MOdule C training - C.R. England Inc.. OTR Training … · C.R. England Job Opportunities Professional Apprentice Driver Series - Module C Page 1 Booklet 6 Objectives Completing all

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6

Copyright ©2005 by CR England First Edition, Version 2

Table of Contents Booklet 6 Objectives 1 Plan Time for Learning 2

Activity – Practice Backing: Door #11 3 Keep Track of Your Backing Practice 5

En-Route Inspections 6 En-Route Vehicle Safety Inspection 7 Cargo Inspection 10

Activity – Perform En-Route Inspections 10 Hazmat Load Inspection 11 En-Route Inspection Quick Checklist 13

The Trailer Refrigeration “Reefer” Unit 14 Avoiding a Refrigeration Short Cycle 15

Cargo Height Guidelines 16 Reefer Controller Units 17

SmartReefer2 Model 17 Maintaining the Reefer 18

Frequency of Reefer Maintenance Checks 19 Activity – Prepare the Reefer for a Trip Assignment 20

Reefer Pretrip Check 20 Keep Track of Pretrip Checks You Do 21

Initiate Manual Defrost 21 Keep Track of Manual Defrost Starts 22

Reefer Inspection 22 Keep Track of Daily Reefer Inspections 26

Setting the Temperature on the Reefer 27 Policy on Product Temperature 28

Pre-cooling and Cleaning the Trailer for Load Pickup 29 Time Needed for Pre-Cooling the Trailer 29

Activity – Set the Reefer Temperature 30 Checking Load Temperatures 34

During Loading 34 Claims Department Telephone Number 36

Monitoring and Responding to Reefer Alarms 36 Activity – Monitor the Reefer While En-Route 37

Keep Track of Monitoring the Reefer While En-Route 38 Charging Cable 39

Managing Fuel Costs 39 Traveling Speed 39 Idling 40 Progressive Shifting 40 Fuel Optimization 40

Monitor Fuel Efficiency Using the Qualcomm 41 Fuel Cards 43

All Fuel Cards (Company and Independent Contractors) 43 During every 24-hour period… 44

Specifications Unique to Each Type of Fuel Card 45 Comdata Fuel Card 45 Flying J Fuel Card 46

Cash Advances 46 Common Problems with Fuel Cards Not Working 48 Off-Net Fueling by Company Drivers 48

What is off-net fueling? 48 Use the Fuel Optimizer 49 Consequence of Fueling Off-Net 49

Lost Fuel Cards 50 Information about Fuel Maps and Fuel Optimizer 50

Preventive Maintenance and Repair 51 Keeping Maintenance Costs Down 51

Driving Techniques to Keep Costs Down 52 Tips for Lowering Maintenance and Repair Costs 52 Human Mistakes, We All Make Them 53

Getting Stuck 54 Forgetting to Check the Fuel Level 55 Forgetting to Release the Trailer Brakes 55 Losing Your Key 55 Dead Batteries 55

Tractor Auxiliary Heaters 58 Preventive Maintenance Troubleshooting 59

If You See… 60 If You Hear… 63 If You Feel… 65

If You Smell… 68 Activity – Take Preventive Maintenance Steps 70

Answers to Activities 72 Activity – Set the Reefer Temperature 72

Bill of Lading #1 72 Bill of Lading #2 73 Bill of Lading #3 74

Booklet Quiz 75 Activity – Take a Quiz Using the Qualcomm 75

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Professional Apprentice Driver Series - Module C

Page 1

Booklet 6 Objectives

Completing all the activities in Booklet 6 will assist you in improving your professional driving abilities by:

Practicing backing maneuvers. Performing en-route vehicle inspections. Operating, monitoring, diagnosing and reporting malfunctions of the trailer refrigeration unit. Showing knowledge of fuel management techniques by operating the vehicle in a manner that will increase fuel efficiency. Performing routine maintenance checks and simple repairs to avoid breakdowns and ensure long life of parts as well as safe and economic operation of the vehicle.

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Booklet 6

Page 2

Plan Time for Learning

Done Plan to do: When

Activity: Practice Backing: Door #11 Driving

Activity: Perform En-Route Vehicle Inspections

On Duty

Activity: Prepare the Reefer for a Trip Assignment

On Duty

Activity: Set the Reefer On Duty

Activity: Monitor the Reefer While En-Route

On Duty

Activity: Take Preventive Maintenance Steps

On Duty

Activity: Take a Quiz Using the Qualcomm

On Duty

For some drivers, this booklet takes 3 hours to complete.

An effective learning approach for some apprentices is to first review the topic and driver checklists and then complete the activities.



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Backing

Activity – Practice Backing: Door #11Note: For safety, your trainer will need to be with you at all times while practicing backing. There are no exceptions to this rule.

If you need to review steps in backing, refer to Module A, Booklets 1 and 2.

Remember to spend time talking about backing with your trainer. You should try to get at least 2 of the required 15 backing practice sessions to complete this booklet.

This activity gives you practice doing a forward serpentine and straight line back. You may need to do this type of maneuver if a customer sends you to one dock and then, after you have completed your back, decides to have you back into the next dock instead. If you get this request, the forward serpentine and straight line back will help you re-position smoothly.

What you should do:

Step 1 For this activity, you can use a parking lot that has at least two empty parking spaces next to each other. Think of this as if it were a docking situation.



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Step 2 Set-up and back completely into the space on the left first. Stop and set your brakes.

Step 3 Use one of you hazard triangles and place it in between the two spaces at the opening of the space as shown in the diagram. This will give you a clear reference point dividing the spaces.

Step 4 Now pull forward and do a serpentine to position your vehicle in front of the space to the right. You want to set-up to back into the parking space to the right of the first space you backed into.

Step 5 Follow through by backing completely into the space.

Step 6 Keep track of your backing practice sessions in the table provided.

Keep Track of Your Backing Practice Date Start

TimeEndTime

Where did you get your backing practice?



