/' (a) What characteristics are typical of molecules that are gases at r0om tempera-

ture?

(b) Compare and contrast the characteristics of soluble and insoluble rnolecules.

5. Carbohydrates

(c) Describe the general molecular characteristics of mono anddisaccharides.What features account for their high solubility in water?

(d) what element forms the bridge berween the monomers that make up malroseand sucrose? What molecule was made during the condensation reactions thatformed these disaccharides?

(e) Compare and contrast the overall shapes of cellulose, amylose, and amy-lopectin. How do their djfferences in structure accourt for their drfferentbiological functions?

(f) what features of cellulose molecules account for both the strength and thewater absorbing qualitres of paper towels?

(g) What type of intermolecular force dominates the interactions of carbohy-drates and water?

6. Liptds

(h) Describe the general characteristics of all fatty acids.

(i) Compare the shape and molecular structure of saturated and unsaturatedfatty acids. Provide examples to support your description.

(j) What functional groups are involved in the formation of a triglyceride fromglycerol and fatty acids?

LSM 1.2-3

(k) What is the fundamental difference between a triglyceride and a phospho-

lipid? How does this difference account for the hydrophobic and hydrophilic

nutur. of the phospholipid nlolecule?

(L) What characteristics of wax,make it well suited to the role of nature's main

waterProo6ng agent?

7. Amtno Acids and Prateins

(m)Compareandcontrastthevarietyofaminoacidswiththatofmonosaccha-rides and fatty acids. which group exhibits the greatest structural variability?

(n) How does the molecular structure of urea suit its biological firnction?

(o) Describe the appearance and arrangement of amino acids in a-helix and

B-pleatedsheetregionsofpolypeptides.Whattypeofintermolecularforcesare involved in maintaining protein secondary structure?

(p) Describe and give examples of proteins that have a variety of tertiary

structures. Reiate the teitiary ,tru.tur. of these proteins to their bioiogical

functions.

(q)\ahatspecialroleisplayedbytheaminoacidcysteine?Howdodrsulfidebridges influence protein shape and stability?

(continued)

Copyright @ 2003 Nelsonlhemical Basis of Life

LSM 1.2-3

(r) Do all proteins have quaternary structure? Support your answer with exam-

ples.

8. Nucleotides

(s) Describe the structure of ATP. What rs the primary function of ATP wrthin

living organisms?

(t) What bases are building blocks of nucleotides within RNA and DNA, respec-

tively.

(u) List some of the structural srmilarities and differences between transfer RNA

and DNA.

(v) How are the bases paired within the DNA double heU-r? What type of bonding is

responsible for the forces maintaining these base pairings and the double hellx?

l lson Chapter I The Chemrcal Basis of Life 23

\\\,\

5.Circle the group which is the most diu"..FMONOSACCHARIDES FATTY ACIDS AMNO ACIDS6.what element forms the bridge between the monomers that make up maltose?7 'what two functional groups are involved in the formation of the triglyceride?

-------...----.-_-.----

8'These bonds are strong and act between adjacent strands within a polypeptia. uooi"g iroportu"t

;H;**t strength and stability to the protein structure. ciue (look ut

"yit"rrr4 Name the

q cir.l" th; u.rr*". Does hemoglobin have a quatemary structure yES No1O.circle the answer Does scorpion toxin have a quut*Lury structure yES Noi 1'This primary energy transferring moiecule in .eils is composed of a ribose sugar, a base andthree phosphate groups. What is it?12 Circle the answer.A molecul. tt u hkely be ,

em"nt '", .,",rr'f.;; l"_::ilgtruru#, u,ro ,r,r? ffij;.1; or;1",,CARBON HYDROGEN OXYGEN MTROGEN

14.circle the fatty acid that is more highly reduced and thus has more energySATLIRATED TIXSATTNAIENi5'circle the answer' If uracil is found in the nucleotid,es of this nucleic acid is must beDNA RNA16'what chemical is responsibre for the hot pepper sensation?

VIEWING BIOMOLECULES INQUiRY ASSESSMENT Name

F]LL TN THE BLANIKS FOR THE FOLLOWNG1'The large linear and highly polar nature of celiulose makes it both strong and highly attracted to

il*l:::::t::IT1,p_olvsaccharides with many glucose monomers is very linear and occurs asa single unbranching chain3.Hemo8lobiniswe1lsuitedinit'@ofiwithinredb]oodcel1s.Describeitsshape? How many subunits is it mad,e of?

i"i,ll:,l:}:'^rT:'::,:i1^.ystructuretheaminou.ia'u'.uri,m,u,'o;; r'"# ;":ff;', * ;: *Tiil], HlheSe sec.ondlr-rz ctnrnfrrrao rr,Li^1^ ^..^ ^ ^rl ^ -1these secondary structures which are called

L7.The nitrogen bases of DNA are paired up. miai"ute the -ut.i, a, ua*i*_18what bonds the nitrogen bases together in the DNA morecuie?

ll.nirlrjrtdr:::" be used for both informarion storage ",

i;-DNA * ^ molecuiesas rn ATP or GTp20.If ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate what does AMp stand for?_21'This is a very abundant, fibrous, structural protein found in tendons, ligaments and many othertissues'It has a linear tertiary structure and a third kind of seconda, slructure called atriplehelix, that account for the molecule's great strength Name the molecure_22'This is a smali hormone protein that helps regulate blood sugar levels(increases blood sugar)It exhibits a simple arpha herix secondary structure. what is it calred?

23'Circle the corect answer Which is soluble in water POISON n/y STREPTOMYCIN