Mohan Munasinghe Millennium Consumption Goals MCGs Can Preserve the Planet Protect the Poor and Promote Prosperity

8/13/2019 Mohan Munasinghe Millennium Consumption Goals MCGs Can Preserve the Planet Protect the Poor and Promote Prosperity

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M I N D Munasinghe Institute for Development

Millennium Consumption Goals (MCGs)

can preserve the planet, protect the poor

and promote prosperity

Professor Mohan Munasinghewww.mohanmunasinghe.com

Chairman, Munasinghe Institute for Development (MIND), ColomboProfessor of Sustainable Development, SCI, Univ. of Manchester, UK

Distinguished Guest Professor, Peking University, ChinaShared the 2007 Nobel Prize for Peace (Vice Chair, IPCC-AR4)

Paper presented at the

Club of Rome International Conference onFuture of Energy and Interconnected Challenges in the 21st Century

Basel, 17 October 2011


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Example of Resource Shortage: Peak Oil

& Bridging the Oil Demand-Supply Gap

Past Production of Oil

ForecastProduction

Demand

Growth

Deprivation, war

City design/lifestyle

Pricing / taxes

Transportmode shifts

Efficiency

Other petroleum fuelsgas, tar-sands

Other fuels

Gbbls/year

0

10

20

30

40

50

0

10

20

30

40

50

1930 1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050


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Climate Change IPCC AR4 Main Findings Global warming in unequivocal. Total radiative forcing of the climatenow is unprecedented in several thousand years, due to rising

concentrations of GHG (CO2, CH4 & NO2).

Humans activities since the 18th century are very likely to have caused net

warming of Earths climate, dominating over the last 50 years. More temp.

and sea level rise is inevitable, even with existing GHG concentrations. Long term unmitigated climate change would likely exceed the capacityto adapt, of natural managed and human systems.

Adaptation measures are available, but must be systematically developed

Mitigation technologies are also available, but better policies andmeasures (PAM) are needed to realize their potential.

Poor countries and poor groups are most vulnerable to warming,sea level rise, precipitation changes and extreme events. Most socio-

economic sectors, ecological systems and human health will suffer. Making development more sustainable (MDMS) is the mosteffective solution - by integrating climate change policy intosustainable development strategy.


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WHAT ARE OUR VALUESAND HOW WELL DO WEESTABLISH PRIORITIES ?

Dealing with the Triple CrisisBubbles


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Financial Markets

Productive Economic Assets

Bubbles

Triple crisis bubbles driven by greed enjoy now & pay later 1A few get rich quickly, many innocents pay a heavy price afterwards

e.g., 2008

asset crisis


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Financial Markets


Bubbles


Growth2008 asset

crisis

Poverty

Inequity


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Financial Markets


Bubbles

Bio-geo-physical Resources

Externalities


Growth2008 asset

crisis

Climate

change

Poverty

Inequity


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Financial Markets


Bubbles

Bio-geo-physical Resources

Externalities


HumanValues

/Choices

GrowthGovt. Bailout >$5 tri ll ion (1012) Aid/yr ~$100 billion (109)

2008 asset

crisis

Climate

change

Few billion $

Poverty

Inequity

Asset bubble >$100 trillion (1012), Global GDP $60 tri ll ionWorld Military Expenditures: $1.5 tril lion in 2010


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Poverty, Inequity, PandemicsEnvironmental degradationResource Shortage, ConflictSocial polarization, Terrorism

Climate Change

Unrestrained market forces increase risk of conflict (erosion of

ethical & moral values underpinning civilization)

Chaos, Break-downConflict, rivalry and

competition for

resources overwhelm all

efforts to impose order

Fortress WorldLocal, regional & global groups

protect their interests within enclaves

How will we cope with such a

world?

Barbarization: We need MCGs to avoid this risky future


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THE WAY FORWARD


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Asset crisis: have we learnt from experience?Are we not returning to business as usual?

