Motorized Screw Jack

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COVER PAGE

PROJECT TITLE

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted to

SUNRISE UNIVERSITY

in partial fulfilment for the award of the diploma of

POLYTECHNIC

In

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SUNRISE UNIVERSITYALWAR

RAJASTHAN, INDIA

MAY 2014

Annexure1

PROJECT TITLE


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A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted toSUNRISE UNIVERSITY


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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled TITLE OF PROJECT WORK

submitted by NAME OF GROUP to the SunRise University Alwar,Rajasthan in partial

fulfilment for the award of Diploma of Polytechnic in Mechanical Engineeringis a confide

record of the project work carried out by him under my supervision during the year 2015-

2016.

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Name of incharge Name of student(Roll)

Designation

Name (Project Guide)

Designation

SUNRISE UNIVERSITYBagad Rajput, ALWAR-301030(Raj.)

INDIA


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep to my mentor Mr.

Vinayak Hemadri for his exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement

throughout the course of this thesis. The blessing, help and guidance given by him time to

time shall carry me a long way on the journey of life in which I am about to embark. I also

take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to the mentor for his cordial

support, valuable information and guidance, which helped me in completing this task through

various stages.

Lastly, I thank almighty, my parents, and friends for their constant encouragement

without which this assignment would not be completed.


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ABSTRACT

A screw jack or a Jackscrew is operated by turning a lead screw. The height of the

jack is adjusted by turning the lead screw. This can be done either manually or by integrating

an electric motor with it. This integration is our project. The difficult part in the project may

be finding a low speed motor that is able to work at 12V. This is because the battery output of

an automobile is 12V, and the electricity needed for the operation of the screw jack is taken

from this battery. Another problem will be regarding speed reduction. Basically 12V motors

usually operate at higher speeds, likely at 4000 or 5300 rpm. So reducing this high rpm to the

required lower rpm for the operation of screw jack without bulky accessories or power loss

can be challenging. By this project effortless manual work can be achieved easily. This can

be done in any type of jack namely cylindrical screw jack, bottle screw jack and scissor screw

jack. In our project we use scissor screw jack which is motorized.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO

ABSTRACT 5

LIST OF FIGURES 6

LIST OF TABLES 8

CHAPTER 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION 09

1.1WORKING PRINCIPLE 10

1.2

APPLICATIONS 11

1.3 ADVANTAGES 11

1.4DISADVANTAGES 11

CHAPTER 2

2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM 12

2.2 NEED FOR AUTOMATION 12

2.3 THE ARMATURE 16

2.4 THE COMMUTATOR AND BRUSHES 17

CHAPTER 3

3.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE 18

3.2 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION 19

3.3CONSTRUCTION 20

3.4 ADVANTAGES 33

3.5 DISADVANTAGES 33

3.6 APPLICATIONS 33


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CHAPTER 4

4.1 PROPOSED DESIGN MODEL OF

MOTORIZED SCREW JACK 34

4.2 PROPOSED DESIGN POWER SUPPLY

UNIT FOR MOTOR 35

4.3 PROPOSED DESIGN MOTOR MOUNTING

FOR SCREW LEAD IN JACK 36

4.4 PROPOSED DESIGN MOTOR

MOUNTED FINAL PRODUCT WORKING ON MOTOR

AUTOMATICALLY 37

4.5 HARDWARE USED IN PROJECT 38

4.6 TOOLS USED IN PROJECT 38

CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION 39

REFERENCES 40


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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE.NO NAME PAGE.NO

1.1 Scissor Jack 07

1.1.2 Scissor Jack Woking 09

2.1.1 Motorized Screw Jack 10

2.1.2 Automation Jack 14

4.1 Proposed Design Model Of Motorized Screw Jack 32

4.2 Proposed Design Power Supply Unit For Motor 33

4.3 Proposed Design Motor Mounting For

Screw Lead In Jack 34

4.4 Proposed Design Motor Mounted Final

Product Working On Motor Automatically 35


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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

An electrically operated screw-type jack comprising a support base, a housing, a jack

body, a lifting ram which is contained in the jack body, a servo motor which is contained in

the housing, reduction gears for transmitting the driving power of the servo motor to the

lifting ram, a safety device prevent the motor and the power transmitting mechanism from an

abrupt

Failure due to overloading, a square head pin for conventional hand operation of the

jack when the jack is overloaded. The safety device consists of a clutch disk, a clutch spring

and a sleeve. The reduction gears consist of first sun and planet gears, second sun and planet

gears and a sun gear cylinder.

The remote is used for control the jack from distance. In case of heavy object the jack

can be operated remotely. No need to control manually, this project reduces the accident.

