Mout Ka Vypar

8/12/2019 Mout Ka Vypar

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Rajiv Dxit

WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 09782705883)

cgqjk Vh; daifu;ka vkSjekSr dk O;kikj


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iLrkoukvk;qfoZKku ds{ks= esa vkfndky lseuq"; dks 'kkjhfjd vkSj ekufld d"Vksalseqf

fnykusdsfy, ftrusHkh iz;Ru gq, gSamudsihNsewy izsj.kk jgh gS ekuo lsokA jksfx;ksadhlsok lalkj dslHkh /keksZaesa,d izeq[k vax jgk gS vkSj blsvk/;kfRed mRFkku dk O;kogkfjdvk/kkj le>k x;k gSA

fiNys200&300 o"kksZa esacgqjk"Vh; dEifu;ksadsmn; dslkFk gh lsok dk ;g {ks=cgqr cM+sO;kikj eascny x;kA cgqjk"Vh; nok dEifu;ksa }kjk Hkkjh ek=k esanok fuekZ.k dsdkj.k vkSj mudh [kir djokus ds dkj.k fpfdRlk vkSj nok m|ksx dh dk;Z iz.kkyh esa

Hkkjh ifjorZu vk;kA nksuksa ,d nwljs ds iwjd cu x;sA O;kolkf;d :i lsrS;kj gksrsfpfdRldksaus blesaegoiw.kZHkwfedk fuHkkuk 'kqj dj fn;kA oscgqjk"Vh; dEifu;ksads ,ts.Vcu x;s vkSj nwljh rjQ cgqjk"Vh; nok dEifu;ksaus


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pg. 3


Table of Contentsthou j{kk l ekSr d O;kikj rd................................................................................................................................................ 4Hkkjrh; nok m|ksx ij dCtk..................................................................................................................................................... 6tku yok nokvk dk O;kikj..................................................................................................................................................... 11vuko;d nokvk o xSj&t:jh VkWfudksdk mRiknu ..................................................................................................................... 22vkfFkZd nksgu........................................................................................................................................................................ 28>wB ij fVdk vFkZkk............................................................................................................................................................ 35ljdkj vkSj U;k;ikfydk Hkh lokyksds ?ks js e.............................................................................................................................. 39cgjkVh; dEifu;ksls e nok&m|ks x dh t:jr....................................................................................................................... 44dhVukkdk dk Hkh fukkuk g gekjk LokLF;................................................................................................................................. 50


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pg. 4


thou j{kk ls ekSr ds O;kikj rd;wjksi dh vkS|ksfxd kfar us ekuo bfrgkl esa;qxkUrdkjh ifjorZu yk;sA d`fk

vkSj dkjhxjh ij fVds lekt dh cqfu;knsa ,d&,d djds


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pg. 5


bl i)fr dksLFkk;h :i nsusdsfy, bu nskksadh Lonskh fpfdRlk i)fr;ksadks [kRe djuk t:jh Fkk] ftuds jgrs,yksiSFkh dk fodkl laHko ughaFkkA lkezkT;oknhnskksaus ,d&,d djds kkflr nskksadh fpfdRlk if)r;ksa dks ;g dgdj udkjuk kq:

fd;k fd osiqjkruiaFkh gSarFkk ekuo ihM+kvksa dk bykt dj ikus esal{ke ughagSaA fdlkezkT;oknh kf;ksadh bUk lkftkksads pyrsfdruh Lonskh vkSk/k iz.kkfy;ksausne rksM+fn;k vkSj fdruh vkt Hkh rksM+jghagSa] bldk vklkuh lsvuqeku ughayxk;k tk ldrkA

ifpe esa;g ubZ fpfdRlk i)fr lekt dh t:jrksa ,oaogk dh ifjfLFkfr;ksads eqrkfcd Hkysgh mi;ksxh Bgjrh gksysfdu Hkkjr tSlsrhljh nqfu;k dsreke lkjsnskksads lkekftd ifjosk] tyok;q ,oa vU; ifjfLFkfr;ksa dsu rks;s iwjh rjg vuqdwy gksrh gSavkSj u gh djksM+ksaxjhc ejhtksa dk bykt dj ikus esal{ke gSaA cfYd myVsblusreke