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Step 7 What do you feel you still need to work on in your backing? Set specific goals with your trainer.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______

En-Route Inspections An en-route inspection is a check of the rig’s systems and controls during the trip. Most often, this is done while fueling or during rest stops. Items checked during en-route inspections are to ensure safety. There are three parts of the en-route inspection:

Vehicle Safety Inspection CargoHazmat (if appropriate)

You are gambling with your safety as well as your paycheck if you do not do en-route inspections.

Once you have the steps down, you can do the inspection in just a few minutes. The time you spend can save HOURS of downtime by avoiding a breakdown.



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En-Route Vehicle Safety Inspection Do a safety inspection every time you stop by following these steps.

En-Route Vehicle Inspection Check all lights on tractor before dark. Check at every stop when driving at night. Check for damage and that they are clean. Check that they work. This includes:

Dashboard lights s)Headlights (high and low beam

Four-way flashers and signal lights (front and rear of tractor)

Turn signals (tractor)

Use an air pressure gauge to check tires on the tractor.On each tire check for the following:

Air pressure of 100 PSI or pressure that is recommended by manufacturer in owner’s

sidewall of tire ing

ppedbetween dual tires

manual or onOverheatDamageTread depth Proper mounting Spacers and remove any objects tra



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En-Ro Vute ehicle Inspection cont.

leaks in the air lines

secured

Check the glad hands Listen for audibleCheck that air and electrical lines are properlyCheck the airsystem

pressure in the air brake

Get out and look eefer at the r

display panel every four hours

matcheserature

Verify the setpoint is correct and the BOL required temp

Check the return air temperature Check for alarm codes

e coupling at the fifth wheel is ed to the tractor

Make sure thsecurely attach

Inspect the: King pin Locking jawsLocking jaw release arm Position of the fifth wheel glide plate Trailer apron



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En-Route Vehicle Inspection cont.

Inspect the brakes by looking for a 90 degree angle and rod travel of 1 ½ to 1 ¾ inchesLook for overheated brakes

Perform the same checks on the trailer tires as those done on the tractor tires.

Check all trailer lights when checking tractor lights:

four-way flashers and signal lights turn signals (trailer sides and rear

including the top of the rear of the trailer)

Check rear doors of trailer for: Security of latch Damage to parts Security of load seal

Check for damage and clean all: GlassMirrorsReflectors



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Cargo InspectionThis inspection is a Federal regulation. Inspect the cargo within the first 25 miles of the trip if possible. Continue to make the periodic cargo safety checks throughout your trip.

Note: A sealed load can only be inspected at the time of loading. DO NOT break a cargo seal to perform an inspection without permission from the claims department.

En-Route Cargo Inspection Examine the cargo for shifting by looking for the trailer leaning to one side or, in the extreme case, bulges on the outside walls of the trailer

Check the rear door, latches, and locks for signs of tampering

Monitor the reefer temperature

Activity – Perform En-Route InspectionsAn en-route inspection is a safety check of the rig’s systems and controls during the trip. Most often, this is done when changing drivers (if a team is driving), while fueling, at a rest stop, or at a weigh station.



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What you should do:

Step 1 This activity requires that you conduct the en-route inspections for the remainder of your apprenticeship. Following is a checklist you can use to remind you of the safety checks that need to be done while en-route.

Hazmat Load InspectionFederal regulation states that you must check tires every:

Time you park OR2 hours OR100 miles

Notify Emergency Road Service immediately if tires are losing air pressure or are overheating.

En-Route Hazmat Inspection Check for overheated tires. If your tires are overheated, cool them immediately and call 800-897-1801 and listen to the prompts to reach Emergency Road Service.

Check the air pressure of all tires. The tires should be cold when you check the pressure. If tire air pressure is below 100 PSI, add air to increase to 100 PSI or as recommended by tire manufacturer.

Check that all required placards are still



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displayed, secure, and clear of debris.

Make sure the tractor and trailer attachment is secure.



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En-Route Inspection Quick ChecklistEn-Route Quick Checklist

1: Tires ___ Check air pressure ___ Overheating ___ Damage ___ Tread depth (steer 4/32”, dual 2/32”) ___ Properly mounted and secure ___ Check spacers for debris between ___ Remove trapped objects between dual tires 2: Trailer Doors ___ Latched securely, seal intact ___ No damaged parts ___ Open and check that cargo is secure (unless sealed) 3: Coupling and Fifth Wheel___ Inspect the kingpin___ Locking jaws ___ Locking jaw release arm ___ Position of the fifth wheel glide plate ___ Condition of the trailer apron 4: Brakes ___ Check the adjustment of the brakes ___ Look for worn / cracked lining ___ Look for wheel seal leaks ___ Check the glad hands ___ Listen for audible leaks in the air lines ___ Check air and electrical lines are properly secured ___ Check the air pressure in the air brakes 5: Vehicle Lights ___ Check for damage ___ Check that they are clean

___ Check that lights work When to check lights:

___ Before dark ___ At night–every stop6: Engine Compartment ___ Look for dripping fluids ___ Windshield washer fluid (if using a lot) 7: Vehicle Glass and Mirrors ___ Check for damage ___ Check that they are clean and clean as needed 8: Reefer – Every 4 hours ___ Verify setpoint is correct ___ Check the return air temperature reading ___ Check for alarm codes

FEDERAL REGULATIONSAfter First 25 Miles of Trip - Cargo Inspection* *A sealed load can only be inspected at the time of loading.

Hazmat loads - Every time you park: set brakes, check all dual tires ___ Check for overheated tires ___ If overheated, cool immediately ___ Check tires for air pressure ___ If tire air pressure is below that recommended by the manufacturer, add air ___ Check that seal is intact ___ Check that placards are still displayed and are secure ___ Examine tractor and trailer attachment *Notify Emergency Road Service that tires have lost air pressure or are overheated.