Fig 1.1: Scissor jack

1.1WORKING PRINCIPLE:

A screw jack or a Jackscrew is operated by turning a lead screw. The height of the jack is

adjusted by turning the lead screw. This can be done either manually or by integrating an

electric motor with it. This integration is our project. Power screws are used to convert rotary


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motion into translatory motion. A screw jack is an example of a power screw in which a

small force applied in a horizontal plane is used to raise or lower a large load. The principle

on which it works is similar to that of an inclined plane. The mechanical advantage of a screw

jack is the ratio of the load applied to the effort applied. The screw jack is operated by turning

a lead screw. The effort required to rotate the screw can be eliminated by using a 12V DC

motor to rotated screw of jack; which facilitate in easy replacement of tyre. Advantage of this

system is that it draws the energy from the battery of vehicle. For torque multiplication;

generated by motor two spur gear are used. A small gear is mounted on motor shaft and a

large spur gear on power screw of jack. Also we are looking for to increase the efficiency of

motorized screw jack by varying helix angle by which energy drawn by motor can be

decrease.

The motorized screw jack has been developed to cater to the needs of small and medium

automobile garages, which are normally man powered with minimum skilled labor. In most

of the garages the vehicles are lifted by using screw jack. This needs high man power and

skilled labour. In order to avoid all such disadvantages, the motorized jack has been designed

in such a way that it can be used to lift the vehicle very smoothly without any impact force.

The operation is made simple so that even unskilled labour can use it with ease.The d.c motor

is coupled with the screw jack by gear arrangement. The screw jack shafts rotation depends

upon the rotation of D.C motor. This is a simple type of automation project. The operation

remains to be an essential part of the system although with changing demands on physical

input, the degree of mechanization is increased.

The components of the jack are:

1. Support base.

2. Jack body mounted on support base

3. Housing mounted on jack body, having a flange formed at a middle portion.


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4. Servo motor having a driving gear mounted to a lower end .The servo motor is contained

in the housing.

5. Lifting ram vertically mounted on the support base.

6. Driven jaws of the scissor plate.

Fig 1.1.2: Scissor jack

1.2 APPLICATIONS:

The jack can be operated remotely

Can be used by physically handicap persons to lift car or other things

Can be used in workshop or by personal use

1.3 ADVANTAGES:

No need of human effort

Jack can controlled both remotely as well as manually

Heavy things can lift easily

1.4DISADVANTAGES:

Power is needed


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CHAPTER 2

2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 2.1.1: Motorized screw jack

2.2 Need for Automation

Automation can be achieved through computers, hydraulics, pneumatics, robotics, etc.

Automation plays an important role in mass production. For mass production of the product,

the machining operations decide the sequence of machining. Fabrication of a motorized

screw jack is easy especially when the parts are available in the market. This mechanical

engineering project can be easily completed by integrating an electric motor with a screw

jack.

A screw jack or a Jackscrew is operated by turning a lead screw. The height of the jack is

adjusted by turning the lead screw. This can be done either manually or by integrating an

electric motor with it. This integration is our project.

The difficult part in the project may be finding a low speed motor that is able to work at 12V.

This is because the battery output of an automobile is 12V, and the electricity needed for the


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operation of the screw jack is taken from this battery. Another problem will be regarding

speed reduction. 12V motors usually operate at higher speeds, likely at 4000 or 5300 rpm. So

reducing this high rpm to the required lower rpms for the operation of screw jack without

bulky accessories or power loss can be challenging.

Screw Jack: It is a jack which is operated by turning a lead screw. In the form of a screw jack

it is commonly used to lift heavy weights such as the foundations of houses, or large vehicles.

A screw jack consists of a strong screw shaft which extends vertically from a heavy

supporting base, and is turned with a bar or lever. On the upper end of the screw is a bearing

surface which supports the load. When the screw is rotated it extends, lifting the load.

Gear Mechanism: The Gear mechanism plays a vital role in transmitting the power/torque

from Motor to the Screw Jack to perform this The Pinion and Gear have different number of

teeth giving a gear ratio of 1.5 and reducing the speed of the motor in the same ratio.

Motor: The motor required in this project is not easy to find as it should have the capability

to run from a car battery producing 12V and at the same time producing huge Amount of

Torque so as to lift the vehicle with low r.p.m. of 80-100. Also the motor should be bipolar as

it should be capable to lift as well as to put down the vehicle when the whole work is

performed

In Brief: When the worm shaft is rotated the lead screw rotates in the body of the screw jack

at the same rate as the worm gear. The nut on the lead screw moves in a linear direction along

the screw when fixed to a structure that prevents it from rotating with the screw. This design

is also available with a "Safety Nut".


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In Detail: When a screw jack unit is operated, the rotation of the worm shaft causes the worm

gear to rotate. For rotating screw jacks the lead screw is fixed to the worm gear and they

rotate at the same speed. As the worm gear turns, the friction forces on the screw thread act to

turn the nut also. The greater the load on the screw jack unit, the greater the tendency of the

nut to turn. It is obvious that if the nut turns with the screw, it will not raise the load.

Therefore the nut needs to be fixed to a structure to prevent rotation. The restraining torque

required for the structure, also known as the "lead screw key torque"

The input power to the screw jacks should not exceed the power rating shown in the

specifications table. Maximum input speed in rpm (revolutions per minute) to a screw jacks

worm shaft should not exceed 1800 rpm for E-Series and M-Series screw jacks; however the

high performance S-Series screw jacks can operate at up to 3000 rpm. Power Jacks cannot

accept responsibility for the overheating and rapid wear that may occur should these limits be

exceeded. Power increases in direct proportion to the speed, and the motor size will be out of

proportion to the screw jack model design rating should the speed become excessively high.