2009

FinancialSector

JoblessPoor

2010-11


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Better Use of the Momentum for Change

1.Build for long term. Make Development MoreSustainable -- with balanced consideration ofsustainable development triangle (economic,

social and environmental elements). Transcendconventional boundaries using innovative,holistic, integrative approaches.

2.Transform global governance structure. Reformmarket regulation. Make UN system more effective& responsive. Make IMF/World Bank more

inclusive. Give more weight to G20 (with advicefrom B20, C20, etc.)


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Global Economic Balance Shifting

Towards Emerging EconomiesFor the past decade, emerging and developingeconomies have grown over 5% faster thanadvanced economies. The global balance ofeconomic momentum has shifted.

US, Europe and Japan are still struggling to comeout of the financial crisis, and facing major issuesincluding low growth and high debts.

Emerging economies like China, India and Brazilare forging ahead after only minor initial downturns in growth.


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Way Forward - A Long Term Vision of SD: 1Levels

Main

Issues

(surface)

Indicators

Poverty, Inequity, Exclusion,

Resource Conflicts, Harm to

Environment (including CC)

Human Interventions

High risk from unrestrained,

myopic market forces (Washington

consensus, globalisation etc.)

Reactive: piecemeal - mainly govt.

Source: Munasinghe (2007), IPCC, MA, GTI

Now

Time

Business-as-usual poses unacceptablerisks for the future


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Main

Issues

(surface)

Immediate

Drivers

(sub-surface)

Indicators




Consumption Patterns

Production/Technology

Population

Governance

Human Interventions





Making development moresustainable (MDMS) with

systematic policy reform to manage

market forces (Sustainomics)

Proactive: integrated, harmonious

approach - govt., business, civil soc.


Now

Transition

Time

The SD transition requires integratedsolutions to multiple problems


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Main

Issues

(surface)

Immediate

Drivers

(sub-surface)

Underlying

Pressures(deep)

Indicators






Population

Governance

Basic Needs

Social Power Structure

Values, Perceptions, Choices

Knowledge Base

Human Interventions










Fundamental global sustainable

dev. transition catalysed by grass

roots citizens movements, & driven

by social justice, ethics and equity,innovative leadership, policies, info.

flows, tech. (new SD paradigm)

Proactive: civil soc., business, govt.


Now

Transition

Long Term

Time


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Immediate

Drivers

(sub-surface)

Indicators



Population

Governance







Transition

Time Human Interventions

We need integrated policies addressingmany issues within national SD strategy


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WHY ?

HOW ?

is business-as-usual risky for humanity

We face multiple economic, environmental andsocial threats, while responses are inadequate

can we move forward to transform dangerouscurrent trends into a safer and better future

Start the transition by making development more

sustainable (MDMS)


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HOW DO WE GET THERE ?

Addressing Complex, Multiple,Interlinked Sustainable Development

issues within the IntegratedSUSTAINOMICS Framework


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Core Concept 1: Make Development More Sustainable

with EMPOWERMENT, ACTION & FORESIGHTThere are many definitions of sustainable development, and its

precise meaning still remains elusive (and perhaps unreachable).

PRACTICAL TEST FOR HUMAN ACTIONS:Does the activity make development more (or less) sustainable?

Making development more sustainable (MDMS) is a more practical

incremental strategy that is easiersimpler implement because manyunsustainable activities are easier to recognize and eliminate.

Parallel track strategy:

1. Short to medium term make development more sustainable

(apply best practice).2. Long term - aim for ideal goal of sustainable development

(identify next practice).


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Lets move forward NOW!! If

we climb uphill, we will

reach the peak eventually

We cannot see the peak!!

Lets stop to discuss &

analyze how to reach it.

Sustainable DevelopmentPeak including climate

change (covered by clouds)

Many obviously unsustainable practices exist today.MDMS encourages us to eliminate them NOW! Examplesinclude energy wastage and deforestation.

