MODUL A

UNIT SAINS DAN MATEMATIKPEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH HULU SELANGOR

40000 KUALA KUBU BHARU, SELANGOR D.E.

UNIT SAINS & MATEMATIKPEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH HULU SELANGOR

40000 KUALA KUB BHARU, SELANGOR D.E.

Disediakan oleh

GURU-GURU SAINS SPMDAERAH HULU SELANGOR

MODUL “FOCUS” SAINS SPM 2009Module A : SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS (SECTION A) oleh Guru-guru Sains SPM Daerah Hulu Selangor

1

MODULE A“Science Process

Skills”(SECTION A)



QUESTION 1

Diagram 1 shows an experiment to determine the focal length of a convex lens at different distance of an object.

Diagram 1

Table 1 shows the result of the experiment.

Distance of object (cm)

Focal length (cm)

10 4020 3030 2040 10

Table 1

(a) State the variables in this experiment.(i) Manipulated variable

____________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(ii) Responding variable____________________________________________________________

[1 mark](iii) Constant variable

____________________________________________________________[1 mark]


2

Distance of an object

Focal length



(b) State the hypothesis that can be made from the experiment.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(c) Write one observation from the result of the experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(d) Based on the result, what happened to the focal length when the distance of an object increased?

When the distance of an object increased, the focal length _______________ . [1 mark]


3



QUESTIONS 2

Diagram 2 shows an experiment to study the formation of an image by a convex lens.

Diagram 2

(a) Complete Diagram 2 to show the formation of the image by the convex lens[2 marks]

(b) Measure and write down the distance of the image.

_____________________________ cm[1 mark]

(c) State two characteristics of the image formed in 2 (a)

1. ____________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________[2 marks]

(d) Predict the distance of image when the object is place at 2F.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]


4

F 2FF2F 3F3F

Object



QUESTIONS 3

Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2 show an experiment to determine the focal length of a thin convex lens and a thick convex lens. The clear image formed in white screen.

DIAGRAM 3.1

DIAGRAM 3.2

(a) Measure and write down the focal length in Diagram 3.2.


5

8.2 cm

Focal length

Thin convex lens lenslensWhite screen White screen

Image

White screen

Thick convex lens lenslensWhite screen

…….. cm

Focal length

Image



Focal length : __________________ cm

[1 mark]

(b) State the hypothesis based on this experiment.

_________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

(c) State the variables in this experiment.

(i) Constant variable

____________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

(ii) Responding variable

____________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

(iii) Manipulated variable

____________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

(d) Observe Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2. What is the difference between the focal

length of convex lens in Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2.

__________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

(e) Give three characteristic of the image formed in this experiment.

1. _________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________

[3 marks]

QUESTIONS 4


6



Diagram 4 shows an experiment to study the electrical conductivity in different type of juice. Copper plate and lead plate act as electrodes.

Diagram 4

The result of the experiment shown in Table 4.

Type of juice Galvanometer reading (G)

Distilled water 0.0Tomato juice 0.2Lemon juice 0.4

Table 4

(a) State the variables in this experiment.

(i) Manipulated variable____________________________________________________________

[1 mark](ii) Responding variable

____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(iii) Constant variable____________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

(b) State one hypothesis for the experiment.


7



__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(c) Write one observation for this experiment based on the result in Table 4.__________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

(d) State one inference for this experiment.__________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

(e) What is the operational definition for electrical conductivity in this experiment?

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

QUESTIONS 5


8



Diagram 5 shows an experiment to study the electroplating of an iron nail in different type of electrolytes. A

B

Diagram 5


Set Type of electrolyte Mass of iron nail(g)

A Copper (II) sulphate solution

8.0

B Aluminium sulphate solution

5.0

Table 5


(i) Responding variable____________________________________________________________


____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(iii) Manipulated variable____________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

(b) State one hypothesis for this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


9

aluminium sulphate solution



(c) Write one observation for the experiment based on the result in Table 5.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(d) State one inference for this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(e) Based on the result in Table 5, what is the best electrolyte for electroplating process of an iron nails.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

QUESTIONS 6

Diagram 6 shows an experiment to study the electrical conductivity of lead (II) bromide.


10



Diagram 6

The result of the experiment is shown in Table 6.

Condition of substances Ammeter Reading (A)

Solid Lead (II) bromide 0.0

Molten Lead (II) bromide 2.0

Table 6


(i) Controlled variable ________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (ii) Manipulated variable ________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (iii) Responding variable _________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


11



(c) From the result of Table 6, write one observation in this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(d) State one inference from the result in Table 6.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(e) Based on the result of experiment, which condition can conduct electricity?

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(f) Lead (II) bromide is an ionic compound.State the operational definition for an ionic compound.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

QUESTIONS 7

Diagram 7 shows an experiment to study the reactivity of metals with oxygen. Potassium manganate (VII) crystals will produce oxygen when it heated.


12



Diagram 7


Type of Metal Brightness of light

Aluminium Very bright

Zinc Bright

Copper Not bright

Table 7

(a) State the variables in this experiment. (i) Manipulated variable ________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (ii) Responding variable ________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (iii) Constant variable _________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


13

glass wool



(c) Write one observation from this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(d) State one inference from this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(e) Based on the result of experiment, tick ( √ ) for the most reactive metal with oxygen.

Aluminium

Zinc

Copper

[1 mark]

(f) Based on the result in Table 7, state one conclusion in this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

QUESTIONS 8

Diagram 8 shows an experiment to study the reactivity of metals with acid.


14

Gas collected after 10 minutes

Burette



Diagram 8


Type of MetalVolume of gas collected

after 10 minutes(ml)

Ferum 4.0

Magnesium 8.0

Lead 0.0

Table 8


(i) Constant variable ________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (ii) Manipulated variable ________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (iii) Responding variable _________________________________________________________________ [1 mark](b) State one hypothesis for this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


15



(c) State one observation from the result in Table 8.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(d) Based on the observation in Table 8, state one inference for the experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(e) Based on the result of experiment, complete the reactivity series of metal with acid in boxes below by using : 1 – most reactive; 2 – more reactive and 3 – less reactive.

Ferum

Magnesium

Lead 3

[1 mark]

(f) Write down one conclusion in this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

QUESTIONS 9

Diagram 9 shows an experiment to study the heat change in chemical reactions at room temperature 27°C.


16



Diagram 9

The result of the experiment is shown in Table 9.1.

Table 9.1

Set Type of reactant Final reading of temperature(°C)

P Ammonium chloride 25°C

Q Sodium hydroxide 38°C



(b) Based on result in Table 9.1, what is your observation of temperature changefor set Q.

Mark (√ ) for your answer in Table 9.2.


17

Initial reading at 27°C



Table 9.2

Temperature decrease No change in temperature Temperature increase

[1 mark]

(c) State one hypothesis for this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(d) Based on the result in Table 9.1, state one inference for this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(e) Endothermic and exothermic are type of chemical reactions.Write the operational definition for ‘endothermic’ in this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

QUESTIONS 10

Diagram 10 shows an experiment to study the rate of dissolves with different size of salt.


18



Diagram 10

Table 10 shows the result of experiment.

Table 10

Size of saltTime taken for

salts dissolves (min)

Fine salt (small) 5

Coarse salt (big) 10


(i) Controlled variable ________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (ii) Manipulated variable ________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (iii) Responding variable _________________________________________________________________ [1 mark](b) State one hypothesis for this experiment.

_________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]


__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]


19

A B

Distilled water



(d) Based on the observation in Table 10, state one inference.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(e) Write down one conclusion in this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

QUESTIONS 11

Diagram 11 shows an experiment to study the effect of impurities on boiling point of distilled water.


20



The results of the experiment are recorded in Table 11.

Table 11

Type of substances Boiling point/ °C

Distilled water 100

Distilled water + salt ………………………….

(a) Based on the experiment, complete Table 11. [1 mark]

(b) Write down one hypothesis for this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]


__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(d) Write down one inference based on the results of experiment.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


21

Common salt

thermometer

DIAGRAM 1

Diagram 11

Common salt

Distilled water



(e) State the variables in this experiment.


(f) Predict the boiling point if you replace salt with sugar in Diagram 11.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(g) What is the operational definition of distilled water?

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

QUESTIONS 12

Diagram 12 shows an experiment to study the relationship between temperature of distilled water and time taken.


22



Diagram 12


Table 12

Time /min 0 5 10 15 20 25

Temperature / oC 28 42 64 84 100 100

(a) Using the data in Table 12, draw a graph of temperature of distilled water against time.

.


23

Temperature (oC)

20

40

60

80

100

0

beaker



[2 marks]

(b) State the variables in this experiment.


(c) Mark ( √ ) the boiling point on the graph[1 mark]

(d) Based on the graph, state the relationship between the temperature of distilled water and time in the first 15 minutes?

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]


24

5 10 15 20 25 Time (minute)



(e) Predict the temperature of distilled water at 30 minutes based on the graph.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(f) Write down one hypothesis for this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(g) State one observation from the result in Table 12.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(h) What is the operational definition of boiling point?

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

QUESTIONS 13

Diagram 13 shows an experiment to study the effect of surface area with rate of cooling after 30 minutes.


25



Diagram 13


Table 13

Size of beaker Temperature after 30 minutes(°C)

Beaker 100 ml 80°C

Beaker 250 ml 50°C


(i) Controlled variable ________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (ii) Manipulated variable ________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (iii) Responding variable _________________________________________________________________ [1 mark](b) State one hypothesis for this experiment.

_________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]


__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(d) Write one inference from this experiment.


26



__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(e) Based on the result in Table 13, which size of beaker has the higher rate of cooling.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(f) Predict the temperature of hot water in Diagram 13 if the experiment using size of beaker 500 ml.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

QUESTIONS 14

Diagram 14 shows an experiment to study the characteristics of an image formed by a pinhole camera.


27



Diagram 14

(a) Measure and write down the object distance from Diagram 14.___________________________ cm

[1 mark](b) State the variables in this experiment.

(i) Manipulated variable_________________________________________________________________

[1 mark](ii) Responding variable__________________________________________________________________

[1 mark](iii) Constant variable__________________________________________________________________

[1 mark](c) State one hypothesis based on this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(d) Write down one observation from this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]


28

x cm

Object distance

Whitescreen

Object

Image

2 cm



(e) Predict the size of the image if the object placed at more than x cm from the pinhole camera.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(f) Based on Diagram 14, state three characteristics of the image formed on white screen.

1. ________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________________[3 marks]

QUESTIONS 15

Diagram 15 shows an experiment to study the hardness of various types of metals.The weight is released from a height of 50 cm onto the steel ball bearing. The depth of the dent of metal block is measured.


29



Diagram 15The results are recorded in Table 15.

Table 15

Type of block Depth of the dent (cm)

Bronze 0.26Tin 0.30

Copper 0.32 (a) State the variables in this experiment.




[1 mark] (c) State one hypothesis for this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(d) Write down one observation from the result in Table 15.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]


30



(e) State one inference from this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(f) Based on the result in Table 15, which metal is the hardest.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

QUESTIONS 16

Diagram 16.1 shows an experiment to study the hardness of alloy compared to pure metal.


31

Diagram 16.1



Diagram16. 2 show the effect on the copper and brass block.


(i) Manipulated variable: ______________________________________

(ii) Responding variable : ______________________________________

(iii) Controlled variable : _______________________________________

[3 marks]

(b) Write down one hypothesis from this experiment.

_____________________________________________________________________[1 mark]


32

Diagram 16.2



(c) Write down one observation based on Diagram 16.2.

_____________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(d) State one inference based on the observation in (c).

_____________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(d) Brass is an alloy. State the operational definition of alloy.

_____________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(e) Predict the dent of copper block if weight 200g is used in this experiment.

_____________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

QUESTIONS 17

Diagram 17 shows the arrangement of apparatus to study the subtraction of RED colour lights from Colour of Filters X.


33



Diagram 17


Table 17

Colour of Filter X Colour formed

RED RED

BLUE BLACK

GREEN BLACK


(i) Manipulated variable: ______________________________________

(ii) Responding variable : _______________________________________

(iii) Controlled variable : _______________________________________

[3 marks]

(b) Write down one hypothesis from this experiment.

_____________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(c) Write down one observation based on the result in Table 17.

_____________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(d) State one conclusion based on the result in Table 17.


34

White screen

RED Lights



_____________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(e) Predict the colour formed on the white screen when the colour of X is YELLOW.

_____________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

QUESTIONS 18

Diagram 18 shows the arrangement of apparatus to study the formation of light scattering on sodium thiosulphate solutions.


35



Diagram 18

The results of the experiment are shown in the Table 18.

(a) State the variables in this experiment.(i) Manipulated variable_________________________________________________________________



[1 mark]

(b) State one hypothesis based on this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]


Label Type of solution Colours on white screen

A Sodium thiosulphate solution White spot

B Sodium thiosulphate solution + dilute hydrochloric acid

Red spot

36

red spotblue colour



(c) Write down one observation from this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(d) State one inference from the observation of this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(d) Light scattering happened in Solution B. State the operational definition of light scattering.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

QUESTIONS 19

Diagram 19 shows an experiment to study the resistance of alloy and pure metal to corrosion (rusting).


37



Diagram 19

The results of the experiment are shown in the Table 19.

Type of nail Formation of rust

Iron nail Rust

Steel nail No Rust





[1 mark](b) State one hypothesis based on this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(c) Write down one observation from this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(d) State one inference based on the observation in (c).

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]


38



(d) Steel nail is an alloy. State the operational definition of alloy from this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(e) Tick ( ) the object that can be rust in the sodium chloride solution.

Steel Scissors knife

Iron Keys

Steel Spring

[1 mark]

QUESTIONS 20

Diagram 20 shows an experiment to study the distillation process from salt solution. The volumes of distilled water are recorded every 2 minutes after condensation process happened in Liebig condenser.


39



Diagram 20


Table 20

Time (minute) 0 2 4 6 8 10

Volume of distilled water (ml) 5 10 15 20 25 25

(a) Based on the result in Table 20, draw a graph volume of distilled water against time.


40

2 4 6 8 10

Volume of distilled water (ml)

5

10

15

20

25

0

Volume of distilled water



Time (minute)

[2 marks](b) State the variables in this experiment.

(i) Constant variable ________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (ii) Manipulated variable ________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (iii) Responding variable _________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(b) Write down one hypothesis for this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]


41




__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(d) Based on the graph, state the relationship between the volume of distilled water and time in first 6 minutes.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(e) Predict the volumes of distilled water are collected at 12 minutes in this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(h) Distilled water produce from distillation process of salt solution.What is the operational definition of distilled water?

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

QUESTIONS 21

Diagram 21 shows the experiment to study the electrical conductivity of different substances.


42



Diagram 21

The result of the experiment is shown in Table 21.

Table 21

(a) Write the manipulated variable in this experiment.

________________________________________________________________ [1 mark](b) Write the responding variable in this experiment.


Type of substance Ammeter reading (A)

Lead 2.0

Sulphur 0.0

Molten Lead (II) bromide 1.0

43



________________________________________________________________ [1 mark](c) State the fixed variable is using in this experiment.

_________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(d) Write down one hypothesis based on the result in Table 21.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(e) State one observation from the result in Table 21.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(f) State one inference from the result of experiment in Table 21.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(g) Based on the result in Table 21, which type of substance is a good conductor.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

QUESTIONS 22

Diagram 22 shows the experiment to study the effect of impurities on the melting point of ice.


44



Diagram 22

The results of the experiment are recorded in Table 22.

Table 22.1

Set Type of substances Melting point(oC)

A Ice 0

B Ice + salt………………

(a) Based on Diagram 22, complete the result in Table 22.1 [1 mark]

(b) Write down one hypothesis from the experiment.

_____________________________________________________________[1 mark]


(i) Constant variable ________________________________________________________________


45

A B



[1 mark] (ii) Manipulated variable ________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (iii) Responding variable _________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(d) Based on result in Table 22.1, what is your observation of temperature change for set B.

Mark (√ ) for your answer in Table 22.2.

Table 22.2

Temperature decrease No change in temperature Temperature increase

[1 mark]

(e) State the inference from the observation in Table 22.1.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(f) Salt is an impuritiesWrite the operational definition of impurities in this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

QUESTIONS 23

The Form 4 Melati carry out an experiment to study the variation of group of blood. There are four group of blood; A, B, AB and O.


46



Table 23 shows the group blood of 25 pupils in the class.

Table 23.1

(a) Based on Table 23.1, determine the number of pupils in each group. Complete Table 23.2.

Table 23.2

Group of blood A B AB O

Number of pupils

[2 marks]

(a) Based on the result in Table 23.2, draw a bar chart to show the number of pupils against the group of blood.


O A O B O

AB B O B A

O A B A O

B O B O AB

O AB O A B

47

Number of pupils

Group of blood



[2 marks](b) State the variables in this experiment.

(i) Constant variable ________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (ii) Manipulated variable ________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (iii) Responding variable _________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(c) Write down one hypothesis from the experiment.

_____________________________________________________________[1 mark]


48



(d) State one observation from the result in Table 23.2.

_____________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(e) Write a conclusion on the type of variation based on the bar chart in (a).

_____________________________________________________________[1 mark]

QUESTIONS 24

Diagram 24 shows an experiment to study the rate of salt dissolved.


49



Diagram 24

Table 24 shows the time taken of salt dissolved.

Table 24

Amount of salt (g)Time taken for salt

dissolved (min)

10 2

20 4

30 6

40 8

50 10

(a) Based on Table 24, draw a graph of amount of salt against time taken.


50



[2 marks]

(a) What is relationship between amount of salt and time taken for its dissolved? __________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

(b) Based on the graph in (a), Mark the time taken when the amount of salt is 35g.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(c) State the hypothesis based on this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


51



(d) Write the manipulated variable in this experiment.

________________________________________________________________ [1 mark](e) Write the responding variable in this experiment.

________________________________________________________________ [1 mark](f) State the fixed variable is using in this experiment.

_________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(g) State one observation from the result in Table 24.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(h) State the inference from the result of experiment in Table 24.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(i) Write down the conclusion in the experiment .

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

QUESTIONS 25


52



Diagram 25 shows an experiment of making soap from the reaction of palm oil with concentrated sodium hydroxide solution. The solution was heated around 20 minutes until are white solid form.

Diagram 25


Table 25

Amount of

palm oil (ml)

Amount of

white solid (g)

30 10

60 15

90 20

(a) State the hypothesis based on this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(b) Based on the result in Table 25, state one observation for this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


(i) Manipulated variable


53



____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(iii) Constant variable

____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(d) State the inference that can be made from the result in Table 25.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(e) Write down the conclusion in the experiment .

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

QUESTIONS 26


54



Diagram 26 shows an experiment to study the volume of ethanol produced by using various type of solution in fermentation process.

Diagram 26


Table 26

Type of solution Volume of ethanol (ml)

Banana juice 10

Pineapple juice 30

Apple juice 20


__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


__________________________________________________________________


55



[1 mark]


(i) Controlled variable

____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(ii) Manipulated variable

____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(iii) Responding variable

____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(d) State one inference that can be made from the result in Table 26.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(e) Based on the result, which type of the solution is the best solution for produce the ethanol from fermentation process.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

QUESTIONS 27


56



Diagram 27 shows an experiment to produce ethanol through the fermentation process by added yeast in glucose solution. The condition of the lime water solution was recorded at two days.

Diagram 27

After two days, the observations of solution are recorded as in Table 27.

Table 27

Day Condition

of lime water solution

0 Clear

1 Clear

2 Cloudy


__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


__________________________________________________________________


57



[1 mark]



____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(iii) Controlled variable

____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(d) State one inference that can be made from the result in Table 27.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(e) Write down the conclusion from this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(f) Tick (√) the solution can replace glucose solution to produce ethanol by Fermentation process.

Sugarcane juice

Distilled water

Salt solution

[1 mark]

QUESTIONS 28


58



Diagram 28 shows an experiment to study of effect of antibiotic on bacteria growth. The Penicillin dish is an antibiotic using in this experiment. The sterilized petri dish is incubated at 37°C in laboratory.

After two days there are clear areas formed surroundings the penicillin disc.

Diagram 28



____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(b) State the hypothesis based on this experiment.


59

Sterilized Petri dish

Nutrient agar+

bacteria Bacillus subtilis

CLEAR AREA

PENICILLIN DISH



__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(c) State the observation for this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(d) State the inference that can be made from the observation in this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(e) Write down the conclusion from this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(f) Penicillin is an antibiotic.Write the operational definition of antibiotic in this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

QUESTIONS 29


60



Diagram 29 shows an experiment to study the action of acid and alkali on the latex.

Diagram 29.1

After 30 minutes, the results of the experiment are shown in the Table 29.

Table 29

(a) State the variables in this experiment. (i) Manipulated variable

____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


____________________________________________________________ [1 mark](b) State one hypothesis based on the result in Table 29.


Set Type of solution Condition of latex

A Ethanoic acid + latex Solid

B Sodium hydroxide + latex Liquid

61

A B

sodium hydroxide



__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(c) State one observation for this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(d) Based on the result in Table 29, which type of solution can be used to make the football in Diagram 29.2.

Diagram 29.2

_________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(e) Mark (√) the solutions can replace the ethanoic acid in react with latex.

Propanoic acid

Calcium Hydroxide

Hydrochloric acid

[1 mark]

QUESTIONS 30


62

Football



Diagram 30 shows an experiment to study the relationship between the weight of pebble and the volume of liquid displaced by the object.

Diagram 30

The results are recorded in Table 30.

Table 30

Weight of

pebble (g)

Volume of water displace

by pebble (ml)20 1.540 2.060 2.580 3.0100 3.5



63



____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


____________________________________________________________

(b) State one hypothesis based on the result in Table 30.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(c) State one observation for this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(d) Predict the volume of water displaced by pebble if weight of pebble is 120 gram.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(e) Based on the result in Table 30, write down one conclusion for this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

QUESTIONS 31


64



Diagram 31 shows an experiment to study the effect of transmission of pressure in liquids in a hydraulic system.

Diagram 31

Table 31 shows the result for this experiment.

Table 31

Mass of weight on the small piston (g)

150 300 450

Mass of weight on the big piston (g)

600 1200 1800

(a) State the hypothesis based on the result in Table 31.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(b) Write the manipulated variable in this experiment.

________________________________________________________________ [1 mark](c) Write the responding variable in this experiment.

________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(d) State the fixed variable is using in this experiment.


65



_________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(e) State one observation from the result in Table 31.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(f) Based on the result in Table 31, state one inference of the experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(g) State the conclusion that can be made from this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

QUESTIONS 32


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Diagram 32 shows an experiment to study the effect of weight on pressure. Different weight was placed on the cardboard. The depths of impressions are measured by scale on wooden block.

Diagram 32

The results are shown in Table 32.

Table 32

Weight (g)

Depth of impression (mm)

100 3

200 6

300 9




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____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


____________________________________________________________[1 mark]


__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(c) Observed the result in Table 32, write the relationship between weight and depth of impression.

When the weight is increased, the depths of impression will _______________

[1 mark]

(d) Predict the depth of impression when the weigh is 500 g.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]


__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

QUESTIONS 33


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Diagram 33 shows an experiment to study the relationship between mass and inertia.

Diagram 33


Table 33

Mass (kg)

Time taken to stop oscillation (minutes)

0.0 2

1.0 5

(a) State the variables in this experiment. (i) Fixed variable

____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


____________________________________________________________[1 mark]


__________________________________________________________________


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[1 mark](c) Write down one observation based on the result in Table 33.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(d) State one inference based on observation in (c).

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(e) Based on the result in Table 33, write the relationship between mass and time.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(f) Predict the time taken when the mass 2.0 kg.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]


When the mass increased, the time taken _______________________ and

the inertia ___________________. [1 mark]

QUESTIONS 34

Diagram 34.1 and Diagram 34.2 shows the experiment to study the fermentation process..


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Diagram 34.1Diagram 34.2


(i) Fixed variable

____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


____________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(b) State one hypothesis based on Diagram 34.1.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(c) Write down one observation based on Diagram 34.2.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]



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Distilled water Lime water cloudyLime water not cloudy



__________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

(e) Based on the result of lime water in Diagram 34.1 and Diagram 34.2, which solution suitable for fermentation process happened.

__________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

(f) Predict the condition of lime water when using grape juice and yeast.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

QUESTIONS 35

Diagram 35 shows an experiment to study the effects of nutrient deficiency on the growth of green pea seedlings using four test tubes A,B,C and D containing different culture solution.


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Diagram 35


Table 35

Test tube Types of culture solution Heightof

green pea seedlings (cm)A Without nitrogen 12

B Without Phosporus 10

C Without Potassium 5

D Complete culture 20

(a) State the variables in this experiment. (i) Fixed variable

____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]



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____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


____________________________________________________________[1 mark]


__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(e) Based on the result in Table 35, which type of culture solution suitable for active growth of green pea seedlings.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

QUESTIONS 36

Diagram 36 shows an experiment to study the effects of temperature on the bacteria growth.


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Diagram 36


Table 36

Temperature(°C)

Number of bacteria colonies

5 5

30 15

37 28

70 3

(a) State the variables in this experiment. (i) Constant variable

____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]



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____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


____________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(b) State one hypothesis in this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(e) Predict the number of bacteria colonies when using temperature 100°C.

__________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(f) Based on the result in Table 36, which temperature suitable for bacteria growth.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

QUESTIONS 37

Diagram 37 shows an experiment to investigate the relationship between the velocity of water and pressure produced at different diameter of tube.


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Diagram 37


Table 37

Part Diameter of tube (cm)

Velocity of water(cm/s)

X 2.0 1.0

Y 0.2 8.0

Z 2.0 4.0


____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


____________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(b) State one hypothesis in this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


__________________________________________________________________


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[1 mark]


__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(e) Based on the result in Table 37, write one conclusion for this experiment

Pressure is ___________________ at the part where velocity of water fast.

[1 mark]

QUESTIONS 38

An experiment on the ability of a group of students to roll their tongue was carried out.

Table 38 shows the results of the experiment.

Table 38


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(a) Based on Table 38 draw a bar chart that represents the results.

[2 marks]

(b) State the variables in this experiment. (i) Manipulated variable

____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


____________________________________________________________


Ability to roll the tongue Number of students

Able 25

Unable 10

79

Num

ber

of s

tude

nts

Ability to roll the tongue

30

20

10

0




____________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(c) State one hypothesis in this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(d) Write down one observation based on the result in Table 38.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(e) Based on the result in Table 38, write the type of variation in this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

QUESTIONS 39

Table 39 shows the result of experiment to study the effect of pH value on bacteria growth. The bacteria incubated in 37°C .

Table 39

pH value Size of bacterial colony(mm)


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3 04 15 46 87 129 411 0

(a) Based on Table 39, draw a graph to show the relationship between the size of bacterial colonies and pH values.

[2 marks]

(b) Mark the optimum pH for bacterial growth from the graph in (a).

[1 mark](c) State the variables in this experiment.


____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


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Size of bacterial colony(mm)

12

10

8

6

4

2

2

2 4 6 8 10 12 pH Value




____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


____________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(d) State one hypothesis in this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(e) Write down one observation based on the result in Table 39.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(f) Based on the result in Table 39, write down one conclusion for this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

QUESTIONS 40

Diagram 40 shows the data of heights of 40 pupils in Form 4 Merbau for experiment to study the variation of height of pupils.

Diagram 40


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155 150 154 153 156 147 152 155157 157 160 146 150 156 151 167145 162 154 155 160 161 160 159158 148 157 164 166 158 168 169158 164 162 152 149 156 146 154



(a) Complete the Table 40 by determining the number of pupils in each height group from Diagram 40.

Table 40

Height(cm) 145-149 150-154 155-159 160-164 165-169

Number of pupils

[2 marks]

(b) Based on the results in Table 2, draw a histogram to show the height distribution of the pupils in the class.


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[2 marks]



____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]


____________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(d) State one hypothesis in this experiment.


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__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(e) Write down one observation based on the result in Table 40.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(f) Based on the result in Table 40, write down the type of variation for this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

END OF MODULE A


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Documents

MODUL A