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The Trailer Refrigeration “Reefer” Unit

Refrigeration is the process of removing heat from a location. In nature, heat always moves towards a cooler location, object, or place. Refrigerated trailers have units mounted on the front (also known as “reefers”) that remove heat to maintain a constant temperature within the trailer. This prevents products from getting too hot or too cold.

A reefer is not designed to change product temperature. Instead, it is designed to keep the load at the same temperature it was when it entered the trailer.

To maintain a steady temperature, a high-volume fan located in the reefer unit blows air around the product inside the trailer. The trailer floor has slats that allow the air to circulate around the product. The air is drawn back to the reefer unit, where the heated air is blown outside. This cycle repeats while the unit is running.



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The refrigeration process is good only if air can move freely all around the loaded product. If air cannot flow freely, a short cycle occurs. When a short cycle occurs, it stops the refrigeration process. You can prevent a short cycle from happening that may destroy your load.

Avoiding a Refrigeration Short Cycle

Ways to Avoid a Short Cycle

Keep the rear threshold of the trailer free of product.

Sweep the floor of the trailer to allow air to circulate freely through the slats.



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Ways to Avoid a Short Cycle cont.

Make sure that the chute at the top of the trailer is in good condition and secure.

Follow height guidelines when stacking product.

Cargo Height GuidelinesMost trailers have a line marked at the top of the van wall indicating the maximum height that product should be stacked. Use this as your guide when loading product.



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Reefer Controller Units Keep in mind there are different reefer units on our trailers. Each type of unit may operate differently. If the reefer unit on your trailer is not one mentioned in this booklet, you may get the operating instructions for other types:

1. In the reefer’s Operator’s Manual (your trainer may have a copy of the manual in the truck)

2. From the document kept on or near the door of the reefer

3. By asking your trainer for help

This booklet covers the operation of the Thermo King SmartReefer2 model.

SmartReefer2 Model The following illustration is the latest model of Thermo King, the SmartReefer2. Many trailers will have this type of reefer unit installed. Thermo King has simplified the control panel from that of past models and made it easier for drivers to operate.



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Here are a few things to keep in mind if your trailer has this reefer controller installed.

Preset Modes On a few trailers, the Claims Department has set up the reefer to run in a continuous mode. If this is true for the trailer you are hauling, do not change the settings. If you have questions call the Driver Service Line to reach the Claims Department.

Pretrip Check The new SmartReefer2 units do not automatically start a pretrip check when you turn the unit on. You will need to activate the pretrip by using the buttons to select Pretrip from the Menu. Then follow the instructions on the control panel to begin the pretrip check.

Maintaining the Reefer Frequent monitoring of the reefer, running a defrost cycle and doing pretrip inspections and diagnostic checks are important parts of a preventative maintenance program



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designed to minimize operating problems, breakdowns, and freight claims.

Frequency of Reefer Maintenance Checks Checks How Often

Reefer Pretrip Check Once a trip

Manual Defrost Cycle If the temperature is 10 degrees higher than setpointBefore loading

Reefer Inspection Once a day

Setpoint, return air temperature and msalar

Every 4 hours

The most important action you can take to make sure the reefer unit works properly is to inspect the reefer unit on a daily basis. This way you will avoid problems that can esult from reefer failures. r

The most important action you can take to avoid a freight claim is every 4 hours verify the setpoint, monitor eturn air temperature, and check for alarms.r

CAUTION If you have a reefer that is not working properly and you are close to your drop off sight, do not take the load to the customer. Instead, call the Claims Department immediately to report your problem.



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Activity – Prepare the Reefer for a Trip AssignmentAs a driver of a refrigerated trailer, you are responsible for the operation of the reefer and safety of the load. This means that prior to departing with a load you are required to run a pretrip check and do an inspection of the reefer unit. Some loads, require that you prepare the trailer by pre-cooling it, sweeping it and washing out the inside.

Reefer Pretrip Check Running a pretrip check on the reefer will let you know if the unit is working properly before getting too far in the loading process.

What you should do:

Step 1 Run a pretrip check using the buttons on the reefer control panel. Follow instructions available inside or near the reefer doors. One of the following three messages will display on the panel:

[PASS TRIP] Green light: unit is ready for use [CHECK TRIP] Amber light: check alarm codes, have inspected[FAIL TRIP] Green and Amber flashing lights: Shutdown alarm, have inspected immediately

Step 2 Make sure you run this check at least 3 times during your apprenticeship. Keep track of your effort in the table provided.



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Keep Track of Pretrip Checks You Do Date Start

TimeEndTime

Location when you did the check

On what reefer model did you do the check?

Initiate Manual Defrost There are times you will need to defrost the reefer. One time is before loading. Defrosting the reefer maintains good airflow over the surface of the reefer’s evaporator coils. Another time may be on the road when you find the return air temperature is 10 degrees higher than the setpoint.

Ice buildup is a natural process that happens during all seasons of the year. It is similar to what happens to the freezer in a home refrigerator. For the reefer to operate at the setpoint, this ice buildup needs to be removed by running a defrost cycle.

What you should do:

Step 1 Run a Manual Defrost using the buttons on the reefer control panel. Follow instructions available inside or near the reefer doors, or in the unit’s operating manual.

Step 2 Make sure you do a manual defrost at least 5 times during your apprenticeship.



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Keep Track of Manual Defrost Starts Date Start

TimeEndTime

Location when you did the defrost

On what reefer model did you do the defrost?

Reefer Inspection

What you should do:

Step 1 Do a reefer inspection using the following checklist. The inspection has two parts: inspecting and servicing the reefer. This will take about 10 minutes to complete. Make sure you do this at least 5 times during your apprenticeship.

Turn off the reefer engine to complete the following checks.

Reefer Daily Inspection Checklist With the engine of the reefer off, verify that the reefer engine oil is at the Full mark when the dipstick is threaded all the way into the oil pan. Never overfill. It takes about six quarts of oil to raise the oil level from the Add mark to the Full mark. The dipstick is under the oil filler cap. Visually inspect the unit for leaks (oil filter), loose or broken parts, and other damage.