EMPOWERED to Make Development More

Sustainable (MDMS) BEST PRACTICEANALYSING SD and CC

NEXT PRACTICE


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MDMS: Producers & Corporate

Social Responsibility (CSR) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concept whereby

companies voluntarily cater to the interests of societybytaking responsibility for the impact of their activities oncustomers, suppliers, employees, shareholders, communitiesand the environment in all aspects of their operations.

This obligation is seen to extend beyond the statutory andconventional obligation to comply with legislation and seek

profits.

This approach is becoming formalized through sustainabilityaccounting and reporting that focuses on the triple bottomline (financial, social and environmental).


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Development- Sectors (Agriculture, Energy, Industry,

Transport, Health, etc.)- Systems (Environmental, ecological, etc.)

- Communities (Poor, Vulnerable, etc.)

Sustai

nableDe

v.

(Social,Economic,Environmen

tal)

Env

ironment

(natura

lvariability)

SCP

MDMS: Govt.-National Level IntegrationMake decision makers see climate change as a key element

of the national sustainable development strategy


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Ecosystem

Ecological

Services

SolarEnergy Radi

ated

Energ

y

The capacity of the ecosystem may become overloaded by the growing

socio-economic subsystem (broken lines).

Nat.Res.Energy Was

tes

Pollutio

n

Socioeconomic

Subsystem

MDMS: Global restructuring (not reduction)

of development and growth - 1


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MDMS: Global restructuring (not reduction)

of development and growth - 2(integrating CC into SD - rounding the rectangle)

Socioeconomic

Subsystem

Socioeconomic

Subsystem

Unsustainable Sustainable

Ecosystem Ecosystem

C C 2 H i h SD T i l f


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M I N DMunasinghe Institute for Development

Economic

Social empowerment/governance

inclusion/consultation

institutions/values

Environmental resilience/biodiversity

natural resources

pollution

Sustainable Development Triangle harmonising key elements andinterconnections (corners, sides and centre) Source: Munasinghe [1992], Rio Earth Summit

growthefficiency

stability

Core Concept 2: Harmonise the SD Triangle forBALANCE & INTEGRATION - 1


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ENERGY

Supply technology-oriented, energy analysis, technical efficiency,thermodynamic laws, etc.


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ENERGYECONOMY


Supply-demand balance, price and income elasticity of demand,cost-benefit analysis, least cost investment planning, demandmanagement, long run marginal cost pricing, etc.


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ENERGYECONOMY



Poverty, equity, basic energy needs, affordability, social assessment

SOCIETY


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ENERGYECONOMY

ENVIRON

-MENT



Poverty, equity, basic energy needs, affordability, social assessment

Environmental and social assessment, valuation, extended CBA,multi-criteria analysis, integrated national energy planning andpricing, multi-sector macro-models, etc.

SOCIETY

SED F k i t i t


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Economic

Social empowerment

inclusion/consultation

institutions/governance

Environmental resilience/biodiversity

natural resources

pollution

intr

a-generational

equity

basic

needs/liv

eliho

ods

inter-generational equity values/culture

valu

ation/in

ternalisatio

n

inciden

ceofim

pacts

Sustainable

Energy

Development

(SED)

Poverty-Equity

Sustainable Development Triangle - key elements and interconnections

(corners, sides and centre) Source: Munasinghe [1992], Rio Earth Summit

growth

efficiency

stability

SED Framework society, economy, environment


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Assets for Sustainable Consumption & Production

Social

Capital

Human Made

Capital

Natural

CapitalSocial Capital

Human

Cultural

Sustainable

EnergyDevelopment

Source: Munasinghe (1992), Rio Earth Summit


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Key role played by Social Capital embedded in

Civil Society: ignored, undervalued, invisible

At individual level: is built on personal networksthat help us enormously in our private and

professional lives.

At community and national levels: is the invisibleglue that binds society together involving values-ethics, culture, behaviour, and social linkages.