When selecting the maximum permissible speed for a screw jack arrangement, always check

to see that the power rating of the screw jack model is not exceeded.

The machines designed for producing a particular product are called transfer

machines. The components must be moved automatically from the bins to various machines

sequentially and the final component can be placed separately for packaging. Materials can

also be repeatedly transferred from the moving conveyors to the work place and vice versa.

Nowadays, almost all the manufacturing processes are being atomized in order to deliver the

products at a faster rate. The manufacturing

The invention relates to a screw jack with a screw shaft and several ball bearing

units that surround the screw eccentrically and form a nut structure, the ball


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bearing units engaging unilaterally into the thread and rolling in the thread and

forming one part with or being joined to an inner track ring of one ball bearing unit,

the outer rings of the ball bearings of the individual ballbearing units being joined

with each other.

The screw jack already known has two ball bearing units in the nut structure

which engage with radialpre-load f rom opposite sides into the thread. Since the

ball bearing units are necessarily arranged sideways at a distance from each other,

the radial pre-load causes a tilting moment effecting the nut structure, which is

balanced by a neck bearing that also engages in the thread. This is a

disadvantage with regard to the efficiency, the smoothness of running, the long life

and the idling moment, particularly if the length o f the screw shaft is big

compared to the diameter of the screw. A rather .high stress is often a l s o caused

b y an improper adjustment of the ball bearingunits.Such wrong adjustments are

mostly only recognizedby bad running an dan increased wear of the neck bearings.

Operation is being atomized for the following reasons:

To achieve mass production

To reduce man power

To increase the efficiency of the plant

To reduce the work load

To reduce the production cost

To reduce the production time

To reduce the material handling

To reduce the fatigue of workers

To achieve good product quality


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Less Maintenance

Fig 2.1.2: Automation Jack

2.3 The Armature

The armature takes the place of the nail in an electric motor. The armature is an

electromagnet made by coiling thin wire around two or more poles of a metal core. The

armature has an axle, and the commutator is attached to the axle. In the diagram above you

can see three different views of the same armature: front, side and end-on. In the end-on view

the winding is eliminated to make the commutator more obvious. The commutator is simply a

pair of plates attached to the axle. These plates provide the two connections for the coil of the

Electromagnet.

2.4 The Commutator and brushes

The "flipping the electric field" part of an electric motor is accomplished by two parts:

the commutator and the brushes. The diagram at the right shows how the commutator and

brushes work together to let current flow to the electromagnet, and also to flip the direction


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that the electrons are flowing at just the right moment. The contacts of the commutator are

attached to the axle of the electromagnet, so they spin with the magnet. The brushes are just

two pieces of springy metal or carbon that make contact with the contacts of the commutator.


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CHAPTER 3

3.1 Working Principle

The lead-acid battery is used to drive the d.c motor. The d.c motor shaft is connected

to the spur gear. If power is given to the D.c motor, it will run so that the spur gear also runs

to slow down the speed of the D.C motor. The screw jack moves the screw upward, so that

the vehicle lifts from ground. The vehicle is lifted by using the lifting platform at the top of

the Screw jack. The motor draws power supply from the battery. The lifting and uplifting is

done by changing the battery supply to the motor.

Power screws are used to convert rotary motion into translatory motion. A screw jack is

an example of a power screw in which a small force applied in a horizontal plane is used to

raise or lower a large load. The principle on which it works is similar to that of an inclined

plane. The mechanical advantage of a screw jack is the ratio of the load applied to the effort

applied. The screw jack is operated by turning a lead screw. The effort required to rotate the

screw can be eliminated by using a 12V DC motor to rotated screw of jack; which facilitate

in easy replacement of tyre. Advantage of this system is that it draws the energy from the

battery of vehicle. For torque multiplication; generated by motor two spur gear are used. A

small gear is mounted on motor shaft and a large spur gear on power screw of jack. Also we

are looking for to increase the efficiency of motorized screw jack by varying helix angle by

which energy drawn by motor can be decrease.








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Fabrication of a motorized screw jack is easy especially when the parts are available in the

market. This mechanical engineering project can be easily completed by integrating an

electric motor with a screw jack. A screw jack or a Jackscrew is operated by turning a lead

screw. The height of the jack is adjusted by turning the lead screw. This can be done either

manually or by integrating an electric motor with it. This integration is our project. The

difficult part in the project may be finding a low speed motor that is able to work at 12V. This

is because the battery output of an automobile is 12V, and the electricity needed for the

operation of the screw jack is taken from this battery. Another problem will be regarding

speed reduction. 12V motors usually operate at higher speeds, likely at 4000 or 5300 rpm. So

reducing this high rpm to the required lower rpms for the operation of screw jack without

bulky accessories or power loss can be challenging.

3.2 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION

It is a jack which is operated by turning a lead screw. In the form of a screw jack it is

commonly used to lift heavy weights such as the foundations of houses, or large vehicles. A

screw jack consists of a strong screw shaft which extends vertically from a heavy supporting

base, and is turned with a bar or lever. On the upper end of the screw is a bearing surface

which supports the load. When the screw is rotated it extends, lifting the load.