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Belts must be in good condition and adjusted to the proper tension.Check the electrical connections to make sure they are securely fastened and free of corrosion, cracks, and moisture. Check the battery terminals to ensure that they are tight and free of corrosion. Check the air restriction gauge. If the yellow indicator is down to the red call Road Service.



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Make sure the condenser and evaporator coils are clean and free of debris. Check the engine coolant. The antifreeze protection must be good to -30 F (-34 C). If you need to add coolant, add it to the expansion tank. Do not remove cap if coolant is hot. Check the defrost drain hoses and fittings to make sure they are open. Make sure that the doors and weather seals on the reefer are in good condition. The doors should latch securely and the weather seals should fit tightly.



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On older controller models, push the controller access door firmly closed to prevent damage to the controller.

Check inside the trailer that the damper in the evaporator air outlets moves freely, with no sticking or binding. Check the interior and exterior of the trailer for damage. Any damage to the walls or insulation must be repaired. Check the fuel level to make sure that there is enough fuel to guarantee the operation of the reefer engine to the next fuel stop. Always add fuel to a reefer on a loaded trailer before dropping it.

Step 2 Keep track of your effort in the table provided.

Keep Track of Daily Reefer Inspections Date Start

TimeEndTime

Locationwhen you did the inspection

On what reefer model did you do the inspection?



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CAUTION Never accept a trailer with a reefer that is not working properly.

Setting the Temperature on the ReeferTo determine the temperature setting for any given load, always use the temperature listed on the Bill of Lading (BOL). The following is an example of a BOL showing the required temperature that product must be kept at for a load. Keep in mind that the BOL is the contract between C. R. England and the shipper (our customer). Refer to the reefer’s Operating Manual for instructions on setting the temperature. If the manual does not exist, ask your trainer how to set the temperature on the reefer.



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Follow the instructions on the BOL for setting the mode to either cycle sentry or continuoMake it a pra

cooling us.ctice to circle the temperature on

Policy on Product Temperature

the BOL and once your arrive at the dock, havethe customer sign next to the circle.

Policy

If there is a difference between the temperature

dlisted on the BOL and the load assignment you receive over the Qualcomm, use the setting listeon the BOL and call the Claims Department immediately to report the difference.

you have any further questions about following the in

Emergency Road Service by using the Qualcomm, Macro 21 or by calling the Driver Service Line for breakdowns of the reefer.

Ifproper reefer operating procedures, or how to continuegeneral, do one of the following:

Refer to your Driver Manual, “Reefer Operation” Use the Operator’s Manual from the manufacturer Call 1-801-974-3293, between the hours of 7 A.M. and 3 P.M. MST, for general questions about the reefer.Contact



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Pre-cooling and Cleaning the Trailer fad Pickup

orLoIf you are required to pre-cool and/or clean the trailer, do these before you arrive at the customer location. Pre-

not fuel.

Time Needed for Pre-Cooling the Trailer o

How lon

etter the

tion of the trailer ooling process until

Before opening the trailer doors when arriving at is

aeed to re-cool the trailer before you begin loading.

cooling the trailer gives the trailer time to get to the correct temperature setting before you begin loading theproducts.

Setting the setpoint a few degrees lower will make the unit cool faster, it only burns more

The co ling process may take between 2 and 6 hours. it takes to cool the trailer depends on: g

Humidity level Outside air temperature How low the reefer has to cool How new the trailer is (the newer the binsulation)

Because the walls, floor, and insulain heat, do not wait to start the creta

you are en-route and/or waiting to pick up product.

the dock, turn off the reefer unit. If the reefer running, the motor on the reefer will force the

cold air out the door and allow warm air in, causing n



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ActiviEvery lo

sureit matches what you receive and what you deliver. As

ture

ty – Set the Reefer Temperature ad you will carry will have a bill of lading

(BOL). A BOL is the contract between C. R. England and the shipper. As a driver, you are responsible for verifying the weight and count of the load and make

well, you are responsible for maintaining the temperaof the load as stated on the BOL.

What you should do:

Step 1 Read the Reefer Unit section to help you complete this activity.

Step 2 On the following examples of bills of lading, need to set the reefer circle the temperature you

to.

Step 3 If noted on the BOL, circle information abthe setting of cycle sent

outry or continuous mode.

Step 4 Look in the back of the booklet to check your answers.



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Bill of Lading #1



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Bill of Lading #2



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Bill of Lading #3



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Checking Load TemperaturesAlways carry a pulp thermometer, and if allowed on the dock, use it to make sure that the true temperature of the product matches the temperature listed on the BOL.

Policy on Checking Load Temperature

Policy

Receiving stop pay and lumper pay is conditional on pulping the load and recording pulped temperature on bill of lading at each pick up. See the Driver Manual, “Compensation, ‘Stop Pay’” and “Loading, ‘Temperature’” for a complete description of this policy.

During Loading It is the driver’s responsibility to ensure the temperature of the load is what is stated on the BOL. If the BOL states that you and C. R. England are responsible, but the customer will not allow you on the dock to pulp the product during loading, get the customer to release C. R. England and you, of responsibility for the load by making a note of this on the shipping documents. Get them to sign next to the note. If they refuse to sign, stay professional in your attitude and immediately report the



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situation by calling the Driver Service Line to reach the Claims Department.

Checking the Temperature of Product During Loading

Take three-pulp temperature readings during loading. Take one reading of product temperature as it is being loaded onto the trailer:

1. At the front 2. In the middle 3. In the back

Check the temperature on a number of different pallets.

Avoid poking a hole in individual product packages when pulping a load. Instead, put the thermometer between the packages in a number of different places on each pallet.

Pulp produce under its skin.

Write the temperature readings on the BOL (not the dock receipt).

