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Parenthetical CitationsParenthetical Citationsin disgustingly gross detail.in disgustingly gross detail.
CODE: CD6
Reminder:Reminder: We use parenthetical citations to give
credit to the people’s thoughts we use. We give credit for:
direct quotes paraphrasing summarizing
We use parenthetical citations to give
credit to the people’s thoughts we use. We give credit for:
direct quotes paraphrasing summarizing
The general, garden variety citation:
The general, garden variety citation:
We see Scout admit that she lies to her father when she says, “I said I could like it very much, which was a lie, but one must lie under certain circumstances” (Lee 128).
We see Scout admit that she lies to her father when she says, “I said I could like it very much, which was a lie, but one must lie under certain circumstances” (Lee 128).
Two things to note:Two things to note: We see Scout admit that she lies to her father when she
says, “I said I could like it very much, which was a lie, but one must lie under certain circumstances” (Lee 128).
We see Scout admit that she lies to her father when she says, “I said I could like it very much, which was a lie, but one must lie under certain circumstances” (Lee 128).
1. The author’s name and page number appear without a “p” or comma• we know the number
is a page• we don’t need a
comma, either
2. Punctuation appears outside the quotation• there are certain
circumstances that require punctuation inside the quotation…
“Certain circumstances:”“Certain circumstances:” When the quotation has pertinent
punctuation in it that change the meaning if omitted The older waiter in Hemingway's "A Clean,
Well-Lighted Place" asks himself, "What did he fear?" (79).
But notice, there is still a closing punctuation mark after the citation
When the quotation has pertinent punctuation in it that change the meaning if omitted The older waiter in Hemingway's "A Clean,
Well-Lighted Place" asks himself, "What did he fear?" (79).
But notice, there is still a closing punctuation mark after the citation
Speaking of Hemingway…Speaking of Hemingway…
You might have noticed that the citation didn’t have an author in it! The older waiter in Hemingway's "A Clean, Well-
Lighted Place" asks himself, "What did he fear?" (79). That’s because I already gave the
author credit! Do you see it?
You might have noticed that the citation didn’t have an author in it! The older waiter in Hemingway's "A Clean, Well-
Lighted Place" asks himself, "What did he fear?" (79). That’s because I already gave the
author credit! Do you see it?
Trickery:Trickery: Citing the author this
way (in the sentence itself) accomplishes two things:
1. it cites the author (duh)2. it varies your sentence
structure automatically for you!– this = good writing
Citing the author this way (in the sentence itself) accomplishes two things:
1. it cites the author (duh)2. it varies your sentence
structure automatically for you!– this = good writing
What about those pesky internet sources?
What about those pesky internet sources?
Cite the author, forget the page number no pages in cyberspace
No author? Should you really use the site? if no one takes credit for it, is it
a credible site? If you must, cite the website
Cite the author, forget the page number no pages in cyberspace
No author? Should you really use the site? if no one takes credit for it, is it
a credible site? If you must, cite the website
Internet Example (Preferable)Internet Example (Preferable)
If you MUST use one without an author, use the article title: There is no truth to the rumor that al-Qaeda
has poisoned the Coca-Cola supply in our country (“Coca-Cola No Al Queda”).
If you MUST use one without an author, use the article title: There is no truth to the rumor that al-Qaeda
has poisoned the Coca-Cola supply in our country (“Coca-Cola No Al Queda”).
Internet example (no title?):Internet example (no title?): There is no truth to the rumor that al-
Qaeda has poisoned the Coca-Cola supply in our country (snopes.com).
There is no truth to the rumor that al-Qaeda has poisoned the Coca-Cola supply in our country (snopes.com).
Note:• I did not give the complete URL, only a snippet
• the complete URL goes on your Works Cited page.
•Also note that the good folks at “snopes.com” DO take credit for their work•Their names are Barbara and David Mickelson and they do a nice job fact-checking…
But again,But again, Try to use as few
unaccredited web pages as humanly possible
Source validity is a huge concern when the source takes no credit for their work
Try to use as few unaccredited web pages as humanly possible
Source validity is a huge concern when the source takes no credit for their work
Multiple authors:Multiple authors: If more than one
author wrote your article, they need to be cited. This applies to
less than three authors
less than / including three, cite them all!
If more than one author wrote your article, they need to be cited. This applies to
less than three authors
less than / including three, cite them all!
Multiple authors example:Multiple authors example: There has been a drastic increase in
frivolous lawsuits in the United States in the last ten years (Dewey, Cheatum and Howe 45).
There has been a drastic increase in frivolous lawsuits in the United States in the last ten years (Dewey, Cheatum and Howe 45).
Note all authors credited with last name only.
More than three authors?More than three authors? Bust out the Latin stick!
“et al” is your pal! “et al” literally translates to
“and others” Cite the first author, then
slap an “et al” after it! only applies to references
with more than three authors!
Bust out the Latin stick! “et al” is your pal!
“et al” literally translates to “and others”
Cite the first author, then slap an “et al” after it! only applies to references
with more than three authors!
Finally, the interview sources:
Finally, the interview sources:
Cite the last name of the interviewee
Then that it was an interview
Cite the last name of the interviewee
Then that it was an interview
Interview example:Interview example: As junior students, we were told that this
paper is “dummy proof and it’s impossible to do wrong if you try” (Lesh interview).
As junior students, we were told that this paper is “dummy proof and it’s impossible to do wrong if you try” (Lesh interview).
Note the same rules apply:1. no comma2. punctuation outside of the
parentheses