The Gear mechanism plays a vital role in transmitting the power/torque from Motor to the


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Screw Jack to perform this The Pinion and Gear have different number of teeth giving a gear

ratio of 1.5 and reducing the speed of the motor in the same ratio.

The motor required in this project is not easy to find as it should have the

capability to run from a car battery producing 12V and at the same time producing huge

Amount of Torque so as to lift the vehicle with low r.p.m. of 80-100. Also the motor

should be bipolar as it should be capable to lift as well as to put down the vehicle when

the whole work is performed

3.3CONSTRUCTION:

In Brief:When the worm shaft is rotated the lead screw rotates in the body of the screw jack

at the same rate as the worm gear. The nut on the lead screw moves in a linear direction along

the screw when fixed to a structure that prevents it from rotating with the screw. This design

is also available with a "Safety Nut".

In Detail: When a screw jack unit is operated, the rotation of the worm shaft causes the

worm gear to rotate. For rotating screw jacks the lead screw is fixed to the worm gear and

they rotate at the same speed. As the worm gear turns, the friction forces on the screw thread

act to turn the nut also. The greater the load on the screw jack unit, the greater the tendency

of the nut to turn. It is obvious that if the nut turns with the screw, it will not raise the load.

Therefore the nut needs to be fixed to a structure to prevent rotation. The restraining torque

required for the structure, also known as the "lead screw key torque"

The input power to the screw jacks should not exceed the power rating shown in the

specifications table. Maximum input speed in rpm (revolutions per minute) to a screw jacks

worm shaft should not exceed 1800 rpm for E-Series and M-Series screw jacks; however the

high performance S-Series screw jacks can operate at up to 3000 rpm. Power Jacks cannot


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accept responsibility for the overheating and rapid wear that may occur should these limits be

exceeded. Power increases in direct proportion to the speed, and the motor size will be out of

proportion to the screw jack model design rating should the speed become excessively high.

When selecting the maximum permissible speed for a screw jack arrangement, always check

to see that the power rating of the screw jack model is not exceeded.

Power screws are used to convert rotary motion into translatory motion. A screw jack is

an example of a power screw in which a small force applied in a horizontal plane is used to

raise or lower a large load. The principle on which it works is similar to that of an inclined

plane. The mechanical advantage of a screw jack is the ratio of the load applied to the effort

applied. The screw jack is operated by turning a lead screw. The effort required to rotate the

screw can be eliminated by using a 12V DC motor to rotated screw of jack; which facilitate

in easy replacement of tyre. Advantage of this system is that it draws the energy from the

battery of vehicle. For torque multiplication; generated by motor two spur gear are used. A

small gear is mounted on motor shaft and a large spur gear on power screw of jack. Also we

are looking for to increase the efficiency of motorized screw jack by varying helix angle by

which energy drawn by motor can be decrease.










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The efforts being put to produce any kind of work has been continuously decreasing. The

efforts required in achieving the desired output can be effectively and economically be

decreased by the implementation of better designs. Power screws are used to convert rotary

motion into translatory motion. A screw jack is an example of a power screw in which a

small force applied in a horizontal plane is used to raise or lower a large load. The principle

on which it works is similar to that of an inclined plane. The mechanical advantage of a screw

jack is the ratio of the load applied to the effort applied. The screw jack is operated by turning

a lead screw. The height of the jack is adjusted by turning a lead screw and this adjustment

can be done either manually or by integrating an electric motor. This research paper analyzes

the modification of the existing motor screw jack by incorporating an electric motor in the

screw in order to make load lifting easier. In this modified design, the power screw is rotated

by connecting motor through universal coupling, plugged to the automobile 12 V battery

source to generate power for the prime mover (motor), which transmits its rotating speed to

the power screw to be rotated with required speed reduction and increased torque to drive the

power screw. The significance and purpose of this work is to modify the existing car jack in

order to make the operation easier, safer and more reliable in order to reduce health risks

especially back ache problems associated with doing work in a bent or squatting position for

a long period of time. The modified car jack is easy to use by women or whoever had

problem with the vehicle tyres along the road. The designed motorised jack will also save

time and requires less human energy to operate.

A screw jack is a portable device consisting of a screw mechanism used to raise or lower the

load. The principle on which the screw jack works is similar to that of an inclined plane.

There are mainly two types of jacks-hydraulic and mechanical. A hydraulic jack consists of a


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cylinder and piston mechanism. The movement of the piston rod is used to raise or lower the

load. Mechanical jacks can be either hand operated or power driven.

Jacks are used frequently in raising cars so that a tire can be changed. A screw jack is

commonly used with cars but is also used in many other ways, including industrial machinery

and even aeroplanes. They can be short, tall, fat, or thin depending on the amount of pressure

they will be under and the space that they need to fit into. The jack is made out of various

types of metal, but the screw itself is generally made out of lead. While screw jacks are

designed purposely for raising and lowering loads, they are not ideal for side loads, although

some can withstand side loads depending on the diameter and size of the lifting screw. Shock

loads should also be avoided or minimized. Some screw jacks are built with anti-backlash.