Always run the reefer on continuous with ice cream, yeast, produce, and meats. Theseare tricky refrigerated loads, but some of the most important for pre-cooling the trailer. For example, ice cream is generally carried at –20 degrees Fahrenheit. Pulp at least one case on each pallet and pulp it for two minutes. Write



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Checking the Temperature of Product During Loading

the temperature on the BOL.

Claims Department Telephone Number If you have any problems with load temperature or condition, or the shipper refuses to allow you to note incorrect temperatures on the BOL call the Driver Service Line, 800-897-1801, listen for the number option for Claims.

Monitoring and Responding to Reefer AlarmsOver 200 alarms can show up on the reefer display panel.You do not need to remember all of them. Lists of the alarm codes are available in a number of places:

The Driver Manual has a partial list in the “Salt Lake City Yard Services and Procedures” section The reefer Operator’s Manual will have a complete listYour trainer may have a color coded list There is a list inside the reefer doors (if the doors have not been replaced)



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The above listed references describe the reason for the alarm as well as how you should respond in order to save the cargo.

Example of a Reefer Controller Panel Displaying an Alarm

Activity – Monitor the Reefer While En-RouteWhat you should do:

Step 1 Throughout the remainder of your apprenticeship, you are required to monitor the reefer unit. This means every four hours or every time you get out of the cab, whichever is more frequent, you need to interpret the readouts on the reefer’s display panel and respond correctly to avoid a freight claim. You are responsible to monitor the reefer every drive shift you are on for the remainder of your apprenticeship. Look for:



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Setpoint against return air temperature Alarm codes

Step 2 In the table provided, write what you read on the controller panel when you monitor the reefer during the next 5 driving shifts.

Keep Track of Monitoring the Reefer While En-Route

Date Time SetpointTemp.

ReturnAir Temp.

Alarms (if any)

In all cases where reefer unit problems threaten the condition of a load or you are not sure what action to take to resolve a problem with the reefer, immediately call the Driver Service Line to contact Claims Department or Emergency Road Service.

Before you place this call, write down the alarm code number(s) and make note of any other problems you see with the reefer.



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Charging Cable Most of the new units have a charging cable installed into the reefer. The only thing you will need to do is to have the truck pigtail plugged into the trailer and the key turned to On. This eliminates the need to have jumper cables attached to the reefer to keep the tractor batteries from dying. If the reefer unit on your trailer has a charging cable, there will be a red sticker on the front door of the reefer indicating that it has the cable installed.

Check the fuse on the reefer jumper cables. If the fuse has blown, you can get replacements free from the Parts Department.

Managing Fuel Costs

Fuel mileage is the way you can tell if a driver can handle the vehicle smoothly and easily. The driver that is easy on equipment is usually a very efficient fuel user. Each driver should understand three fuel management areas: speed, idling and shifting. Traveling Speed Speed more than anything else has the greatest effect on fuel mileage. It is a generally accepted rule that every mile per hour over 50 decreases MPG by one tenth of a gallon.



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IdlingAllowing a tractor to idle beyond the three-minute “cool down” period is unnecessary and wasteful of fuel. A tractor will use between 1/2 and 1 gallon of fuel per hour during idle. This is zero MPG fuel mileage.

During cold weather, you will burn more fuel. For ideas to control fuel use, refer to Booklet 7, Operating in Severe Cold Conditions.

Progressive Shifting In lower gears while speeding up, it is not necessary to bring engine RPM all the way up to the governed speed before shifting. Doing that uses fuel and serves no purpose. Higher torque engines, such as the one you are driving, require less shifting during pulling too. The engine may be worked harder at lower RPMs for longer periods than earlier engines. You will generally get the best fuel mileage by keeping RPMs in the middle of the range (around 1400 on most Cummins and Detroit Diesel engines).

Fuel OptimizationC. R. England offers a feature on Qualcomm that can help you save on fuel. The name of the program is Fuel



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Optimizer. Fuel optimization is a process where Qualcomm, using real time information, looks at the:

Trip starting point Destination point All points while en-route Current gallons on board Average miles per gallon of the tractor Price of fuel at every stop along a route

The program is triggered at the T-call (*Macros 07 or 36) or the E-call (Macro 05).The information the computer gives the driver is only as correct as the information given to the Qualcomm system. It is critical that you give the correct amount of gallons in the tractor at your empty call. The optimizer uses this information to figure fuel needs to the nearest ¼-gallon. When you read the gallons in the tank, be safe and round up, do not round down.

Monitor Fuel Efficiency Using the QualcommFollowing are the procedures for using the Qualcomm system to help you monitor TIME, FUEL, MILES, MILES PER GALLON, OVER RPM%, OVER IDLE%, and OVER SPEED%.



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Qualcomm Fuel Information Procedures Use the ENTER key to move the cursor from field to field.

Sign On Procedures: • Press VIEW STATUS • Press OPTION

Press the Up OR Down arrow key 4 times • Press 2 • Enter last 6 digits of your Social Security Number • Enter name,

Then press the Enter key.

For Active Driver Information and to Monitor Idle%: • Press VIEW STATUS • Press OPTION

Press the Up OR Down arrow key 4 times • Press 1

The Qualcomm resets for a new week each Thursday morning.

Drivers do not have control over the price of fuel, but they do have some control over how much they spend on fuel. Using the Fuel Optimizer can help drivers monitor how their driving techniques are effecting fuel consumption. One of the biggest fuel wasters, that drivers can control, is keeping a truck idling. Drivers can reduce their fuel cost by lowering the OVER IDLE%. The lower it is the more profitable it is for drivers and C. R. England. By simply turning off your truck and staying at



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or below the company’s target idle percent, you can take home hundreds of dollars extra each year.

If the temperature is extremely hot or cold and you are in your truck, consider this your home and make yourself comfortable. Remember, there is no reason to idle your truck (with the exception of preventing your fuel from jelling in extreme cold) while not in your truck. This is wasteful. This waste costs you, as an independent contractor, and C. R. England thousands of dollars each week. Use the information from the Qualcomm to help you make choices that are more profitable.

