Mobile Media and Everyday Life 2014

8/10/2019 Mobile Media and Everyday Life 2014

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Mobile Media and

Everyday Life


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Introduction

Martin Cooper, the inventor ofthe first mobile phone

often referred as the brick the first call on a handheld

mobile telephone in April 1973

but the invention did not takeoff commercially until the 1980s

mobile phone was reserved onlyfor the rich and/or the busybusinessman


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mobile phone revolutionary idea provides a means by which people can

communicate with one another regardlessof their geographical location

along with wireless internet, MP3 players,

mobile games consoles, digital cameras,GPS they represent a new and in someways radical feature of new media:portability

Introduction


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Mapping mobile media

much of the power of these mobile mediadepends on their diffusion: the more

diffuse they are the more their usabilityincreases

as different networks of users emerge,

the uses and advantages of these mobilemedia increases


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Mobile phone

in 1956, Sweden Telesoniera andEricsson created the first fully automatic

mobile phone system, allowing calls bemade and received in a car, while usingthe public network telephone system

+40 kilos!


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Development of mobile phone

typically discussed in terms of differencegeneration: 1G, 2G and 3G


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1G is the first generation ofmobile phones using analoguetechnology

-using radio wave -1977, AT&T received a license

from the FederalCommunications Committee

(FCC) to start building a cellularnetwork in the USA by 1981 Sweden already

counted 20,000 mobile phoneusers (Lacohee et al., 2003)



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-In the late 1980s digital system wereincreasingly popular there was a move tocombine mobile phones with digitaltechnology

-this led to the development of the secondgeneration of mobile phones

-2G contents, phone conversations are

digitally encrypted, provides more accuracy,more efficient in power usage, therebyallowing for a smaller batteries

SMS Digitalization led to lowering costs, and

mobile phone soon spread across thepopulation



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3rdgeneration 3G launched in the early 2000 the infrastructure relying on optical fibres

to ensure for more efficient and quickerdata transfer

3G allows for increased speeds and data

capacity, eventually allowing for moreservices such as digital photographs, MP3files, multimedia text messages.

offers innovative design with touch screen

as well as QWERTY keyboards



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4G -Meant to provide quick and easy wireless

access to the internet -as well as services like video streaming -Apple iphone 4G, Samsung Galaxy series



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Progress


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Mobile phone subscriber

-in Europe, subscription in 1999 werecovering about 35% of the population, a

rate which more than trebled by 2008 -the rates above the saturation level of

100% show the so-called double SIMeffects, whereby users own more thanone mobile phone number

-in turn this is attributed to the varioususe of the mobile phone for business and

personal-social purposes


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there is a considerable inequality in thediffusion

the average subscription rate for the wholeworld is placed at 60%

-Europe and CIS have rates of 118% and113% respectively, USA about 88.5%

-Its no surprise Africa have the lowest rates

only 32% -among African countries itself, thedifferences are huge South Africa has arate of 100% while Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea,Ethiopia only about 10%

-Uganda with a penetration of 23% has moremobile than landline phones



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at the end of 2007, the least of developedcountries had eight times as many mobile

phones as fixed lines at the same time, the number of fixed

lines in the world has remained frozen at1.2 billion since 2006 and even declinedslightly in 2008 (Smith, 2009)



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Stump, Gong and Li (2008), argue thatthe mobile phone digital divide often

reflects a countrys overall wealth,measured in terms of GDP anddevelopment levels.

-as the world is converging, we see the

growth rates of mobile phone subscriptionreach the level of saturation both fordeveloped as well as for developingcountries.


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Mobile music

-more than 30 years ago -1979, Sony Corporation released

the Sony Walkman, a portablecassette player with headphones

-Masaru Ibuka, one of Sonysfounders and a frequent traveler,grew tired of dragging around abulky cassette player

-He asked Sony executives to designan ultra portable player with

headphones -the device was named Walkman,

and proved a huge success: it soldmore than 50,000 in the first twomonths of its release.


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-as technology moved digital replacedthe analogue

-vinyl and cassette give way to compactdisc as storage device

-Sony introduced the Discman

Mobile music


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Mobile music

Pew Internet and American Life Project reports that by 2005, 22 million American

adults, or 11% of the adult populationowned an MP3 player (Rainie, 2005)


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-The next revolution Applelaunched the iPod in October 2001

-iPod had revolutionary design small size with friendly userinterface great storage capacity of5-10GB

-Even with hefty $400 andincompatibility with MicrosoftWindows iPod sold beyondexpectations, revolutionized the wayin which we listen to music.

Mobile music


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Wireless internet

early 20thcenturies, radio were calledwireless

-wireless internet is a way of using radiowaves instead of cables to send and receivedinternet data.

-such waves were used in broadcast media totransmit radio sounds or TV pictures.

-wireless signals are received by a devicecalled router

-the area covered by the router providesinternet access to any computer within this

range and is known as a hotspot


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-wireless networks as a whole arelowering the costs of internet connection

as they do not require expensive networkequipment and cables to be laid out

-lowering the cost of the internet acrossboth richer and poorer countries

Wireless internet


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-countries of the developing world, whichoften lack a telephone cable infrastructure,wireless internet can be the only way inwhich they can have access to the network

-wireless internet diffusion is proportionatelyhigher in the developing world due to severalfactors

-Subramaniam et al. (2006) list lower cost,ease of deployment and reliable substitutefor local communications infrastructures asthree main factors

-do not depend on a tower or otherexpensive device such as satellite.

Wireless internet


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Mobile media: politics and society

are mobile media more or less democraticthan other media?

-what might their contribution to politicsbe?


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Katz and Aakhus (2002) using a termapparatgeist or the spirit of the artefact:

for them, to understand mobile media wemust understand the kind of spirit or

essence the technological artefacts has



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Yochai Benkler (2006) open wirelessnetworks alongside other forms of the

new media have opened up newopportunities for the creation andexchange of information, and haveincreased the role of non-market and non-propriety production



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-Agar (2003) mobile phone is seen invarious ways: a way of rebuilding

economies in eastern Europe, aninstrument of unification in westernEurope, a fashion statement in Finland orJapan, a mundane means ofcommunication in the USA or an agent ofpolitical change in Philippines



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-The use of mobile phones for politicalorganizing and coordination is notorious

-the ousting of Joseph Estrada was largelydue to protests organized and coordinatedthrough SMS messages (Castell et al.,2007)

-Egypt uprising social media revolution



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-authorities may seek to control suchorganizing following riots in Greece

(2011-2012), the government made nameregistration for mobiles compulsory



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the anonymity of a mobile phone is nolonger possible in this context mobile

phone text messages have also been usedas a form of direct political marketing,targeting prospective voters with directSMS



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however, Hands (2010) sees underneath itall, one can see the maximization of profit

-sometimes, the advertisers successfullyutilize such movement for marketingpurpose



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Witness..

digital camera, often embedded in mobilephones have also fed into this articulation

of mobility and politics. -widely known political use of digital

cameras is that of witnessing

-people record events and post it online


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overall, while formal political remainshierarchical and closed as always, its

mediation, or the ways in which weacquire information and form opinionsabout politics, can be seen asdemocratized in the sense that it is no

longer exclusive monopoly of mainstreammedia, but is shared by citizens


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Individualism..

Mobile media contribute to the rise of apersonal communication society

(Campbell & Park, 2008) Castells et al. put it a strengthening of

the culture of individualism


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Cultural creativity

In cultural terms mobile media lead to arenewed cultural creativity storing

cultural out put such as music, videoblog,etc

play music instrument using phone
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=19KBAcJ53akhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=19KBAcJ53ak


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Detachment

mobile media allows us to completelydetach ourselves from locals and

communicate at will and across differentlocalities


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Notion of time

communication is no longer limited tocertain times, but as with other new

media it can take place on a 24/7 basis notion of timeless time time no longer

divided into personal, work-related,leisure and so on; we get in touchwhenever we want


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New rules

given rise to new set of ethics, rules andregulation

switch off phone when on a plane, switchoff phone during lecture, etc.

new set of excuses my battery is low,no signal


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Language

changes in language emergence ofshort-formed terms gtg, lol, etc


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Identity formation

identity formation customized mobileskins, applications, ringtones etc


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Conclusion

mobile media must be seen as firmlyembedded in our lives

they transformed the way in which weunderstand space, allowing us tocommunicate with others regardless ofwhere we are

does it offer us contentment/happiness?

Documents

Mobile Media and Everyday Life 2014