The anti-backlash device moderates the axial backlash in the lifting screw and nut assembly

to a regulated minimum. A large amount of heat is generated in the screw jack and long lifts

can cause serious overheating. To retain the efficiency of the screw jack, it must be used

under ambient temperatures, otherwise lubricants must be applied. There are oil lubricants

intended to enhance the equipments capabilities. Apart from proper maintenance, to

optimize the capability and usefulness of a screw jack it is imperative to employ it according

to its design and manufacturers instruction. Ensure that you follow the speed, load capacity,

temperature recommendation and other relevant factors for application. Types of Screw Jack

Jacks are of mainly two types- mechanical and hydraulic. They vary in size depending on the

load that they are used to lift.

(a) Mechanical Jacks: A mechanical jack is a device which lifts heavy equipment. The most

common form is a car jack, floor jack or garage jack which lifts vehicles so that maintenance

can be performed. Car jacks usually use mechanical advantage to allow a human to lift a

vehicle by manual force alone. More powerful jacks use hydraulic power to provide more lift

over greater distances. Mechanical jacks are usually rated for maximum lifting capacity.


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(b) Hydraulic Jacks: Hydraulic jacks are typically used for shop work, rather than as an

emergency jack to be carried with the vehicle. Use of jacks not designed for a specific vehicle

requires more than the usual care in selecting ground conditions, the jacking point on the

vehicle, and to ensure stability when the jack is extended. Hydraulic jacks are often used to

lift elevators in low and medium rise buildings. A hydraulic jack uses a fluid, which is

incompressible, that is forced into a cylinder by a pump plunger. Oil is used since it is self

lubricating and stable.

(c) When the plunger pulls back, it draws oil out of the reservoir through a suction check

valve into the pump chamber. When the plunger moves forward, it pushes the oil through a

discharge check valve into the cylinder. The suction valve ball is within the chamber and opens with

each draw of the plunger. The discharge valve ball is outside the chamber and opens when the oil is

pushed into the cylinder. At this point the suction ball within the chamber is forced shut and oil

pressure builds in the cylinder.

Operational Considerations of a screw jack Maintain low surface contact pressure: Increasing the

screw size and nut size will reduce thread contact pressure for the same working load. The higher the

unit pressure and the higher the surface speed, the more rapid the wear will be. Maintain low surface

speed: Increasing the screw head will reduce the surface speed forthe same linear speed. Keep the

mating surfaces well lubricated: The better the lubrication, the longer is the service life. Grease

fittings or other lubrication means must be provided for the power screw and nut. Keep the mating

surfaces clean: Dirt can easily embed itself in the soft nut material. It will act as a file and abrade the

mating screw surface.

The soft nut material backs away during contact leaving the hard dirt particles to scrap away the

mating screw material. Keep heat away: When the mating surfaces heat up, they become much softer

and are more easily worn away. Means to remove the heat such as limited duty cycles or heat sinks

must be provided so that rapid wear of over-heated materials can be avoided. 2. Literature Review

Screw type mechanical jacks were very common for jeeps and trucks of World War II vintage. For


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example, the World War II jeeps (Willys MB and Ford GPW) were issued the "Jack, Automobile,

Screw type, Capacity 1 1/2 ton", Ordnance part number 41-J-66. This jacks, and similar jacks for

trucks, were activated by using the lug wrench as a handle for the jack's ratchet action to of the jack.

The 41-J-66 jack was carried in the jeep's tool compartment.

Screw type jack's continued in use for small capacity requirements due to low cost of production raise

or lower it. A control tab is marked up/down and its position determines the direction of movement

and almost no maintenance. The virtues of using a screw as a machine, essentially an inclined plane

wound round a cylinder, was first demonstrated by Archimedes in 200BC with his device used for

pumping water. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science

(IJSEAS) -Volume-1, Issue-3, June 2015 ISSN: 2395-3470 There is evidence of the use of screws

in the Ancient Roman world but it was the great Leonardo da Vinci, in the late 1400s, who first

demonstrated the use of a screw jack for lifting loads. Leonardos design used a threaded worm gear,

supported on bearings, that rotated by the turning of a worm shaft to drive a lifting screw to move the

load - instantly recognizable as the principle we use today.

We cant be sure of the intended application of his invention, but it seems to have been relegated to

the history books, along with the helicopter and tank, for almost four centuries. It is not until the late

1800s that we have evidence of the product being developed further. With the industrial revolution of

the late 18th and 19th centuries came the first use of screws in machine tools, via English inventors

such as John Wilkinson and Henry Maudsley The most notable inventor in mechanical engineering

from the early 1800s was undoubtedly the mechanical genius Joseph Whitworth, who recognised the

need for precision had become as important in industry as the provision of power. While he would

eventually have over 50 British patents with titles ranging from knitting machines to rifles, it was

Whitworths work on screw cutting machines, accurate measuring instruments and standards covering

the angle and pitch of screw threads that would most influence our industry today. Whitworths tools

had become internationally famous for their precision and quality and dominated the market from the

1850s. Inspired young engineers began to put Whitworths machine tools to new uses. During the

early 1880s in Coaticook, a small town near Quebec, a 24- year-old inventor named Frank Henry


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Sleeper designed a lifting jack. Like da Vincis jack, it was a technological innovation because it was

based on the principle of the ball bearing for supporting a load and transferred rotary motion, through

gearing and a screw, into linear motion for moving the load. The device was efficient, reliable and

easy to operate.