Fuel Cards All company and independent contractors are given fuel cards to use at C. R. England specified truck stops. C. R. England has pre-arranged with certain companies to provide our drivers with discounted fuel prices. You can use the fuel cards at these locations.

The following explains how the two types of fuel cards, Comdata and Flying J, are set up for your convenience.

All Fuel Cards (Company and Independent Contractors) Both types of fuel cards have specifications that you need to be aware of to help you plan your trips.



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During every 24-hour period… You can purchase 400 gallons of fuel for your tractor and 75 gallons of fuel for the reefer unit every 24-hour period. For example, if you purchase 250 gallons of fuel for the tractor at 10:10 a.m. on Tuesday, you may purchase a maximum of 150 additional gallons of fuel for the tractor between this time and 10:10 a.m. on Wednesday.

This totals 400 gallons of fuel purchased in a 24-hour period. However, you need to have a space of two hours between fueling. For example, if you stop at 10:10 a.m. on Tuesday to fuel, you must wait until at least 12:10 p.m. on Tuesday to fuel again.

Flying J’s fuel prices are usually good and many independent contractors like to fuel at these truck stops. If you are an independent contractor and

find yourself in a situation where you need to fuel at one of the Comdata facilities in order to get to a Flying J facility, just keep in mind that there needs to be at least 2 hours between stops. If you plan for this, you will not be held-up waiting for time to pass in order to fuel.



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Specifications Unique to Each Type of Fuel Card

Comdata Fuel Card If you use the Comdata card, you are allowed to purchase 1 gallon of oil, antifreeze and windshield washer fluid every 7 days. For example, on Wednesday (December 4), you purchase oil and antifreeze for your tractor. During the next three days, the weather was miserable, a mixture of snow and rain. By Saturday, you are out of windshield washer fluid. While fueling your tractor that day, you purchase a gallon of windshield washer fluid. Based on this information, answer the following question.

When can you again purchase a gallon of:

Oil? ________________

Antifreeze? _____________

Windshield washer fluid? ____________

Look at the following calendar. You can purchase a gallon of each of these items 7 days from the last time the item was purchased. This means you can purchase another gallon of oil and antifreeze on the following Wednesday (December 11) and another gallon of windshield washer fluid on December 14. Pretty simple.



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Flying J Fuel Card You can buy 1 gallon of oil every 7 days from last purchase date when using the Flying J Fuel Card.

Note: If you buy oil using a Comdata fuel card, you must wait for 7 days to pass before you can buy oil from either Flying J or a Comdata facility. This is also true if you buy oil using the Flying J card. You must wait 7 days from the date of purchase to buy oil from either Flying J or a Comdata facility.

Cash Advances Most drivers can get a $100.00 cash advance once a week. The week resets early Sunday morning and happens automatically unless Payroll puts a restriction on cash advances to a specific driver. A restriction to a cash advance can be placed on a driver because of serious debt or money problems the driver may have.



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To get the cash advance, a driver MUST purchase at least 50 gallons of fuel. If 50 gallons of fuel is not purchased and you try to get a cash advance, it will show up as a rejection of the fuel card. If you get a rejection at a truck stop, you will be told, “driver over gallon limit” or “over limit” or something similar to this on the receipt for the fuel.

How many gallons of fuel must you purchase to get a $100.00 cash advance?

_______

If you want to get a cash advance and your tractor tank is full, but you fill the reefer tank, which only holds 30 gallons of fuel, you will not be able to get the cash advance with this purchase. You must purchase 50 gallons of fuel to get the cash advance once a week.

Keep in mind, if you get $100.00 advance for the week from your Comdata fuel card, you will not be able to get an additional advance from the Flying J fuel card. The same holds true if you take the cash advance from the Flying J fuel card, you will not be able to get another advance for the week from the Comdata fuel card.



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Common Problems with Fuel Cards Not WorkingIf your fuel card does not work, it is most likely due to:

Driver code is not dispatched on the truck for the load. The easiest way to check this is to pull the truck number up in the CHECK CALL ENTRY screen on Qualcomm. If the driver code does not show up on the Qualcomm display, your fuel cards will not work. If there is more than one apprentice on a trainer’s truck, the fuel cards for the apprentice listed as the 2nd

apprentice (3rd driver) on the truck will not be activated. The computer has no way of seeing that the additional apprentice is dispatched and therefore their fuel cards will not work until they are dispatched as a CAT 2nd seat or on their own truck after going through the upgrade process. However, DMs can switch who is the 2nd apprentice position. A driver is trying to use the wrong fuel card…this happens a lot. For example trying to use:

o Comdata fuel card at a Flying J facility o Flying J fuel card at a Comdata stop o Comchek Payroll card

Off-Net Fueling by Company Drivers

What is off-net fueling? Any fuel stop that is NOT on the driver’s Qualcomm is considered off-net. You must get permission from the Fuel Manager or your D.M. to fuel at a different fuel



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stop. Use MACRO 28, Off-Net Fuel Request or MACRO 52, After Hours fuel request.

Use the Fuel Optimizer If you receive a Fuel Optimizer on the Qualcomm, that has fuel stops listed, that is where you MUST fuel. It does not matter if a fueling stop is listed on the C. R. England Fuel Map. The ONLY time a company driver should use the C. R. England Fuel Map is if they receive a “NO SOLUTION – USE FUEL MAP” message on the Qualcomm. The only exception to this is if you use the fuel map to find a place to fuel the reefer, but this is only to fuel the reefer.

When is it okay for a company driver to purchase fuel off-net?

________________________________

Consequence of Fueling Off-Net If you are a C. R. England company driver and purchase fuel at a location that is not on the company fuel map, you will be charged a fee for fueling “off-net.” The charge will be at least $15 for each off-net fueling. To protect yourself from these charges, always get permission to buy fuel off-net.