Indigenous knowledge and culture is often animportant but unrecognised source of social capital.


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Core Concept 3: Transcend Boundaries with

INNOVATION & FRESH IDEAS

Values replace unsustainable, unethical values Disciplinary complex issues need all disciplines

Space spans local to global scales

Time spans days to centuries Stakeholder need to include all stakeholders

Operational full cycle from data to application

Unsustainable Elements in SD Triangle


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Unsustainable Elements in SD Triangle

Social

Capital

Economic Debt

Unsustainable

borrowing to

support

consumption

Environmental

Debt

Unsustainable

cons. & prod,depleted NR

Social Values

Greed, Selfish

Individualism,

Elitism

Drivers of

UnsustainableDevelopment

Source: Adapted from Munasinghe (1992), Rio Earth Summit

T di U t i bl V l


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M I N DMunasinghe Institute for Development Sustainable Consumption Institute SCI

University of Manchester

Build essential ethical and moral values

(especially among youth)

Greed and selfishness are unsustainable

Selflessness, altruism, enlightened self-

interest, and respect for nature will makedevelopment more sustainable

Transcending Unsustainable Values

Ethical Dimensions of Climate Change 2006

Interfaith Declaration on Climate Change 2009


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Transcending Stakeholder Boundaries to Build

Cooperation for Sustainable Development

Social

Capital

Business

Govern-

ment

Civil

Society

Coalition forSustainable

Development

Promote positive interactions among government, civil society andbusiness to strengthen local, national and global governance


Transcending Operational Barriers


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Transcending Operational Barriers

Needs Better Stakeholder Cooperation Global

Regional National

Local

Community

Individual

Pragmatic balance between subsidiarity andintegration is essential

Integration

Subsidiarity

Top Down

Bottom upSpecificProjects

Strategy-Policy

Core Concept 4: Full cycle application of integrative


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There are many practical analytical

tools and policy options to integrate CCresponses into SD strategy (from global

to local levels)

There are many available case studies

and best practice examples involving

sustainomics applications

Core Concept 4: Full cycle application of integrative

tools, from data gathering to practical policy

IMPLEMENTATION


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Choosing Appropriate SD Indicators- Social

- Environmental- Economic

- Institutional

many indicators are available; thus correct

choice is critical for specific task at hand

I t ti l ti l t l d ti l li ti


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M I N DMunasinghe Institute for DevelopmentMunasinghe Institute for Development

M I N D

Integrative Analytical Tools

1. Restructuring Growth to Make

Development More Sustainable (MDMS)

2. Optimisation and Durability

3. SD Analysis (Macro Level)

4. Action Impact Matrix (AIM)

5. Green Accounting (SEEA-SNA)

6. Integrated Models (IAM, CGE, etc.)

7. SD Analysis (Micro Level)

8. Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA), Cost-Benefit

Analysis (CBA) and Economic Valuation

9. SD Indicators

Application

LevelsA. Global-

transnational

B. National-

macroeconomic

C. Subnational-sectoral

D. Local-project

Integrative analytical tools and practical applications

(linking across global, national and local levels)

Linkag

esAcrossLevels

WHY ? i b i l i k f h it


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WHY ?

WHAT ?

HOW ?

examples exist of integrated responses to issues

Many tools & best practice applications alreadyexist worldwide: SCP and MCG are key tools

is business-as-usual risky for humanity

We face multiple economic, environmental andsocial threats, while responses are inadequate

can we move forward to transform dangerouscurrent trends into a safer and better future

Start the transition by making development more

sustainable (MDMS)


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Global Application: CopenhagenCOP15 (Dec. 2009) Challenge

Making Development More

Sustainable via Tunneling:

Potential Post-Kyoto Framework

for Jointly Managing ClimateRisk & Right to Develop

Climate Justice Equitable Allocation


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Climate Justice Equitable Allocation

of Per Capita Carbon Emissions

Adaptation Burden & Equity: CC SDAd t ti i th fi t i it f d l i t i th t


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Adaptation is the first priority of developing countries that

are most vulnerable to climate change. Help is also crucial. Climate change is likely to impact disproportionately

upon the poorest countries and the poorest personswithin all countries, exacerbating inequities in health status

and access to adequate food, clean water and other resources. Net economic effects will be negative in most developing

countries

Impacts will be worse - many areas are already flood anddrought prone, and economic sectors are climate sensitive

Lower capacity to adaptbecause of a lack of financial,institutional and technological capacity, and access toknowledge

Per capita GHG emissions and population 2004

Mitigation Responsibility & Equity: SD CC


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p p pg p y q yMitigation leadership is the main responsibil ity of industrial

countries with high per capita GHG emissions

Annex 1 avg.

Non-Annex I avg.

MDMS via Tunneling & global cooperation to


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ClimateRisk

(e.g.percapitaGHG

emis

sions)

Development Level (e.g. per capita income)

manage Climate Risk & Right to Develop - 1

Source: M. Munasinghe (1995) "Making Growth More Sustainable,"Ecological Economics, 15:121-4.

Poor

Middle Income

Rich Today

MDMS via Tunneling: global cooperation to


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ClimateRisk

(e.g.percapitaGHG

emis

sions)


manage Climate Risk & Right to Develop - Step 2


Poor

Middle Income

Rich

Incentives/resources for developing countries1. Adaptation fund (safety net) for poorest and

most vulnerable.

Transform -

Decarbonise

MDMS via Tunneling: global cooperation to


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M I N DMunasinghe Institute for DevelopmentMunasinghe Institute for Development

ClimateRisk

(e.g.percapitaGHG

emis

sions)


manage Climate Risk & Right to Develop - Step 3


Poor

Middle Income

Rich

Incentives/resources for developing countries1. Adaptation fund (safety net) for poorest and

most vulnerable.2. Technology cooperation/support to leapfrog

Leapfrog

Transform -

Decarbonise


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Sustainable Consumption &

Production Pathway (SCP) toSustainable Development (SD)

Millennium Consumption Goals(MCG) are important tool

Sustainable Consumption & ProductionPath to Sustainable Development


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Consumers, business and climatechange

Principal authors:Mohan Munasinghe, Partha Dasgupta, Dale Southerton,Alice Bows, Andrew McMeekin

Editor: Gabrielle Walker

Path to Sustainable Development

SCI Launch Meeting in London Oct. 2009Report endorsed by participants including: CEO Forum: Heads of f irms like TESCO, Coca Cola, Unilever, Reckitt-Benckiser, Johnson SC, Nestle, Danone, and others ~ one tril lion $ of annual sales

Senior Political Figures (including David Cameron, UK Prime Minister) Leading Academics and Environmental NGOs

Paper


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WHY WE URGENTLY

NEED MILLENNIUMCONSUMPTION GOALS

(MCGs)

www.millenniumconsumptiongoals.org

No. of Earths to meet Human ConsumptionI 2010 d 1 5 th b 2030 l t 2 E th


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Num

berofEarths

Sustainable

BAU

In 2010 we need 1.5 earths; by 2030 almost 2 Earths

Unsustainable

oneearth

2010 2030

Unfair World Income Distribution 2000Ch Gl


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Champagne GlassThe richest fifth of theWorlds Population receives83% of the Worlds Income

One fifth of the

Worlds Population

The poorest fifth of the WorldsPopulation receives 1.4% of total

World Income

Ratio of 60:1between

highest and

lowest 20% !!