It was used in the construction of bridges, but mostly by the railroad industry, where it was able to lift

locomotives and railway cars. Local Coaticook industrialist, Arthur Osmore Norton, spotted the

potential for Sleepers design and in 1886 hired the young man and purchased the patent. The Norton

jack was born. Over the International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science

(IJSEAS) -Volume-1, Issue-3, June 2015 ISSN: 2395-3470 coming years the famous Norton jacks

were manufactured at plants in Boston, Coaticook and Moline, Illinois. Meanwhile, in Alleghany

County near Pittsburgh in 1883, an enterprising Mississippi river boat captain named Josiah Barrett

had an idea for a ratchet jack that would pull barges together to form a tow.

The idea was based on the familiar lever and fulcrum principle and he needed someone to

manufacture it. That person was Samuel Duff, proprietor of a local machine shop, together, they

created the Duff Manufacturing Company, which by 1890 had developed new applications for the

original Barrett Jack and extended the product line to seven models in varying capacities. Over the

next 30 years the Duff Manufacturing Company became the largest manufacturer of lifting jacks in

the world, developing many new types of jack for various applications including its own version of

the ball bearing screw jack. It was only natural that in 1928, The Duff Manufacturing Company Inc.

merged with A.O. Norton to create the Duff-Norton Manufacturing Company.

Both companies had offered manually operated screw jacks but the first new product manufactured

under the joint venture was the air motor-operated power jack that appeared in 1929. With the aid of

the relatively new portable compressor technology, users now could move and position loads without

manual effort. The jack, used predominantly in the railway industry, incorporated an air motor

manufactured by The Chicago Pneumatic Tool Company. There was clearly potential for using this

technology for other applications and only 10 years later, in 1940, the first worm gear screw jack, that


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is instantly recognizable today, was offered by Duff-Norton, for adjusting the heights of truck loading

platforms and mill tables. With the ability to be used individually or linked mechanically and driven

by either air or electric motors or even manually, the first model had a lifting capacity of 10 tons with

raises of 2 or 4. Since then the product has evolved to push, pull, lift, lower and position loads of

anything from a few kilos to hundreds of tonnes. One of the biggest single screw jacks made to date is

a special Power Jacks E-Series unit that is rated for 350 tonnes even in earthquake conditions for the

nuclear industry More recent developments have concentrated on improved efficiency and

durability, resulting in changes in both lead screw and gearbox design options for screw

jacks.

A screw jack that has a built-in motor is now referred to as a linear actuator but is essentially

still a screw jack. Today, screw jacks can be linked mechanically or electronically and with

the advances in motion-control, loads can be positioned to within microns. Improvements in

gear technology together with the addition of precision ball screws and roller screws mean

the applications for screw jacks today are endless and a real alternative to hydraulics in terms

of duty cycles and speed at a time when industry demands cleaner, quieter and more reliable

solutions.

Screws Application is used in the elevation of vehicles or objects. The operation of the screw

jack is such that it comprises a handle for driving a bolt element (Lead Screw) manually so as

to adjust the height of the Jack to elevate a vehicle or the object. The operation of the jack

manually makes it difficult for most women and the elderly to operate since much effort is

needed to drive the screw jack which results in low linear speed and time consuming. These

presently available jacks further require the operator to remain in prolonged bent or squatting

position to operate the jack.

Doing work in a bent or squatting position for a period of time is not ergonomic to human

body. It will give back ache problem in due of time. Suppose car jacks must be easy to use by


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women or whoever had problem with the tyres along the road. The objective of this paper is

therefore to modify the existing design of car jack by incorporating an electric motor into the

existing screw jack to make the operation easier, safer faster and more reliable.

3. Motorized Screw Jack Our survey in the regard in several automobile garages, revealed the

facts that mostly some difficult methods were adopted in lifting the vehicles for

reconditioning. Now the research paper has mainly concentrated on this difficulty, and hence

a suitable device has been designed, such that the vehicle can be lifted from the floor land

without application of any impact force. The fabrication part of it has been considered with

almost case for its simplicity and economy, such that this can be accommodated as one of the

essential tools on automobile garages



of International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science (IJSEAS) -Volume-1,

Issue-3, June 2015 ISSN: 2395-3470 the garages the vehicles are lifted by using screw jack.

This needs high man power and skilled labour. In order to avoid all such disadvantages, the

motorized jack has been designed in such a way that it can be used to lift the vehicle very

smoothly without any impact force. The operation is made simple so that even unskilled

labour can use it with ease.

The D.C. motor is coupled with the screw jack by gear arrangement. The screw jack shafts

rotation depends upon the rotation of D.C motor. This is a simple type of automation project.

This is an era of automation where it is broadly defined as replacement of manual effort by

mechanical power in all degrees of automation. The operation remains to be an essential part

of the system although with changing demands on physical input, the degree of


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mechanization is increased. 4. Parts of Motorized Screw Jack The main parts of the

motorized screw jack are as follows:

(i)

D.C. motor: An electric motor is a machine which converts electrical energy to

mechanical energy. Its action is based on the principle that when a current-carrying

conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a magnetic force whose

direction is given by Flemings left hand rule. Flemings Left Hand Rule Keep the

force finger, middle finger and thumb of the left hand mutually perpendicular to one

another.

