produces 60-70,000 pounds of vegetables and 23,000 pounds of fish annually. This would create 5,000 heads of lettuce per month, or 400 side salads per day.
Information and image: http://www.portablefarms.com/faq.htm
Aquaponics combines aquaculture with hydroponics to create an isolated system where fish grow in a tank and fertilize the water that feeds a tray of crops. The system has a return on investment of 3-5 years.
Indianapolis, Indiana: Indiana Department of Corrections
Installed water boilers that run on waste wood chips to help minimize costs and environmental impact1
1 http://www.greenrightnow.com/denver-boulder/2009/05/08/gardens-within-prison-walls-how-to-escape-bad-prison-food/
2 http://green.indy.com/posts/is-biomass-the-fuel-of-the-future
3 http://www.bionomicfuel.com/biomass-boilers-used-in-indiana-prisons/
Biomass: the latest green energy method to sweep into Indiana2
Biomass use planned for four state prisons2
Pendleton Correctional Facility: first biomass boiler in Indiana
“Go green AND save money”
Blythe, California: Ironwood State Prison
Uses solar panels to collect energy1
1 http://www.greenrightnow.com/denver-boulder/2009/05/08/gardens-within-prison-walls-how-to-escape-bad-prison-food/ 2 http://www.azocleantech.com/Details.asp?newsID=2392 Image from: http://www.flickr.com/photos/califdgs/3290802973/in/set-72157614084390656/
May 2008: activation of a 1.18 MW photovoltaic solar power system
Will deliver 2.4 million kilowatt hours (kWh) of clean renewable energy in the first year of operation2
Blythe, California: Chuckawalla Valley State Prison
6,816 solar photovoltaic panels
1.9 million kilowatt hours of energy per year
Installed by SunEdison
Capacity to generate 1 MW of peak power
8. Reducing Toxics* Examples
Use of less-toxic cleaner
Throughout Kentucky, Maryland, VA DOC:
*Most federal and state institutions have controlled toxics, caustics, and flammable materials. Remaining issues include language, pictures and education.
Use of less-toxic cleaners
Throughout North Carolina DOC:
and vegetable-based inks
*Most federal and state institutions have controlled toxics, caustics, and flammable materials. Remaining issues include language, pictures and education.
9. Transportation Example Focus on Energy efficiency
Urban Transportation Options Employee transit Incentive programs for workers
Efficient vehicles for transport Keep tires inflated Consider installing low-rolling-resistance tires
Use video conferencing for some court appearances.
Illinois Correc,onal Industries Fueling a Path to Sustainability
While remnants of the old service sta4on have been reincarnated as a depot to accommodate our drop off trailers you won’t find any
gas pumps out front.
That’s because ICI recycles Waste Vegetable Oil (WVO) and uses it as a feedstock to produce Biodiesel which is used to fuel the vehicles
and equipment used in the Recycling Program
Offenders working for ICI programs at Menard gain
valuable voca,onal skills which will give them the opportunity to find employment in the fast
emerging “Green Collar” segment of our Economy.
10. Human Capital Example
“...hard work pays off in beauty and accomplishment. Transforming nothing into something is quite rewarding"
Recreational Spaces: sanctuary garden, labyrinth, space for recreation, play area for visiting children, spirit grounds
Garden Spaces: vegetable plots, greenhouses, recycling area/compost, herb/tea garden
Evergreen Corrections, British Columbia
Cook County Jail: Sheriff's Garden Chicago, IL Inspired by garden
program at the San Francisco County jail
The 10,000 square foot garden
Produces 2000 to 3000 pounds of vegetables
Attend Master Gardener training
Experience to gain future employment
San Francisco County Jail
Job preparation, increased social
contribution
This program was inspired by the Evergreen Women’s Garden Project
promotes good mental and
physical health
Horticulture Project
El Dorado Correctional Facility, Kansas
Comprehensive Institutional Solutions:
ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES • Lighting • High efficiency lighting • Building Controls • Energy management system • Variable speed control • Kitchen exhaust hood control • Heating and Cooling • Steam system optimization • Rooftop units
WATER CONSERVATION MEASURES • Low-flow water fixtures • Water softening
OTHER UPGRADES • Install laundry ozone system
El Dorado Correctional Facility, Kansas
Comprehensive Institutional Solutions:
Capital Costs • $2,123,556
Annual Savings • Energy: $247,517 • Non-Energy: $12,757 • Utility Cost Reduction: 16%
Total Time to Positive Cash Flow 8.16 yrs Annual ROI over 10 years: 12.2%!
Environmental Benefits • 2,409 tons of harmful greenhouse gas
emissions reduced annually • Equivalent to: • Preserving 15.2 acres of forest from
deforestation* or • Conserving 5,802 barrels of oil• *
Boulder • Jail Garden provides vegetables for jail, food bank, and homeless
shelter. • Food wastes composted for the garden. • Energy Star rated roofing -- better insulation and white reflective. • 99.9 kW PV solar system + wind energy from utility = 50% renewable. • Lighting magnetic ballast and T-12 to electronic ballast and T-8s. • Grant and Bond funding received for a Biomass heating plant. • Chiller, to be replaced with two smaller, more efficient,
“environmentally friendly” units. • Stratification fans – “Air Pears” • Air handlers motors and pumps replaced with high efficiency motors
with variable frequency drives. • Computerized digital energy management system continuously
monitored by staff. • Ozone machine, so laundry can be cleaned with less hot water.
Madras, Oregon
Deer Ridge Correctional Institute
Goals:
Sustainable sites
Toward Zero Energy
Local & Sustainable materials
Sustainable water
IEQ & comfort
Collective wisdom & feedback
Social equity
http://wmig.aiaseattle.org/node/64
Principles of Sustainability:
1. Buy time and save money by radically increasing resource productivity
2. Redesign for sustainability: Biomimicry: closed loops, no waste, no toxicity
3. Manage for restoration of human and natural capital
Paul M. Sheldon, M.A. Natural Capitalism Solutions www.NatCapSolutions.org
[email protected] www.CleanAndGreenJobs.net
For more information on cost-effective
sustainability strategies and opportunities: