modern mnemonics
The problem with numbers is that they dont mean anything in
isolation. So the number 213964102 sounds horrendous but if you
break it down into chunks it is more palatable. Now thats alright
for short term memory, if you want to translate it to your long
term memory I break it down into pairs of numbers and I would make
up a story. So for example 21 are the first two digits. Its your
21st birthday, youve got the key to the door. Its a key to a tower.
A mysterious tower. As you go up the steps you notice there are 39
steps from the film The 39 Steps. You also, what comes into your
head is a tune, When Im 64, The Beatles. Thinking about that. When
you get to the top of the tower you see Tony Blair, number 10
Downing Street. Now a swan that has a number shape of 2 swoops down
and carries him off into the clouds forever and ever. Now youll
remember that story. Dominic OBrien, British Mnemonist and Memory
Champion (2006)
contents
Introduction What is a mnemonic The Major System Instructions
Letters Words Images Narratives
3 5 5 7 13 17 41 243
introduction
We are looking at the rapid collapse of mnemonic consolidation.
Virilio (1994)
Almost without noticing it, weve outsourced important peripheral
brain functions to the silicon around us. The human mind is being
robbed of its memories; the informational function of modern media
is such as to make us forget. This is highlighted by research done
two years ago by neuroscientist Peter Simons at University College
Dublin. He noticed an unexpected byproduct of the digital age is
that a third of under thirties (the principal consumers of digital
technology) did not know their own phone numbers. The energy needed
to obtain the required information from the hard drive or the
internet has diminished to almost nothing, meaning it is less
demanding than memorising the information for ourselves. For the
past three months I have been researching and contemporising
existing mnemonic devices in order to assist memory and recognition
for the digital generation.
3
what is a mnemonicA mnemonic device is a mind memory or learning
aid. Commonly, mnemonics are verbalsuch as a very short poem or a
special word used to help a person remember somethingbut may be
visual, kinesthetic or auditory. Mnemonics rely on associations
between easy-to-remember constructs which can be related back to
the data that is to be remembered. This is based on the principle
that the human mind more easily remembers spatial, personal,
surprising, sexual, humorous or otherwise meaningful information
than arbitrary sequences.
the major systemAlso called the phonetic mnemonic system or
phonetic number system is a technique used to aid memorisation of
series of numbers. The system works by converting numbers into
consonant sounds, then into words by adding vowels. The system
depends on the principle that emotive images can be remembered more
easily than numbers. However The Major System was first created
over 300 years ago and has often been criticised for being dry and
overcomplicated. In this book I have tried to simplify and
modernise the system in order to make it more accessible and
relevent to people today.
5
instructionsThe system works by converting number sequences into
words, words into images, and linking images through narratives.
These can be very complex and detailed.
numbers into letters The building blocks of the system are the
association of the numbers below with the following consonant
sounds: 0 s, z, soft-c 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Remember Z is the first
letter of zero. The other letters have a similar sound. d, t, th
Remember as letters with one downstroke n Remember as having two
downstrokes m Three downstrokes and looks like a 3 on its side r
Last letter of four, also 4 and R are almost mirror images of each
other L L is the Roman Numeral for 50 j, sh, soft-ch, dg, soft-g g
is 6 rotated 180 degrees. k, hard-ch, hard-c, hard-g, ng Imagine K
as two 7s rotated and glued together f, v Script f resembles a
figure-8. V sounds similar. p, b Remember as 9 rotated 180 degrees.
a, e, i, o, u, w, h, y These can be used anywhere without changing
a words number value
These associations although initially complicated need to be
learned thoroughly before going further with the technique.
7
letters into words The system operates on a number of levels,
depending on the amount of time you are prepared to devote to
learning the system. The first level involves coding single digit
numbers into letters and then into small words. The trick with
converting numbers into words is to use only the consonants that
code information within the word, while using vowels to pad the
consonants out with meaning. If you use other consonants to make up
a word, use only those that do not code for numbers - i.e. h, q, w,
x, and y. At the first level we code each number into a short noun.
This is made up of the consonant coding for the number, and vowels
that turn the consonant into a word. On a sheet of paper, write the
numbers 0 to 9, and apply these rules to create your own memory
words. Some examples are shown below: 0 - saw 1 - toe 2 - neigh 3 -
aim 4 - ray 5 - law 6 - jaw 7 - key 8 - fee 9 - pie
These can be used to make short sentences and rhymes or as part
of The Number Shape System where the numbeform matches the word for
example swan is two.
8
words into images Similar rules apply to creating a standard
word from two numbers. It is best not to try to use a single number
word as a root, as this can confuse the image. A few examples are
shown below: 09 - s, p - soap 17 - t, k - takeaway 23 - n, m - name
36 - m, sh - mash 41 - r,d - radio 52 - l, n - lawn 64 - t, r -
tiara 75 - q, l - quill 89 - f, b - fab 98 - b, f - beef You can
use these words in association to create simple memory images. More
examples of these words can be found in the latter sections of this
book.
9
Just using double number words may be enough to make this a
sufficiently powerful mnemonic for you. Alternatively you may
decide to use triple number words, using the same construction
rules as double number words. Examples are: 304 - m, s, r - miser
400 - r, c, s - races 651 - j, l, d - jellied 801 - f, z, d - fazed
At this level of complexity it may be worth writing them down to
make them easier to remember. You can then run through them many
times to strengthen the link in your mind between the numbers and
the associated words. This will help you to remember the
appropriate word faster.
images into narratives Once you have come up with words and
images to link to your numbers, you can start to apply the
technique to remember longer numbers such as telephone numbers,
passwords and access codes. A good way of doing this is to
associate Major System words with stops on a journey.
10
For example, the number Pi is 3.14159265359 (to 11 decimal
places). Using the major system as a journey, you can remember this
as: To sum (3) up I have had an estremely bad day. Someone has
dared (1,4,1) to borrow my lippy (5,9) without asking my
permission. I found it on my dressing table and there is at least
and inch (2,6) missing since the last time I used it. I am going to
break limb (5,3) of the last person that used it if I ever find out
who it is. Now I am going to have to buy another lippy (59) to
replace it.
The major memory system works by linking numbers to consonants
and then by linking these into words. By using the images these
words create, and linking them together with the journey system,
large amounts of information can be accurately memorized. Over the
next pages I have provided examples of how the system can be used
and have selected words and imagery for the numbers 0-99 to get you
started. If you find that these images do not attract you or stick
in your mind, then change them for something more meaningful to
you. In order to explore the area of narrative further I have
provided a series of cards to accompany this book.
11
modern mnemonics part one
letters
0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 2914
s/z/c s/z/c s/z/c s/z/c s/z/c s/z/c s/z/c s/z/c s/z/c s/z/c d/t
d/t d/t d/t d/t d/t d/t d/t d/t d/t n n n n n n n n n n
d/t n m r l j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g k/c/g/ch/q/qu f/v b/p s/z/c d/t n m
r l j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g k/c/g/ch/q/qu f/v b/p s/z/c d/t n m r l
j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g k/c/g/ch/q/qu f/v b/p
30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
m m m m m m m m m m r r r r r r r r r r l l l l l l l l l l
s/z/c d/t n m r l j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g k/c/g/ch/q/qu f/v b/p s/z/c
d/t n m r l j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g k/c/g/ch/q/qu f/v b/p s/z/c d/t n m r l
j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g k/c/g/ch/q/qu f/v b/p15
60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 8916
j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g
j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g
j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g k/c/g/ch/q/qu k/c/g/ch/q/qu
k/c/g/ch/q/qu k/c/g/ch/q/qu k/c/g/ch/q/qu k/c/g/ch/q/qu
k/c/g/ch/q/qu k/c/g/ch/q/qu k/c/g/ch/q/qu k/c/g/ch/q/qu f/v f/v f/v
f/v f/v f/v f/v f/v f/v f/v
s/z/c d/t n m r l j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g k/c/g/ch/q/qu f/v b/p s/z/c
d/t n m r l j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g k/c/g/ch/q/qu f/v b/p s/z/c d/t n m r l
j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g k/c/g/ch/q/qu f/v b/p
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99
b/p b/p b/p b/p b/p b/p b/p b/p b/p b/p
s/z/c d/t n m r l j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g k/c/g/ch/q/qu f/v b/p
17
modern mnemonics part two
words
0
ass assay awes ayes ease easy essay ewes eyes has haws hays haze
hazy heehaws hes hews highs highways his hiss hoes hose house hows
hussy huzzah ice icy is issue ohs ooze oozy owes oz saw say SE sea
seaway see sew sigh sighs so sow soy soya sue sway use was ways
wees weighs wheeze wheezy wheys whiz whizz whos whose who so whys
wise wiz woes woos woozy wows wuss wussy yahoo yazoo yeahs yeas yes
yews zoo aced acid aside assayed asset asst cede cedi cite city
eased east essayed eyesight hast haste hasty hayseed hazed heist
highest hissed hoist hosed host housed huzzaed iced issued oozed
oust sad said sat satay sate sati saut sawed seat seaweed seed
seedy seethe set sett settee sewed side sighed sight sit site sod
soda soot sooth soothe sooty sot sought south sowed stay stew stow
stowaway sty sued suede suet suit suite suttee swat swath swathe
swayed sweat sweaty swede sweet sweetie swot used waist waist-high
waste wayside west wheezed whist whizzed wised yeast yeasty zed
zeta zit ziti cine cyan eosin hessian ozone sane sauna sawn scene
scion seen seine sewn sienna sin sine sinew sinewy snow snowy son
sonny soon sown sun sunny swain swan swine swoon wizen zany zen
zine zinnia zone assume awesome same seam seamy seem semi soma some
somehow someway sum sumo swam swami swim swum zoom assayer assure
azure cirri easier essayer eyesore hawser hazer hazier hosier
hosiery hussar icier issuer oozier osier ossuary sari sawyer sear
seer sera sere sewer sierra sir sire soar soiree sore sorrow sorry
sour sure surrey swear swore user usury wheezier wiser woozier
0
0 0 020
0 0 0 08 0 0
aisle assail asshole azalea cell celli cilia easel easily hassle
hazel hazily icily isle sail sale sallow sally seal seawall sell
sill silly silo slaw slay sleigh slew sloe slow slue sly soil sol
sole soli solo soul sully swale swallow swell swill usual usually
wassail weasel wisely woozily zeal assuage ice-age sachet sage sash
sashay sedge sewage siege such sushi swash swatch swish switch
swoosh usage ask askew assoc hassock hoosegow husk husky ice hockey
psych psyche psycho sac sack sag saga saggy sago sake scow seek
segue sequoia sic sick skew ski sky sky-high soak soc sock sockeye
soggy souk squaw suck swag swig whisk whiskey whisky wise-guy
housewife ossify safe save savoy savvy sieve sofa suave asp espy
hasp houseboy hyssop sabot sap sappy seep sepia sip soap soapy sob
soba sop soppy soup soupy spa spay spew spy sub subway sup swab
swap sweep swipe swoop wasabi wasp wisp wispy zap zappy zebu zip
zippy adds adduce adieus adios ads adze aides AIDS audios autos
awaits dace dais daisy days daze dehisce deice deuce dews dhows
dice dicey dies diss dizzy does doozy dos dose doss douse dowse
doze dozy dues duos dyes eats educe eidos eighths eighties eights
etas ethos hates hats heads headways heaths heats heeds heights
heydays hiatus hideaways hideous hides hits hoodoos hoods hoots hot
house huts ideas ides idiocy ids iodize iotas its oaths oats odds
odes odious odyssey outhouse outs outweighs taus teas tease tees
thaws these thews thighs this those thus ties tis tissue tizz tizzy
toes toss towhees tows toys Tues twas tweeze twice twos wades wads
waits watts weds weeds weights wets whats whets whites whiteys
whits widows wights withes wits woods woodsy yachts yetis
youths21
added aided aoudad audit awaited dad dada daddy data date dead
deadeye death deed deity did dido died diet diode ditto ditty dodo
doodah dot dote doth dotty doughty dowdy dud dude due-to duet duty
dyad dyed edit eightieth etude eyeteeth eyetooth hated hated headed
heated heeded hided hideout high-tide hit-the-hay hooded hoodooed
hooted hothead ideate idiot iodide oddity ought-to outdo outed
outhit outwait outweighed outwit tad tat tattoo tatty taught taut
teat ted teddy teed teeth teethe that thawed theta theyd thought
thud tide tideway tidy tied tie-dye tight tithe toad toady today
toddy to-do toed toot tooth toothy tot tote tout towed towhead
toyed tut tutu tweed tweedy tweet twit wadded waded waited wedded
weeded weighted wetted whetted white-hat white-heat whited
whitehead white-hot whiteout whitewood wide-eyed widowed widow-hood
width withed with-it without witted wooded yachted add-on atone
attain attn attune dawn dean den deny din dine don done down downy
doyen doyenne duenna dun dune dunno eaten Eden eighteen ethane
head-on heathen heighten hidden hoedown hoyden iodine oaten Odeon
tawny teen teeny ten than thane then thin thine tine tinny tiny ton
tone tonne town townie tun tuna tune tunny twain tween twin twine
wheaten white wine whiten widen within wooden ATM atom daimio
daimyo dam dame deem demo dim dime dome doom dumb dummy edam edema
high time idem idiom item odium oedema tame team teem them theme
thumb thyme time tomb tome tum tummy adder adhere adore aider atria
attar attire auteur author dairy dare dear dearie deary deer dewier
diarrhoea diary dire doer door doorway dory doughier dour dower
dowry Dr draw drawee dray drew dry
22
durrie dyer eater eatery eider either ether hater hatter
haughtier hauteur header headier heater heather heathery hetero
hider hither hitter hooter hot-air hotter hot-wire hydra hydrae
hydro odder odour other otter outer outr outwear outwore tar tare
taro tarot tarry tear tear-away teary terry their theory there
theyre thorough three threw throe through throughway throw
throwaway thru thruway tier tire tiro tor tore Tory tour tower tray
tree trey trio trow troy true try tyre tyro udder uteri utter wader
waiter water waterway watery weather weeder weedier weightier
wether wetter whether whetter whiter whither wider widower wither
witter wittier woodier addle at all atoll audial ayatollah dahlia
daily dale dally deal delay dele deli dell dewily dial dill dilly
doily dole doll dolly dowel dual dually duel dull dully duly dwell
eidola et al haughtily headily hiatal hightail hotel hotly huddle
ideal ideally idle idly idol idyll itll oddly outlaw outlay tail
tale tall tallowc tallowy tally tally-ho teal tell telly theyll
tile till toil toile tole toll toll-way tool towel tulle utile
waddle wattle weightily wetly wheedle white-lie whitewall whitlow
whittle widely withal wittily yodel adage adagio atishoo attach
attach dash deejay dish dishy ditch DJ dodge dodgy doge dosh douche
duchy dutch outage teach thatch touch touch touchy towage tush
twitch twitchy wattage whitewash whitish ad hoc attack attic dag DC
decay deck decoy dick dickey dig dike doc dock dog doggie doggy
doohickey duck ducky dug duke dyke etc ethic haddock headache
headachy high-tech outgo outtake tack tacky taco tag taiga take
takeaway teak tech techie thick thicko thug thwack tic tick tike
tog toga togae toke took toque tuck tug tuque tweak twig twiggy
tyke wide-awake23
8
daffy deaf def defy deify div diva dive divvy doff dove duff
heat-wave out of taffy theyve thief thieve tiff toff toffee tofu
tough toughie tuff TV what-if adobe atop ATP dab daub deep dip
dippy dob dope dopey dopy doughboy dub dupe dweeb HTTP tab tabby
taboo tap tape taupe TB TBA teepee tepee thebe tibia tie-up tip top
tope toupee toy-boy tub tuba tubby tube type typo utopia
0
aeons anise annoys anus anyways anywise awns eons heinous Heinz
hence hennas hens highness hones honeys hons hyaenas hyenas
in-house inns ionize ionize ions knees knows NASA nausea nays Nazi
neighs news newsy nice niece nisi noes noise noisy noose nos nose
nosey nosy nous noways nowise nows nus once ones onus ounce owns
unease uneasy unis unsay unwise wains wanes wanness weans weenies
weens weensy wens whence whens whines whinnies wienies wince wines
winnows winos wins yawns yens yins aint and annoyed annuity anode
ant ante anti aunt auntie aunty awned end endow endue ennead hand
handy haunt hennaed high-end hind honed honeydew honeyed honied
hound hunt indie indue innate innit into knead kneed knight knit
knot knotty knout natty naught naughty neat need needy neighed net
newt night nightie nit nod noddy node not note nought nowt nude nut
nutty onto owned unit unite unity untie unto unwed wand waned want
weaned wend went whined whinnied wind window windy wined winnowed
wont wound yawned
24
anion anon anyone high noon inane known naan nan nanny neon nine
ninny no-one none no-no noon noun no-win nun onion union winwin
anaemia anime anomie anomy enema enemy name numb anywhere honour
honouree inhere inner inure knower narrow nary near new year newer
nor nowhere owner unaware unwary whiner whinier wiener winery
winner winnower yawner anal anally anneal annual annually annul
annuli anole inhale in-law inlay kneehole kneel knell knoll nail
newel newly nil noel null only unholy unwell wanly enjoy haunch
hinge honcho hunch inch knish nacho new-age newish niche Nietzsche
nosh no-show notch nudge unhitch wench whinge whingy winch ankh
awing eunuch eyeing eying gnocchi hang hank hankie hanky hawing
haying heehawing hewing hoeing honk hung hunk hunky inc ink inky
ionic knack knock nag neck nick no-go nook nookie nooky nuke NYC
oink oohing owing unhook unique unyoke wank weeing weighing wing
wink wonk wonky wooing wowing yang yank yawing young
25
8
enough envoi envoy envy info inveigh knave knife naff naf nave
nave navy navy nephew nevi nova novae unify unweave unwove honeybee
knob knobby nab nap nape nappy neap neb newbie nib nip nippy nob
nope nub nubby one-up own-up unhappy wannabe
0
ahimsa aims amass amaze amiss ammos amuse emcee ems emus hams
haymows hems homes homeys homos houmous houmus hummus hums humus
iambs mace maize mass massy maws maze mazy meows mesa mess messiah
messy mews mezzo miaows mice miso Miss moos moose mosey moss mossy
mouse mousey mousse mousy mows muse muss mussy muzzy ohms whammies
whams whims whimsy wombs yams aimed amid amide amity emit emote
hammed hemmed homed humid hummed mad made maid mat mate matey math
matt matte May Day mayday mead meadow meat meaty med media meet
meowed met mewed miaowed mid midday middy midi midway might mighty
mite mitt moat mod mode moiety mood moody mooed moot mote moth
motte motto mouth mouthy mowed mud muddy mute mutt myth omit
whammed amen amine ammonia he-man highwayman highwaymen hominy
human humane hymen hymn immune main man mane mania many mean meanie
meany men menu mien min mine mini minnow moan money mono moon moony
mown myna mynah omen woman women yeoman yeomen
26
imam maim mam mama mamma mammy mayhem meme memo mime mom momma
mommie mommy mum mummy muumuu amir amour emery emir hammer hammier
hemmer homer homier humeri hummer humour immure mare marrow marry
mayor mere merry mire miry mohair moire moor moray more morrow
mower Mr myrrh yammer yummier e-mail homely homily mail male mall
mallei mallow maul meal mealy melee mellow mewl mil mile milieu
mill moil mol mole moll mule mull homage image macho magi mash
match mesh midge mojo mooch mosh much mush mushy amigo amok amuck
hammock hummock hummocky imago mac macaw mack mag maguey make MC
mecca meek meg mega MG mic mocha mock moggie moggy mohawk muck
mucky mug muggy omega
8
humph Mafia mauve miff move movie muff my wife oomph ameba
amebae amoeba amoebae amp hemp homeboy hump iambi imbue imp map
maybe mob mop mope mopey MP myopia ump wimp wimpy
27
0
aeries airs airways arose arouse arrays arrows arse areas arias
arise auras ears eras erase errs Euros ewers hairs harass hares
harrows hears hearsay hearse heiress heirs heres heresy heroes hers
hewers high-rise hires hoarse hoers hoorays horse horsey horsy
hours hrs hurrahs hurrays hurries iris oars ores orzo ours race
raceway racy raise rays raze razz re-house reissue res reuse
reweighs rice rise roes rose rosy rouse rows rues ruse ryes
warehouse wares wars wearies wears weirs whereas wheres whirrs
whirs whorehouse whores wires wooers worries worse wrasse yarrows
years yours aerate aired airhead airtight arrayed arrowhead art
aorta arid aright arty ate award eared earth earthy erode errata
erred hairdo haired hard hardy hared harried harrowed hart hayride
heard heart hearth hearty heart herd here to here with highroad
hired hoard hoorayed horde horrid hurrahed hurrayed hurried hurt
irate oared orate ort rad radii radio raid rat rate ratty rawhide
read ready red red-eye redo reed reedy reheat retie re-wed
reweighed rid ride right right-away riot road roadie roadway rod
rode rodeo rood root rot rota route rowdy rowed ruddy rude rued rut
warhead warred wart warty wayward wearied weird weirdo wert whereat
whereto wherewith whirred wired word wordy worried worth worthy
wraith wrath wreath wreathe writ write writhe wrote wroth wrought
yard yurt arena earn erne herein hereon hernia heroin heroine heron
horn horny iron irony rain rainy ran rayon rein renew rhino roan
ruin runaway rune runny runway urine urn warn warren wherein
whereon worn wren yarn year army aroma arm harem harm herm ream rem
rheum rheumy rhyme rim rimy roam room roomy rum rummy uremia warm
worm wormy
28
airier aurora eerier error eyrir hairier harrier hearer hirer
hoarier horror rah-rah rarer rear rehear rehire rewire roar rower
warier warrior wearer wearier wirehair wirier worrier wrier wryer
aerial aerially airily areal areola areolae aril aural aurally
aureola aureole awhirl earl early eerily hoarily hourly hurl oral
orally oriel oriole rail railway rale rally real really reel relay
rely rial riel rile rill rille riyal roil roily role roll rowel
royal royally rule URL warily wearily whirl whorl wryly yearly
air-show arch archway harsh irish orgy rage raj raja rajah rash
ratio reach rehash reshow retch rewash rich ridge roach rouge rush
urge whorish wretch arc argue ark earache earwig erg ergo eureka
hark hayrick heroic irk orca rack rag raga rake reawake re-awoke
reecho reek reggae rig rock rocky rogue rook rookie ruck rug work
wrack wreak wreck York Yorkie
8
airwave arrive hereof horrify raffia rave reef reeve ref reify
review revue reweave rewove rife riff rive roof roofie rough rove
ruff rufiyaa wharf whereof aerobe harp harpy herb herby hereby
higher-up orb rabbi rap reap rehab repay rib rip ripe rob robe rope
ropey ropy rough-up rub rube ruby rupee warp whereby wrap
29
0
ails alas alehouse ales alias allays alleys alleyways allies
allows alloys aloes alohas also always awls eels hails hales
halloos hallows halls hallways haloes halos hauls heals heelless
heels hellos hells high heels hills holes hollies hollows hols
howls hulas hulls ills illus ill-use lace lacy lass lassie lasso
laws layaways lays laze lazy leas lease lees leis less lessee
liaise lice lies loci loess loos loose lose loss louse lousy lows
luaus oils oleos owls wails walleyes wallies wallows walls waylays
wellies wells whales wheals wheelhouse wheelies wheel-less wheels
whiles wholes wiles willies willows wills woolies woollies wools
yawls yellows yells yowls ailed alight alit allayed allied allot
all-out allowed alloyed allude aloud although alto auld elate elide
elite elodea elude elute eyelet eyelid hailed haled halide halite
hallooed hallowed haloed healed health healthy heeled held
thigh-heeled highlight holed holiday hollowed howled hulled Iliad
lad laddie lade lady laid laity lat late lath lathe latte laud
layette layout lid lido lied light lit lithe load loath loathe lode
loot lot loti lotto loud lout lowed lute oiled old oldie owlet
wailed walled wallet walleyed wallowed waylaid weald wealth wealthy
weld welled wellhead welt whaled wheeled whiled whole-wheat wield
wieldy wild wiled willed wilt would yellowed yield yowled alien
aline alone lan Halloween hellion Ilion lanai lane lawn lean lien
line lino liny lion llano loan loin lone loon loony well-nigh
woolen elm Elmo helium lam lama lamb lame lamia lemma limb lime
limey limo limy llama loam loamy loom whelm whilom
30
allure hailer haler hauler healer hillier holier holler
hollowware howler huller lair lawyer layer leer leery liar lira
lire lore lorry lour lower lowery lure lyre oiler oilier wailer
whaler wheeler wilier willowier willow ware woollier yellower halal
hallelujah hellhole holily holly hollowly ileal ill-will lilo lily
loll lolly lowly loyal loyally lull lulu oil-well wilily allege
elegy eulogy eyelash haulage hellish lash latch leach leash lech
ledge leech letch lichee liege lodge loge loggia louche lowish luge
lush owlish ullage welsh yellowish alack alga algae alike hillock
holly hock hulk hulky ileac iliac ilk lack lackey lag laic lake
league leak leaky leek leg leggy lick like loch lock loco log logo
look low-key luck lucky lug walk walk away walkway whelk yolk
8
alewife alive alluvia aloof alpha elf half halfway halve helve
laugh lav lava lave layoff leaf leafy leave levee levi levy life
live loaf loofah love lovey luff luv luvvie olive well-off wolf alb
alibi alley-oop alp elbow elope help lab labia lap layup leap lib
lip lippy lob lobby lobe loop loopy lop lope lowboy LP lube wallaby
wallop whelp yelp
31
0
aegis ages aitches ashes chaise chase chassis cheese cheesy
chess chews chihuahuas choice choose choosey choosy chose chows
edges edgeways edgewise egis eschews etches eyewashes gee whiz gees
geese geez hashes hatches hatchways hedges hitches hushes hutches
itches jaws jays jazz jazzy jeez joyous joys juice juicy otiose
schuss schwas shahs shes shies shoes shoos shows wages washes
washhouse watches wedges wedgies whooshes wishes witches aged chat
chateau chatty cheat cheetah chewed chide chit chute edged eschew
etched eye-shadow geed geode giddy hashed hatched hatchet hedged
hitched hushed itched jade jawed jet jetty jot jut jute shad shade
shadow shadowy shady shat sheath sheathe shed sheet shied shoat
shod shoddy shoed shooed shoots shut shuteye waged washed washout
watched wedged whooshed widget wished ashen chain chin china chine
chino gene genie hygiene ocean sheen shin shine shinny shiny shone
shoo-in chime chum chummy gem gemmy gym jam jamb jammy schmo sham
shame shammy shim shimmy ajar ashier ashore chair char chary cheer
cheerio cheery cherry chewer chewier edger edgier etcher giro gyre
hatchery hedger hedgerow high-chair hitcher jar jeer jury share
shear sheer sherry shier shire shirr shore shower showery showier
shrew shyer tiara usher wager washer washier watcher wisher
witchery
6
32
agile cello chili chill chilly edgily gel hugely jail jelly
jewel jolly joule jowl jowly July shale shall shallow shawl shell
shill shoal showily shyly cha-cha chichi choo-choo chowchow hashish
hush-hush Jewish judge shush wishy-washy check cheek cheeky cheque
chic chick chock choke chuck chug geek hatcheck hedgehog highjack
hijack hitchhike jagjig jock jockey jog joke jokey jug juke shack
shag shaggy shake shako shaky shock shook shuck
8
achieve chaff chaffy chef chief chive chivvy chivy jaffa java
jayvee jiff jiffy jive shave sheaf sheave shove showoff show-off
chap chapeau chappy cheap cheapo cheep chip chippie chop choppy
chub chubby gibe gyp hedgehop jab jape Jeep jib jibe job shabby
shape sheep ship shop
0
accuse aches acquiesce acts agues aqueous auks awakes ax axe
case cassia cause causeway caws cays chaos coos cows cozy cues cuss
echoes eggs egos ekes ex gas gassy gauze gauzy gays gaze goes goose
guess guise gussie gussy guys hacks hacksaw haggis hags hakes hawks
hex hickeys hicks hikes hoagies hoax hocks hogs hoicks hookahs
hooks hugs kayos kazoo keys kHz kiss kiwis oaks oiks okays ox quasi
quays queasy queues quiz wackos wags wakes wax waxy weeks whacks
wicks wigs woks yacks yaks yikes yogis yokes yuccas
33
ached acquit act acuity acute agate awaked cad caddie caddy
cahoot cat catty caught cawed CD coat coati coda code coed co-ed
cooed coot cootie cot cote couth cowed cowhide coyote ct cud cued
cut cutaway cute cutey cutie echoed echt egad egged egghead eked
equate equity gad gaiety gait gate gateau gateway gaud gaudy gayety
get getaway ghetto git goad go-ahead goat goatee god good goodie
gout gouty guide gut gutty guyed hacked hawked hawk-eyed hawkweed
hiked hocked hogtie hog-tie hooked kayoed keyed kid kiddo kiddy kit
kite kith kitty kowtow kudu okayed quad queued quid quiet quit
quite quota quote wagged waked weekday whacked wicked wicket wigged
yacked yakked yoked acne again agony akin awaken awoken can cane
canny canoe cayenne chon coin con cone equine gain gnaw gnu gone
gonna goon gown guano gun gunny icon iguana kana keen ken keno kin
kina oaken quean queen quoin wagon waken weaken woken acme cam came
cameo chemo coma comb come comma commie cum game gamey gamma gammy
gamy gimme gum gummy hokum oakum wigwam accrue achier acquire acre
agar agro agora agorae agree auger augur augury car caraway care
carry choir chore chorea coheir cohere coir cor core cower cowry
coyer craw crew crow cry cur cure curia curiae curie curio curry
eager echoer ecru equerry euchre gar gayer gear go haywire gooier
gore gory gray grew grey grow guar guru hacker hawker hickory hiker
hokier hooker ickier occur ocher ochre ogre okra quarry queer query
quire wackier weaker whacker whicker wicker34
aglow cal call calla callow chyle claw clay clayey clew cloy
clue coal coil cola collie cool coolie coolly coulee cowl coyly
cull eagle eagle eye equal equally gaily gal gala gale gall galley
gaol gaily ghoul gill gillie glee glow glue gluey goal goalie golly
guile gull gulley gully hackle haggle heckle igloo kale keel
keyhole kill kilo koala kohl kola ogle quail qualia quell quill
ugly waggle weakly weekly wiggle wiggly yokel acacia aguish cache
cachet cadge cage cagey cagy cash cashew catch catchy coach couch
cushy gage gash gauche gaucho gauge geisha gosh gotcha gouache
gouge gush gushy haggish hawkish hoggish hogwash kedge ketch kitsch
kitschy quash quiche waggish agog cacao cake cakey coca cock cocky
coco cocoa cog coke cook cookie cuckoo echoic gag gaga gawk gawky
gecko geeky gewgaw gig go-go guck haycock kayak keg khaki kick
kicky kike kook kooky quack quake quaky quick quickie wigwag
8
agave caf cave cavy coffee coif cough cove covey cuff gaff gaffe
gave give giveaway goof goofy guava guff guv kava kiev quaff quiff
agape cab cabbie cabby cap cape capo cob coop co-op cop cope copy
cough up coup coupe cowboy coypu CPU cub cube cup cuppa equip gab
gabby gap gape gappy gawp GB go-ape gob goop GP guppy hiccup hookup
kappa keep kip kobo occupy quip
35
80
aphasia aphis avows eaves efface effuse eves face fays faze fees
fess fez fizz fizzy foci foes fuse fuss fussy fuzz fuzzy haves
heaves heavies hives hoofs hooves huffs ivies oafs office offs
phase vase vice vies views visa vise voice vows waifs waives waves
weaves whiffs wives woofs afoot aft aphid avid avoid avowed effete
evade fad faddy fade faith fat fate fatty feat fed feed feet feta
fete feud fiat fight fit food foodie foot footie footy fought ft
haft have to heaved heavyweight heft hefty hived hoof it hoofed
hophead huffed ivied offed off-white oft ovate ovoid phat photo vat
vatu vet veto vide video vied viewed vita vitae void voodoo vote
vowed waft waived waved weaved weft whiffed wifehood woofed avenue
avian euphony even fain fan fane fanny faun fauna faunae fawn fen
fenny fin fine finny fun funny haven heaven hyphen oven ovine phone
phoney phony vain van vane vein veiny venue vine vino woven fame
fem FM foam foamy fume fumy ovum vim afar affair affray afire afro
aver aviary euphoria ever every faerie fair fairway fairy far
faraway fare faro fear ferry fewer fiery fir fire fire-away for
foray fore four foyer fray free freeway fro fry fur furrow furry
fury heaver heavier heifer hoofer hover however huffier iffier
ivory oeuvre offer off-hour ovary over overawe overweigh vary veer
very viewer vireo voyeur wafer waiver waver wavier weaver
whoever
8
8 8 8
36
8
afoul aphelia avail avowal awful awfully evil evil-eye evilly
eyeful fail faille fall fallow feel fell fella fellah fellow file
fill filly filo flaw flay flea flee flew floe flow flu flue fly
flyaway flyway foal foil folio follow folly fool foul foully fowl
fuel full fully heavily hovel huffily offal Ophelia oval ovule
phalli phial phyla uvula vail vale valley value veal veil vela vial
vile villa viol viola voila voile vole volley vowel waffle weevil
wifely woeful woefully avouch effigy fascia fetch fiche fichu fish
fisheye fishy fogey fogy fudge oafish offish phage physio veejay
veg veggie vetch vouch voyage evacuee evoke fag fake FAQ fig fog
foggy fuck fug fuggy fugue havoc off-key vague vogue faff fave fief
fife five high-five viva vive ephebe fab FBI Feb fib fob fop phobia
veep vibe VIP
8 8 88 8 0
abase abbacy abbes abbess abbeys abs abuse abuzz abyss apace
apes apiece appease appose apse baas base bass bayous bays beaus
bees bias bios boas boohoos boos booze boozy boss bossy boughs bows
boys bozo buoys bus busy buys buzz byes byways ebbs eyepiece haps
heaps highboys hippies hippos hips hobbies hobos hobs hoops hopes
hops hubbies hubs hypes hypos obese obeys oboes oops oppose ops
opus pace pacey paisa pass pass pause paws payees pays peace peas
pees peewees peso pewees pews piazza piece pies pious piss pizza
poesy poise pose posse posy powwows puce pus puss pussy webs weeps
whips whipsaw whoops whops wipes woops yaps yips yobs yuppies37
9
abate abbot abed abet abide abode about abut apathy aped apt
baaed bad baddie baddy bade bait bat bate bateau bath bathe batty
baud bawd bawdy bayed bead beady beat beauty bed bedew beet behead
bet beta bid biddy bid bight biot bit bite bitty boat bod bode body
booed boohooed boot bootee booth bootie booty both bought bout
bow-tie bowed boyhood bud Buddha buddy buoyed but butt butte butty
buyout byte ebbed epode habit heaped hipped hooped hoped hopped
howbeit hyped ibid obeyed obit opiate opt pad paid pat pate path
pathway patio patty pawed payday payout peat peaty peed peewit pet
petty pewit peyote pied pie-eyed pieta piety pit pita pith pithy
pitta pity pod podia poet pot potty pout pouty powwowed put putt
puttee putty U-boat upped uppity uptight wapiti webbed wept whipped
whippet whooped whopped wiped yapped yipped apnea ban bane bean
beanie beano been biennia bin bone boney bonnie bonny bony boon bun
bunny ebon ebony happen open opine paean pain pan pane pawn peahen
peen pen penne penny peon peony piano PIN pine piney pinny pone
pony pun puny upon weapon abeam beam biome bomb boom bum opium PM
poem pom pommy puma abhor apiary appear bar bare barrio barrow bear
beer beery berry beware bier birr boar boor bore borough borrow
bower bra brae bray brew Brie brio bro brow bur bureau burr burro
burrow burry bury buyer byre eyebrow happier happy hour highbrow
hipper hopper hyper opera pair par pare pariah parry payer pear
peer per pier poor pore pour power PR pray prey pro prow pry pure
puree purr pyorrhea pyre upper weeper weepier whooper whopper wiper
yawper
9
9 9
38
able ably appall appeal apple apply ball bally ballyhoo bail
bale bawl belay belie bell bellow belly below bewail bile bill
billow billowy blah blew blow blowy blue boil bola bole boll bowel
bowl bull bully byelaw bylaw eyeball haply happily highball hobble
hoi polloi hoopla opal paella pail pal pale pall pawl payola peal
peel pilau pile pill pillow play playa plea plough plow ploy ply
pole polio poll polo poly pool pula pull pulley uphill waybill
whoopla wobble wobbly abash apish apogee badge bash batch beach
beech beige betcha bewitch bijou bosh botch botchy boyish budge
budgie bush bushy butch page pasha patch patchy peach peachy pitch
pitchy poach podgy pooch posh pouch pshaw pudgy push pushy putsch
aback back backhoe bag baggie baggy bake BBQ beak beck beg big
biggie bike bikeway bock bog bogey boggy bogie bogy boogie book
bookie buck buckeye bug buggy epic epoch opaque pack PC peak peaky
peck peek peg pekoe PG pica pick picky picot pig piggy pike pique
pkwy pock poke pokey poky puck pug puke pukka
8
above beef beefy beehive behave behoove bevy biff buff pave
payoff pay-off peeve poof pouf puff puffy babe baby bap beep bib
bob boob boo-boo booby bop bub bubba bubo bye-bye hip-hop hubbub
pap papa papaw papaya pappy pawpaw peep pep peppy pip pipe
pooh-pooh poop pop Pope poppa poppy pub pup pupa pupae puppy
39
modern mnemonics part three
images
0
8
0
modern mnemonics part four
narratives
passport number 10 - 72 - 58 - 63 - 9
idea - cone - leaf - jam - soap
An interesting idea (10) would be instead of using ice cream in
a cone (72), you used sprinkles of leaf (58) and jam (63) as a
topping onto a scoop of soap (63).
sort code 60 - 59 - 97
chess - lippy - peg
Playing a game of chess (60) using lippy (59) and pegs (97) as
pieces.
pin number 16 - 52
dish - lawn
Going to a restaurant and ordering a dish (16) of lawn (52) for
dinner.
birthday 21 - 06 - 89
knit - sushi - fab
Knit (21) sushi (06) is fab (89).