83%

Addressing Issues of Poverty and Wealth:Sustainable Consumption & Production


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ClimateRisk

(e.g.percapitaGHG

emissions)


Sustainable Consumption & Production


Poor

Middle Income

Rich

Incentives/resources for developing countries1. Adaptation safety net for poorest and most

vulnerable.2. Technology cooperation/support for mitigation

Transform -

Decarbonise

Leapfrog

Food for a Week:


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Food for a Week:Affluent FamilyUnsustainable musttransform/decarbonize

towards sustainablity:MillenniumConsumption Goals

Source:Source: MenzelMenzel, 2005, 2005

Poor FamilyUnsustainable/Unethical must leapfrog/tunnel toprosperity: Millennium

Development Goals

Economic Goal in the SD Triangle is Crowding Out

Social and Environmental Goals Unsustainable!


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Social

Capital

Economic Goal

(Growth of MaterialOutput and Consumption

by the Rich)

Environmental

Goal (Protect

Nature)

Social Goal

(Protect the Poor

and Weakest)


Social and Environmental Goals Unsustainable!

The consumption of the rich is destroying theglobal natural resource base and crowding out


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global natural resource base and crowding out

development prospects of the poor.As resources (like energy, water and food)become scarce, the market solution is for

prices to rise but this will simply rationresources in favour of the rich and deprive thepoor of even their basic needs. Recent world

events show that deprivation leads to violence

We can protect the poor, preserve nature andpromote prosperity by complementing the MDGswith Millennium Consumption Goals to make the

rich consume more sustainably.

Millennium Consumption Goals


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1.Target group:Top 20% percentile of global income earners

2. Main MCGs aim to reduce:Carbon emissionsEnergy useWater usePollution & Waste (air, water, solid and toxic waste)Land use and Biodiversity

3. Other MCGs:

Food, diet and health, lifestyles, livelihoods and work,financial system, long term fundamental shifts in behaviour

Basic Concepts

Millennium Consumption Goals (MCG):Advantages of New Pathway to Sustainability


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g y y

1. Targeted: 20% of richest percentile (1.4 billion people) account for >80% ofconsumption. Small changes towards sustainable consumption can reduceburden on environment

2. Soft Multilevel Strategy Bottom Up & Top Down: Seeks to influence voluntarybehaviour at individual, community, city, enterprise, regional, and country

levels. Complements top-down policy, global targets (UN, govt.). Middle levelpolicymakers (mayors, CEOs, etc.) play key bridging role.

3. Complements MDG: Builds MCG-MDG links & protects consumption of poor

4. Fractal and Subsidiary: Basic concept unchanged (like snowflake) and effective

implementation possible at finer levels of detail.

5. Faster Response: Provides quicker results compared to top down governmentpolicies and long term industrial investments. Momentum build up over time.

6. Transnational: Cuts across national boundaries and avoids self-interest based

approach of governments and interest groups

7. Motivation: Rich are key stakeholders acting with enlightened self-interest,

better education, more influence and resources

8. Integrates Sustainable Consumption and Production: Links with producers and

global supply chains

MCG Path to SCP, GE and SD


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MCG

Sust. Cons.& Prod.

Green Econ.

Sust.

Dev.

Agreed &VoluntaryMCG

BuildingBlocks

Rooms Castle

,

Millennium Consumption GoalsInitiative (MCGI) & Network (MCGN)


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The Millennium Consumption Goals Initiative (MCGI) was launched tomove this idea forward. It is being pursued by a broad coalition ofstakeholders - the MCG Network (MCGN). It is action-oriented, multi-level, pluralistic and transnational. The MCGI seeks to be as inclusive aspossible, and follows aflexible, multi-track approach. It is movingforward in the UN. Meanwhile, action is being taken NOW by individuals,families, communities, enterprises, cit ies, regions and countries. Thesepioneers are already developing their own specific versions of MCG,

implementing them, and monitoring and reporting progress - there is noneed to wait for broad multilateral agreements at the UN-global level!Thus, MCG is being pursued by the will ing, at whatever level theychoose, and focusing on the goals they prefer carbon emissions isthe favourite, but energy and water are also attractive. A broaderenabling framework of goals and policies will emerge gradually fromdiscussions at UN/govt. level. Support MCGI, Set Voluntary MCG !