(ii) If the fore finger indicates the direction of magnetic field and middle finger indicates

the direction of current in the conductor, then the thumb indicates the direction of the

motion of conductor. When a motor is in operation, it develops torque. This torque

can produce mechanical rotation. DC motors are also like generators classified into

shunt wound or series wound or compound wound motors. Principle of Operation of

Dc Motor A simplified model of such a motor is shown in figure. The conductors are

wound over a soft iron core. DC supply is given to the field poles for producing flux.

The conductors are connected to the DC supply through brushes International Journal

of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science (IJSEAS) -Volume-1, Issue-3, June

2015 ISSN: 2395-3470 www.ijseas.com 315 A simple 2-pole DC electric motor has

6 parts, as shown in the diagram below.

An armature or rotor A commutator Brushes An axle A field magnet A DC power supply of

some sort An electric motor is all about magnets and magnetism: a motor uses magnets to

create motion.

Opposites attract and likes repel. So if there are 2 bar magnets with their ends marked north

and south, then the North end of one magnet will attract the South end of the other. On the


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other hand, the North end of one magnet will repel the North end of the other (and similarly

south will repel south). Inside an electric motor these attracting and repelling forces create

rotational motion. In the diagram above, you can see two magnets in the motor, the armature

(or rotor) is an electromagnet, while the field magnet is a permanent magnet (the field magnet

could be an electromagnet as well, but in most small motors it is not to save power).

(ii) Universal Joint: A universal joint is a positive, mechanical connection between rotating

shafts, which are usually not parallel, but intersecting. They are used to transmit motion,

power, or both. The simplest and most common type is called the Cardan joint or Hooke

joint. It is shown in Figure. It consists of two yokes, one on each shaft, connected by a cross-

shaped intermediate member called the spider. The angle between the two shafts is called the

operating angle. It is generally, but not necessarily, constant during operation. Good design

practice calls for low operating angles, often less than 25, depending on the application.

Independent of this guideline ne, mechanical interference in the construction of Cardan joints

limits the operating angle to a maximum (often about 37), depending on its proportions.

Typical applications of universal joints include aircraft, appliances, control mechanisms,

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science (IJSEAS) -Volume-1,

Issue-3, June 2015 ISSN: 2395-3470 electronics, Instrumentation, medical and optical

devices, ordnance, radio, sewing machines, textile machinery and tool drives. Universal joints

are available in steel or in thermoplastic body members. Universal joints made of steel have

maximum load-carrying capacity for a given size. Universal joints with thermoplastic body

members are used in light industrial applications in which their self-lubricating feature, light

weight, negligible backlash, corrosion resistance and capability for high-speed operation are

significant advantages.


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(iii) Remote control: A remote control is a component of an electronics device, most

commonly a television set, DVD player and home theater systems originally used for

operating the device wirelessly from a short line-of-sight distance. Remote control has

continually evolved and advanced over recent years to include Bluetooth connectivity,

motion sensor enabled capabilities and voice control. Process involved Fabrication and

assembly of remote control lifting Jack is as follows:

(a) Making of coupling: We have cut the blank of mild steel rod having diameter 60 mm and

length 70mm by using power hacksaw machine from the given rod. Turning operation of MS

rod has done on lathe machine which reduces the diameter up to 50 mm. Machining operation

has done on CNC milling machine for making slot. Drilling operation has done on drilling

machine for making hole of 10mm diameter for fixing bolt and nut. Surface finishing

operation has done by grinding machine and filing.

(b) Supporting component: Supporting component has used for fixing the D.C. motor. It has

cut from the channel by using power hacksaw machine in required size. Drilling operation

has done on drilling machine for fixing bolt. Finishing operation has done on bench vice

using file

(c) Base plate: Base plate is made from mild steel plate. It has used for fixing all components

of motorized lifting jack. Base plate has cut from mild steel plate of bigger size in to required

size of 120mmx100mm. by using gas cutter machine. Surface finishing operation has done by

using grinding machine. There are 4 holes made in the base plate by using drill bit of 10mm

diameter on drilling machine.

(d) D.C. Motor: A DC Motor of 12 Volt with a Current of 14 Amps is to produce the

movement of the machine. The motor is internal geared one. So it is strong enough to give

the required International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science


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(IJSEAS) -Volume-1, Issue-3, June 2015 ISSN: 2395-3470 torque. It can give two different

speeds in one direction and two different speeds in the opposite direction.

(e) Final finishing work: First power screw jack of 2 ton capacity has fixed on the base plate

using bolt and nut. Power screw jack has connected to one end of first coupling by using nut

bolt. First coupling has connected to one end of universal joint with the help of bolt and nut.

The other end of universal joint connected to second coupling with the help of bolt and nut.

Finally DC motor is connected to other end of second coupling with the help of nut and bolt.

DC motor has connected to main supply through DC power supply.

