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Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1

Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

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Page 1: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

Molecular Genetics

Tanyaratana Dumkua

Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1

Page 2: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule why do we

believe that DNA is genetic material?

What is happening if genetic material were carbohydrate, lipid or protein?

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Page 3: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

Genetic Material

How do scientist know that DNA is genetic material?

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Page 4: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

What dose this experiment tell us?

https://dr282zn36sxxg.cloudfront.net/datastreams/f-d%3Afbca3c56806408f93e2f81eb54144984ee70baf5cde34b9a3d6bcc53%2BIMAGE_THUMB_POSTCARD%2BIMAGE_THUMB_POSTCARD.1

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Page 5: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

If you want to improve Griffith’s experiment, how do you do?

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Page 6: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

http://www.doctortee.com/dsu/tiftickjian/cse-img/genetics/molecular/avery-exp.jpg

Oswald Avery et al., 1944

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Page 7: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

http://darrenrathman.yolasite.com/resources/11-04.gif

What dose this experiment tell us?

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Page 8: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

Between these 2 experiments, which one is the best to confirm that the DNA is genetic material?

Frederick Griffith, 1928 Hershey and Chase, 1952

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Page 9: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1969/ 12

Page 10: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

What is DNA?

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Page 11: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

Purine

Pyrimidine

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Page 12: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

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Page 13: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

Pentose: Ribose and deoxyribose

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Page 14: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

OH

3H PO 2 3

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Page 15: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

Primary structure

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Page 16: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

http://qnint.sbq.org.br/sbq_uploads/layers/imagem2473.png 19

Page 17: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

Chargaff E. ค้นพบว่า A = T และ C = G และสิ่งมีชีวิต species เดียวกัน จะมีอัตราส่วน A+T : C+G เหมือน ๆ กัน 20

Page 18: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

http://image.slidesharecdn.com/genomestructure-medics-140816181407-phpapp02/95/genome-structure-28-638.jpg?cb=1408212950 21

Tm = melting temperature ∝ %CG content

Page 19: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

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Page 20: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

M.H.F. Wilkins และ

Rosalind Franklin ค้นพบว่าโครงสร้างของสาย DNA

ประกอบขึ้นจากสายโพลีนิวคลิโอไทด์ มากกว่า 1 สายเป็นเกลียวคู่ที่หันเบส เข้าไปจับกันและมีฟอสเฟตกับน้้าตาล

อยู่ด้านนอก จากเทคนิค X-ray diffraction

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Page 21: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

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Page 22: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

Secondary structure

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Page 23: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

Antiparallel

Double helix

Clockwise

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Page 24: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

http://www.si.mahidol.ac.th/department/Biochemistry/home/md/images/Z%20DNA%204.jpg 28

Page 25: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

B DNA : เส้นผ่าศูนย์กลาง 2 nm การเวียนขวาแต่ละรอบ - ความยาว 3.4 nm/ รอบ - 10 คู่เบส / รอบ - เกิดร่อง 2 ร่องคือ - minor groove - major groove

DNA structure

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Page 26: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Deoeq0hEwjU/UXjNW5gxavI/AAAAAAAAAlI/Ladj87E8Uqc/s1600/differences+betweeen+various+forms+of+DNA.jpg 30

Page 27: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/ https://cosresearch.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/rosalind-franklin.jpg

Rosalind Franklin

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Page 28: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

Denaturation & Renaturation - heat (destroy H-bond) - chemical Absorption 260 nm Acid-Base reaction Sedimention - different of nucleotide arrangement

Characteristics of deoxyribonucleic acid

http://www.cadexinc.com/images2/Spectrophotometer-preview.jpg

Spectrophotometer

Centrifugation

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Page 29: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

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Page 30: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

36 https://www3.nd.edu/~aseriann/CHAP5B.html/img036.gif

What are Tm and UV absorption telling us?

Page 31: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

DNA EXTRACTION

http://universe-review.ca/I11-50-preparation.jpg 38

Watch : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hRiXCKiaE3w

Page 32: Molecular Genetics - biology.mwit.ac.th · Molecular Genetics Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department ; Mahidolwittayanusorn School 1. Genetic Material There are many kinds of biomolecule

ค้าถามประกอบการท้าการทดลอง

1. การหั่น ตัด บดชิ้นเนื้อเยื่อตัวอย่างท้าเพื่ออะไร 2. การเติม DNA buffer ท้าเพื่ออะไร 2.1 Detergent (น้้ายาล้างจาน) ส่งผลอย่างไรต่อเซลล์ 2.2 NaCl มีผลต่อการสกัดดีเอ็นเอครั้งนี้อย่างไร 3. ผ้าขาวบาง/กระดาษกรองมหีน้าที่ส้าคัญคืออะไร 4. ผงหมักเนื้อมีหน้าที่ส้าคัญในการสกัดดีเอ็นเออย่างไร 5. แอลกอฮอลมีความส้าคัญอย่างไร คุณสมบัติใดของแอลกอฮอลที่ท้าให้ดีเอ็นเอแยกตัวออกจากสารละลายมาอยู่ในแอลกอฮอล์ 6. ท้าไมต้องใช้แอลกอฮอล์เย็น ถ้าไม่เย็นจะให้ผลที่แตกต่างหรือไม่อย่างไร

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