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Lost Fuel Cards Think of these fuel cards as your credit card for fueling your tractor and reefer and purchasing engine fluids. As they say in the commercials, it is priceless, so keep it safe and secure. If you do lose your card, it will be replaced once, without a fee. If you lose it again within a year, you will be charged $5.00 for each card replacement. This does not apply to stolen cards or if the magnetic strip on the back of the card is unreadable. The best advice for your fuel cards is not to lose them. Losing a fuel card could cost you money and valuable time while delayed at a truck stop.

What are the consequences of losing a fuel card? ________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Information about Fuel Maps and Fuel OptimizerTo get a fuel map or find out more about the fuel optimizer, go to the security station or the fuel desk on the 2nd floor in Building 1 in the West Valley City office or the Mira Loma facility.

If you have problems using your fuel cards and you do not think there should be a problem, call the Driver



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Service Line, and listen for options: Other Services, and Fuel or call the After Hours Line for help.

Preventive Maintenance and Repair

The driver is the front line of a good maintenance program. The equipment you operate is the tool you use to perform your duties. You alone are best able to know how well a unit is functioning

You are responsible for the safe and efficient operating condition of your equipment. This requires that you be able to perform basic maintenance while on the road including replacing headlights and adjusting automatic brake slack adjusters, etc.

Keeping Maintenance Costs Down C. R. England needs the full support of everyone to help keep maintenance costs down. Remember, every dollar spent without need is a dollar that is not available to improve paychecks or working conditions. If you feel that the company has not been treated fairly, do not delay in calling or visiting your DM or a maintenance manager to tell them of the problem.



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Driving Techniques to Keep Costs Down Preventive maintenance starts with the way you drive. The inexperienced driver may think driving a truck requires a lot of strength and a heavy hand to operate. Nothing could be further from the truth. The expert driver understands that being easy on the controls is required to handle the vehicle smoothly. When shifts are made, drivers must “finesse” the shift into place. The clutch is used easily and smoothly so the engagement is hardly felt. The brakes are pushed gently and smoothly, always maintaining a very comfortable distance between vehicles. The “smooth driver” takes pride in how gently he or she can treat the equipment, and longer equipment life is proof of the “artist’s” skill.

nd

ing.

Tips for Lowering Maintenance aRepair Costs

Watching down the road for obstacles so you can avoid them keeps the underside of your rig from being damaged.

Keeping your speed down and maintaining enough following distance allows you to slow gradually and not wear out your brakes with sudden, hard brak



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Braking must be done with greater distances in mind. Preparation for stopping at lights and stop signs must begin sooner. To extend the life of your brakes, come off the top of a hill at a slower speed and maintain that slower speed until you see the bottom of the hill, especially if the hill is unfamiliar to you. Longer brake application intervals at lower application pressure will create less heat on the brakes. Hard braking, coming off a hill, will create brake heat very quickly. Let gravity help you slow your vehicle before you crest the hill. As you come down the hill, using your engine brake will extend the life of you brake pads. Keeping an eye on your gauges helps you see early signs of problems so they can be corrected before serious engine damage occurs. Smoothness and a soft touch when shifting gears are more important than speed in the life of your transmission and in driving safely.

Never give up the safety of the vehicle or the life of the transmission for the sake of a quick shift.

Human Mistakes, We All Make Them Emergency Road Service receives calls regularly that are not related to equipment breakdown. They are related to



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humans being human and making mistakes. Calling for emergency road service can be very expensive for the company as well as for you. A tow can cost anywhere from $250 to $3,000. This does not take into account the time lost, which on the average is three to five hours of downtime.

Following are a few tips to avoid making silly mistakes.

Getting Stuck New drivers sometimes misjudge the weight of their vehicle and how easily their vehicle can get stuck in dirt, gravel or sand. Avoid making judgments about the strength of the surface from inside the truck. Get out and look. You are in an 80,000-pound vehicle that can easily get stuck. A professional driver knows that getting off pavement nearly always results in a tow.

Do not park on packed dirt, sod, or gravel parking lots even if you see other large trucks parked in these areas. While it may look OK, some spots in the lot may be harder than other spots, some trucks may be lighter than yours may be, and weather can change quickly turning a dirt surface into a mud hole. (Refer to Booklet 7, A Safe Place to Wait It Out for recommendations on pulling over during bad weather conditions.)

Attempts at making a U-turn often result in trucks getting stuck and needing an expensive and unnecessary tow. Read Booklet 5, “U-Turns Should Be a Last Resort,” for alternatives to making a U-turn.



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Forgetting to Check the Fuel LevelCheck your fuel level often. Check your trip plan as well as a map to ensure you can make it to the next scheduled fuel stop on the amount of fuel you have. Do not bypass scheduled fuel stops or fuel less than recommended.

Forgetting to Release the Trailer Brakes If you do not have a load, it is easy to forget to release the brakes. You are used to feeling a pull when you first take off and, when you do not have a load, it is easy to forget that the pull you may be feeling is because the trailer brakes are still engaged.

Losing Your Key Keep an extra truck key in a safe place. A good place to keep an extra key to the tractor is on your person. Use a light chain or string to keep an extra key around your neck, or keep one in your wallet.

Dead Batteries The reserve power of your truck batteries is limited. You may not be able to start your truck if you use too much battery power while the truck engine is not running (and not charging the batteries). The easiest way to save battery power is to make sure equipment that is not needed is off (i.e. refrigerator, marker lights) when the truck is parked.



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Every piece of equipment you use that runs off the battery is using a specific amount of amperage. Amperage is the amount of charge that is being used from the battery. There is also another value, amperage hours (amp hours). An amp hour refers to the amount of time that an item can operate based on the life of the battery charge. The four batteries on your tractor-trailer have a combined maximum of 100 or less amp hours before the low voltage disconnect is set off.

If you use too much power and drain the battery down to 12.2 volts, a low voltage warning (a buzzer) will go off for a few seconds. When you hear the buzzer, you will lose inside lights, plugs, and Qualcomm. The tractor will be able to start with 12.2 volts. To get things working again, start your truck to get the voltage up to 13 volts. In warm weather, it will take about 8 hours to charge the batteries fully; in cold weather, it will take even longer. If the battery is drained lower, to say 11.5 volts, there will not be enough electrical power to start the engine. In this case, call Road Service.

Special Reefer Jumper Cables

Some trailers are equipped with a tractor battery charging system that will help keep your tractor batteries charged as long as the reefer is running and the tractor key is turned to ON. These



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trailers have a red sticker on the front of the reefer door. If the trailer you are pulling does not have this system, you will need to connect jumper cables from the reefer to your tractor batteries to help keep them charged when you are stopped. You will need a special set of smaller jumper cables to use for this purpose. If connected when you first stop, the reefer can help the truck batteries stay charged, but it is not powerful enough to fully charge the tractor batteries once they have run down.

If you do not know how to connect the jumper cables, stop and speak with the shop or call the Driver Service Line to reach Emergency Road Service.

Always disconnect the jumper cables connected to the reefer BEFORE starting your vehicle.

The chart below will help you figure amp hours available. Add up the amps of the appliances running and then divide the total amps in use into 100 to figure the amount of time the items can be in use.

For example, if you wanted to run:

Qualcomm 2.0 Dome lights 1.0 Alarm clock 0.5 Electric blanket 5.0 30-quart refrigerator 6.5 VCR 2.0 Coffee maker +13.0 30.0

You would be able to run all of these for a little over 3 hours.

100.0 ÷ 30.0

= 3.3 hours



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The following list goes over the power needed to run various 12-volt DC items.

The “Cost” of Running Accessories Item (12-volt DC powered) Battery Draw (Amps)AIRTRONIC air heater 0.67 – 2.8 7- Quart Refrigerator 5.530 - Quart Refrigerator 6.536 - Quart Refrigerator 8.5Bed Warmer 3.0Beverage Heater 7.0Cabin Blower (High) 25.2Cabin Blower (Low) 11.5Car Seat Heater 7.0Coffee Maker 13.0Color Television 3.0Digital Alarm Clock 0.5Dome Lights 1.0Electric Blanket 5.0Fluorescent Interior Lights 0.5Fluorescent Lantern 0.5Hair Dryer 12.0Halogen Spot Light 4.0Headlights & Marker Lights 20.0Interior Light Bar 1.3Qualcomm 2.0Utility Light 7.0VCR 2.0Windshield Defroster 6.0

Tractor Auxiliary Heaters To help you save fuel, a Webasto or Espar heater is put into all company trucks. These heaters are there so you do not have to idle the truck to stay warm.



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To save fuel, a sensor on the engine only allows the tractor to idle for three minutes when the outside air temperature is +30 to 65 degrees F. Once the tractor shuts down, you will need to turn on the heater. These backup heaters use battery power. In order not to run the tractor battery down, hook up your reefer jumper cables from the reefer battery to the truck batteries while using backup heaters.

Preventive Maintenance TroubleshootingUse the following tables to troubleshoot things you see, hear, feel and smell while driving or inspecting your vehicle. Noticing and correcting problems early will prevent lengthy downtime and costly repairs down the road.



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If You See…



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If You Hear…



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If You Feel…



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If You Smell…



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Activity – Take Preventive Maintenance StepsTaking preventive maintenance steps on your vehicle will save you time and money in the end. Here is a chance to get yourself into the routine of doing simple maintenance checks and performing minor repairs that will be required of you once you become a solo driver.

What you should do:

Step 1 For this activity, take preventive maintenance measures on your vehicle over the next five days. Use the list of checks provided in the following table.

Step 2 Use the following table to note the checks as you complete each one. Be honest when you fill out the table. The purpose of this activity is to help you become aware of what needs to be done to take preventive maintenance steps and help you get in the habit of doing them regularly. It is a very helpful habit that will lead to your success as a driver. You can only improve when you know what you need to work on.



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Measure Taken and/or Repair Made

Dat

e

Dat

e

Dat

e

Dat

e

Dat

e

Check & service engine: - fuel (each time you get into the rig, know how much fuel you have) - oil - coolant - filters

Check & service reefer: - fuel - oil - coolant - battery

Check tire pressure and add air if needed: - tractor - trailer

Check tire depth and wheel mounting Perform simple repairs as necessary:

- change light bulbs - add coolant to radiator reservoir - add windshield washer fluid - add power steering fluid

Check grommets on glad hands (air lines) Connect reefer jumper cables to reefer battery for backup Check for leaks:

- transmission - wheel seals

Check brake linings

Step 3 Review the material in the section on preventive maintenance. This section has ideas for maintaining your equipment as well as a



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troubleshooting guide you will find helpful throughout your career.

Answers to Activities

Activity – Set the Reefer Temperature The following BOLs have the required reefer temperature circled.

Bill of Lading #1



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Bill of Lading #2



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Bill of Lading #3



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Booklet Quiz

Activity – Take a Quiz Using the QualcommWhat you should do:

Once you have completed the activities for this booklet, you are required to take a quiz using Qualcomm Macro 49. You will be answering about 15 questions on the quiz. Plan to spend about ½-hour logged on Line 4, On Duty, to take this quiz.

Comments and Suggestions We welcome your suggestions for improvements and additions to this booklet. If you find any mistakes, such as typos or incorrect numbers or incorrect statements, in this booklet, please notify us. We want to get it right for everyone. Please forward suggestions or comments to:

Email: [email protected]

Qualcomm extension: 3556



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MOdule C training - C.R. England Inc.. OTR Training … · C.R. England Job Opportunities Professional Apprentice Driver Series - Module C Page 1 Booklet 6 Objectives Completing all