Initiative (MCGI) & Network (MCGN)

Pioneering Voluntary MCG


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Cities and CommunitiesCity of Munich, Germany1. By 2030, to halve per capita CO2 emissions in relation to 1990.2. By 2025, to meet all Munichs electr icity demand from renewable energy.

Naestved Community, DenmarkBy 2030, reduce carbon emissions by 50%.

BusinessNovozymes, Denmark

By 2015, reduce CO2 emissions by 75 million tonnes through customers

application of Novozymes products relating to bioenergy, agriculture,household care and industrial processes

Academic and ResearchMunasinghe Institute for Development, Sri Lanka

From 2011 onwards, become 100% carbon neutral

Civil SocietyA number of individuals have declared their personal MCG targets.


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UN Agenda

1. Proposal Jan. 2011 at UNCSD 2012 PrepCom

2. Launch meeting at CSD19 sessions May 2011

3. Invited speech to Ministers at High Level

sessions at CSD19 May 20114. Workshop at UNDPI, Bonn Sept. 2011

5. To be discussed at UNCSD 2012 (Rio+20 Earth

Summit)

Top Down and Bottom Up


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Chapeau paragraph summarizing MCG idea

UN mandate (Rio+20) endorsed by Governments

8-10 broad areas suitable for MCGs

General outline by consensus (inputs from experts)

Specific goals and moniterable targets

Start with voluntary MCGs by cities, communities andcompanies, followed by formal govt. commitments

approaches can go in parallel


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Sustainable Consumption empowers householdsInfluence peoples behaviour to promote sustainable change


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M I N D

Empower and motivate using prices, labelsinformation, psychology and advertising.

Change values, habits and socio-cultural

contexts to shift to low-carbon products and

behaviour. Eg., public attitude to smoking

Adapt material and physical elements of

production - goods and infrastructures are

inter-connected

Using MCGs, social capital embedded within individuals andcommunities, can be better mobil ized, organized, and empowered

to work synergistically with business and influence government, tomake development more sustainable (MDMS)!

Individual

Community

Producer


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Take charge of your life!Better if you define meaningfulconsumption rather than letting

meaningless consumptiondefine you

Sustainable Production: Insights fromWorkshops on Business & Sustainability for


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p y

Senior Managers of Leading Multinationals

Recent Examples: BASF, Germany (Chemicals)

TESCO, UK (Supermarkets)

Unilever, Coca Cola, Reckit-Benkeiser, Johnson SC,Danone, Nestle (Retail)

Petrobras, Brazil (Energy, Oil and Gas) OPEC (energy, oil and gas)

Sime Darby, Malaysia (Plantations Conglomerate)

Novozymes, Denmark (Biotechnology)

Vale, Brazil (Mining) Siemens, Shanghai Electric Group (Heavy Industry)


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PRODUCTION - Life cycle analysis of carbon

emission hot spots along the supply/value chain: 2


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p g pp y

Source: Adapted from Munasinghe et al. (2009)

0%1%5%47%19%28%Orange Juice (Brazil freshly squeezed 1L)

1%95%1%1%2%Light bulb (UK 11W)

Recycling

&

disposal

Cons-

umer

use

Ret-

ail

Logistics

distribution

transport

Manuf-

acture &

processing

Raw

material

production

PRODUCTION - Life cycle analysis of carbon

emission hot spots along the supply/value chain: 3


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M I N DSource: Adapted from Munasinghe et al. (2009)

1%3%10%4%5%76%Milk (UK, National Tesco)

0%1%5%47%19%28%Orange Juice (Brazil freshly squeezed 1L)

1%95%1%1%2%Light bulb (UK 11W)

Recycling

&

disposal

Cons-

umer

use

Ret-

ail

Logistics

distribution

transport

Manuf-

acture &

processing

Raw

material

production

Bringing Sustainable Consumers & Producers Together: 1Sustainability Culture - Making Development More Sustainable (MDMS)

Sustainability leadership by a few consumers and producers


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Sustainable

Consumers

Sustainable

Producers

CivilSociety

Busi-ness

y p y p

Bringing Sustainable Consumers & Producers Together: 2Sustainability Culture - Making Development More Sustainable (MDMS)

Sustainable behaviour spreads throughout the country


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Other

Sustainable

Consumers

Sustainable

Consumers

Sustainable

Producers

Other

Sustainable

ProducersMCG

Govt.