(f) Testing: After assembly of all components on base plate, the remote controller circuit was

made and tested to lift the car. But the battery capacity is not enough to run the motor. So it

has removed. Test was conducted by using main power supply instead of battery.

Screw Jacks are the ideal product to push, pull, lift, lower and position loads of anything from

a couple of kilograms to hundreds of tonnes. The need has long existed for an improved

portable jack for automotive vehicles. It is highly desirable that a jack become available that

can be operated alternatively from inside the vehicle or from a location of safety off the road

on which the vehicle is located. Such a jack should desirably be light enough and be compact

enough so that it can be stored in an automobile trunk, can be lifted up and carried by most

adults to its position of use, and yet be capable of lifting a wheel of a 4-5 ton vehicle off the

ground. Further, it should be stable and easily controllable by a switch so that jacking can be

done from a position of safety. It should be easily movable either to a position underneath the

axle of the vehicle or some other reinforced support surface designed to be engaged by a jack.

Thus, the product has been developed considering all the above requirements. This particular

design of the motorized screw jack will prove to be beneficial in lifting and lowering of

loads.


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3.4 Advantages

1. The loaded light vehicles can be easily lifted.

2. Checking and cleaning are easy, because the main parts are screwed.

3. Handling is easy

4. No Manual power required.

5. Easy to Repair.

6. Replacement of parts is easy

3.5 Disadvantages

Cost of the equipment is high when compared to ordinary hand jack.

Care must be taken for the handling the equipment such as proper wiring connection,

battery charging check-up, etc.

3.6 Applications

1. It is useful in auto-garages.

2. This motorized screw jack is used for lifting the vehicles. Thus it can be useful for the

following types of vehicles in future Maruthi, Ambassador, Fiat, Mahindra


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CHAPTER 4

FABRICATION OF THE MOTORIZED SCREW JACK

(Motorised scissor screw jack)

4.1 PROPOSED DESIGN MODEL OF MOTORIZED SCREW JACK


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4.2 PROPOSED DESIGN POWER SUPPLY UNIT FOR

MOTOR


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4.3 PROPOSED DESIGN MOTOR MOUNTING FOR SCREW

LEAD IN JACK


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4.4 PROPOSED DESIGN MOTOR MOUNTED FINAL

PRODUCT WORKING ON MOTOR AUTOMATICALLY


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4.5 HARDWARE USED IN PROJECT:

Fabricated Scissor Jack

Mounting Plate

Threaded Screw

Base Plate

Bearing

Coupling

Movable Joints

Steel Plates For Supporting

Welding Electrodes

Motor

Hardwares To Fit

Power Supply

Switch

4.6 TOOLS USED IN PROJECT:

Welding Machine

Screw driver

Spanner

Soldering Rod

Soldering flux


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ESTIMATION OF THE PROJECT WORK

HARDWARE USED ESTIMATION COST

FABRICATION OF JACK 1525

MOTOR 900

MOTOR MOUNT CLAMP 400

LOCKER BOLD HOLDER 200

COTTER PIN MOULD 500

BASE PLATE FOR WEIGHT 100

POWER SUPPLY 300

WELDING LABOUR COST 550

LABOUR COST IN LATHE 400

LEAD SCREW CUTTING 750

OTHER EXPENSES 375

TOTAL COST 6000


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CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

Screw Jacks are the ideal product to push, pull, lift, lower and position loads of

anything from a couple of kilograms to hundreds of tonnes. The need has long existed for an

improved portable jack for automotive vehicles. It is highly desirable that a jack become

available that can be operated alternatively from inside the vehicle or from a location of

safety off the road on which the vehicle is located. Such a jack should desirably be light

enough and be compact enough so that it can be stored in an automobile trunk, can be lifted

up and carried by most adults to its position of use, and yet be capable of lifting a wheel of a

4,000-5,000 pound vehicle off the ground. Further, it should be stable and easily controllable

by a switch so that jacking can be done from a position of safety. It should be easily movable

either to a position underneath the axle of the vehicle or some other reinforced support

surface designed to be engaged by a jack. Thus, the product has been developed considering

all the above requirements. This particular design of the motorized screw jack will prove to

be beneficial in lifting and lowering of loads.


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REFERENCES

http://www.engineersedge.com

http://www.efunda.com

http://www.steeltubeinstitute.org

http://www.emjmetals.com

http://www.usstubular.com

A text book of Machine Design by R.S.Khurmi,J.K.Gupta.

Design of machine elements by V.B.Bhandari.

Design of machine elements by K.Rao.

Design of Machine Elements by Farazdak Haideri.

Machine Design by S.G.Kulkarni.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_(device).

http://hubpages.com/hub/Automobile-Jacks.

http://www.radicon.com/screw-jacks.php.

http://www.powerjacks.com/PowerJacks-History-The-Screw-Jack-Story.php

BOOKS REFERRED

1. Machine design by RS KHURMI

2. Work shop technology by RK JAIN
http://www.usstubular.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_(device)http://hubpages.com/hub/Automobile-Jackshttp://www.radicon.com/screw-jacks.phphttp://www.radicon.com/screw-jacks.phphttp://hubpages.com/hub/Automobile-Jackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_(device)http://www.usstubular.com/

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Motorized Screw Jack