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![Page 1: MONOPHONIC!AND!blogs.maristassegovia.org/secundaria1/files/Unit-4.pdfUNIT!4! !MONOPHONIC!AND!POLYPHONIC!MUSIC!!]! Homophonic!music:!This!texture!is!characterized!by!different!pitches!occurring!](https://reader035.pdfslide.net/reader035/viewer/2022071403/60f75ec1455f341ad3153fd0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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MONOPHONIC!AND!
POLYPHONIC!MUSIC!!
UNIT!4!1. Texture!
1.!1.!Monophonic!texture!
1.!2.!Polyphonic!texture!
2. Scales!
2.!1.!Major!scales!
2.!2.!Minor!scales!2.!3.!Scale!degrees!
MUSIC!2º!ESO!2015/2016!
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UNIT!4! !MONOPHONIC!AND!POLYPHONIC!MUSIC!
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1.! Texture)
Texture!is!one!of!the!basic!elements!of!music!which!describes!the!relationship!among!
the!different!musical!voices.!The!piece’s!texture!may!be!described!using!terms!such!as!
“thick”!and!“light”,!“rough”!or!“smooth”.!The!texture!of!a!piece!can!be!affected!by!the!
number! and! character! of! melodies,! the! timbre! of! the! instruments! or! voices! ,the!harmony,!the!tempo!and!the!rhythm.!Texture!is!the!sound!density.!
In! music! some! common! terms! for! different! kind! of! textures! are! monophonic,!
polyphonic,!heterophonic!and!homophonic!music.!
)1.)1.)Monophonic)texture)
A!melody! performed! alone! is! the! simplest! pattern! of!musical! texture.! This! is! called!
“monophonic! texture”.! Remember,! a! melody! performed! by! one! or!many!musicians!represents!a!single!musical!voice!if!the!same!notes!are!performed!by!everyone.)
One!way!to!remember!the!term!monophonic!is!to!consider!its!parts:)
“mono”!+!“phonic”!=!“monophonic”!
“one”!!!!!+!“sound”!=!“one!sound”!(a!single!melody)!
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)1.)2.)Polyphonic)texture)
In!unit!3!we!studied!that!in!music,!when!two!or!more!different!notes!are!sung!or!played!
at! the! same! time,! there’s! a! harmony.! Harmony!may! be! created!when! two! or!more!different!melodies!are!performed!at!the!same!time!in!different!musical!voices.!!
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UNIT!4! !MONOPHONIC!AND!POLYPHONIC!MUSIC!
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One!way!to!remember!the!term!polyphonic!is!to!consider!its!parts:!
“poly”!+!“phonic”!=!“polyphonic”!
“many”!!!!!+!“sounds”!=!“many!sounds”!(two!or!more!melodies)!
Remember,!polyphonic!texture!consists!of!several!melodies!performed!together!at!the!same!time.!
Polyphonic!music!can!be:!
]! Contrapuntal!polyphonic!music!(this!texture!is!also!called!heterophonic!music):!
When!the!multiple!melodic!voices!are!independent!from!one!another.!
In! this!kind!of!music,! there! is!one!of! them!that! stands!out,! it! is! called!canon.!
Canon!consist!of!a!note]for]note! imitation!of!one!melodic! line!by!another,! in!
which!the!second!melody!starts!after!the!first.!
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UNIT!4! !MONOPHONIC!AND!POLYPHONIC!MUSIC!
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]! Homophonic!music:!This!texture!is!characterized!by!different!pitches!occurring!
simultaneously!and!moving!together!with!similar!rhythm!in!a!voice!or!group!of!
voices.!There!is!a!clear!vertical!relationship!that!is!present!among!the!different!voices.!
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2.! Scales)
A!scale!is!a!series!of!notes!arranged!from!low!to!high!or!viceversa.!Most!of!the!music!
written!since!the!XVII!century!uses!two!types!of!scales:!the!major!scale!and!the!minor!
scale.!What!really!defines!the!type!of!scale!is!not!its!first!note!but!the!whole!steps!and!half]steps!that!define!the!distance!between!the!different!notes!of!the!scale.)
2.)1.)Major)scales)
Major!scales!have!the!following!sequence!of!whole!and!half!steps:!
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UNIT!4! !MONOPHONIC!AND!POLYPHONIC!MUSIC!
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The!model!to!build!major!scales!is!C!Major!Scale.!Look!at!the!example!below:!
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2.)2.)Minor)scales)
Minor!scales!have!the!following!sequence!of!whole!and!half!steps:!
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The!model!to!build!minor!scales!is!A!Minor!Scale.!Look!at!the!example!below:!
)2.)3.)Scale)degrees)
In!music!theory,!a!scale!degree!is!the!name!given!to!a!particular!note!of!a!scale!to!specify!its!position!relative!to!the!tonic!(the!main!note!of!the!scale).!
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The!degrees!of!the!traditional!major!and!minor!scales!may!be!called!by!several!ways:!•! the!first,!second,!third,!fourth,!fifth,!sixth!and!seventh!degree!of!the!scale!•!by!Roman!numerals!(I,!II,!III,!IV!...)!•!by! the! names! and! function:! tonic,! supertonic,! mediant,! subdominant,! dominant,!
submediant,!leading!note!(leading!tone!in!the!United!States)!and!tonic!again.!!
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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!I!!!!!!!!!!!!!II!!!!!!!!!!III!!!!!!!!!!IV!!!!!!!!V!!!!!!!!!!!VI!!!!!!!!!VII!!