CivilSociety

Busi-ness

p g y

Working with Responsible Media

in Making Development More Sustainable


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Social

Capital

Business

Govern-

ment

Civil

Society

Dissemination

Ethical Media

Media must play greater role in disseminating correct information tostrengthen civil society and business in supporting and influencing

government to move towards a more sustainable development path.



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Mildly optimistic final message for the World

Multiple global problems pose a serious challenge to us all


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the economic crisis, poverty, resource scarcities, ecosystemharm, climate change, etc. are interlinked.Although the issues are complex and serious, these problemscan be solved together, provided we begin now.

We know enough already to take the first steps towardsmaking development more sustainable (MDMS), that willtransform the risky business-as-usual scenario into a saferand more secure future.

Values and governance systems (at all levels) must be changedto deal with multiple crises in an integrated way.Business and civil society can help government in mobilisingresources, identifying issues and implementing solutions.

MCG & SCP can play key roles in implementing new 21stcentury models of sustainable development

Alternative to Optimism is UNTHINKABLE !


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Four horsemen of the Apocalypse: famine, plague, war, death


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DEVO VASSATU KALENA

Ancient Pali Blessing (Sri Lanka)


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SASSA SAMPATTI HETU CAPHITO BHAVATU LOKO CARAJA BHAVATU DHAMMIKO

May the rains come in time,May the harvests be bountifulMay the people be happy & contended

May the king be righteous

Even in ancient times, a favourable environment,economic prosperity, social stability (and goodgovernance), were clearly identified as key pre-requisites for making development more sustainable.

Environmental:Economic:

Social:

Environment


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Society Economy

Munasinghe Institute for Development"making development more sustainable - MDMS

10/1 De Fonseka Place, Colombo 5, Sri Lanka

Phone: +9411-255-1208; Fax: +9411-255-1608

E-mail: ; Web:

MIND PROGRAMMES

A d


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AwardsResearch fellowships, Scholarships, MINDSustainable Support Service (MS3), Book donations

Dissemination & ResearchDissemination & Training workshops

Expert meetings & conferences

Applied research studies and evaluations

UN Centre of Excellence for Asia in the ClimateChange Capacity Development (C3D) network of the

United Nations Institute for Training and Research(UNITAR).


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MIND CC-SD Training Course, CMA, Beijing, July-Aug, 2006

270 Senior Chinese Officials


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MIND SD Course, Delhi, Feb. 2007

25 Senior Indian Civil Service Officers


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The University of Manchester

Sustainable Consumption Institute (SCI)


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Leading research into sustainable consumption

Suggestions for Further Information


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1. Munasinghe, M. (2010)Making Development More

Sustainable Development, Second Edition, MIND Press, Sri

Lanka Translated into Chinese.

2. Munasinghe, M. (2009) Sustainable Development in Practice

Sustainomics Methodology and Applications, Cambridge

University Press, UK.

3. Munasinghe, M., and Swart, R. (2005)Primer on ClimateChange and Sustainable Development, Cambridge University

Press, UK Translated into Chinese.

4. Website URL:

MIND PressBook:


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Book:650 pages

SecondEditionPublished inApril 2010

Cambridge

University


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UniversityPress Book:650 pages

Published inMay 2009


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Thank youvery much

Documents

Mohan Munasinghe Millennium Consumption Goals MCGs Can Preserve the Planet Protect the Poor and Promote Prosperity