LokLF; lEcU/kh tfVyrkvksadkstUe fn;k gSA

f}rh; egk;q) dsckn lkezkT;okn vkSj mifuoskokn dh iqjkuh nhokjsarks j[kkgS tgk ij ;sviuh mu gtkjksa nokvksadk fuekZ.k vkSj fch djrh gSaftu ij] izk.k&?kkrdizHkkoksa dsdkj.k] mudsLo;adsnsk dslkFk&lkFk nqfu;k ds reke nskksa esaizfrca/k yxkgksrk gSA

;g dSlh foMEcuk gS fd ekuork dkskkjhfjd ihM+kvksa lsfutkr fnykusdsfy, [kksth xbZ ubZ fpfdRlk i)fr dkscgqjkVh; fuxeksaus ekSr ds O;kikj esacny fn;kAfoo LokLF; laxBu Hkh bl ckr dks Lohdkj djrk gS fd nok cukus okyh nqfu;k dh cM+hcgqjkVh; fuxesavius equkQsds fy, xjhc eqYdksa essagtkjksa&gtkj vuki&luki nok, Bwl

jgh gSatksjksxksalseqf fnykusdsctk; jksfx;ksads izk.k ysysrh gSaA


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pg. 6


Hkkjrh; nok m|ksx ij dCtkvktknh ds ckn 1948 dh jkVh; vkS|ksfxd uhfr uscgqjkVh; dEifu;ksa dks

Hkkjr dh vkfFkZd nqfu;k esaQyus&Qwyus dk Hkjiwj volj fn;kA Hkkjr ds izFke iz/kkuea=htokgj yky usg: dh fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk] ifpe dspepekrs vkS|ksfxd ekMy ds izfr

mudh jh> ,oaxka/kh dh dqVhj vFkZO;oLFkk ds izfr mudsfodkZ.k us Hkkjr dks;wjksi dhfodkloknh vo/kkj.kk ds jkLrsij pyusdsfy, etcwj dj fn;kA laln esausg: dsc;kuus fonskh cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksa dks vkSj vf/kd izksRlkfgr fd;kA usg: us fonskh iwth fuoskvkSj fonskh cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksadksLokxr djrs gq, dgk Fkk fd bllsfodkl dh izf;kdks vkxs c


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pg. 7


u;k ;ksxnku Lonskh nok rduhd ds fodkl esadkQh egRo dk gSA bl rjg Lora=rkvkanksyu dsnkSjku vU; {ks=ksadh Hkkfr nok m|ksx ds Hkh {ks= esajkVh;rk dk lapkj gqvkFkk vkSj fcuk fonskh enn ds Hkkjrh; vkSk/k QkekZL;wfVdy m|ksx dks fodflr djusdk

ladYi fy;k x;k FkkAysfdu bldslkFk gh lkFk cgqjkVh; dEifu;k Hkh viuk dkjksckj c


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pg. 8


4- Hkkjrh; fpfdRlk vuqla/kku ifjkn ubZ nokvksadk forj.k djs ifjkn dksu rksctVfn;k x;k gSu iz;ksxkkyk,a5- mRiknu ykblsal nsrs o vfuok;Z 117 nok,a cukrs jgusdk ok;nk fy;k tkuk

pkfg;sdksbZ ok;nk vc ughafy;k tkuk gS6- xq.kokk fu;a=.k ds dkuwu l[r fd;s tk;sa xq.kokk tkp ds fy;s nokb;ksa dkjklk;fud la?kBu tkuuk gksrk gSA ubZ uhfr esacgqjkVh; dEifu;k ;g crkusdsfy;sck/;ughagSa7- nokb;ksa ds czkaM ukeksa dks/khjs&/khjslekIr dj fn;k tk;s nokb;ksa ds ,dkf/kdkj dksckSrk vkj u;k isVUV dkuu

xSV le>kSrk gksuslsvkSj Hkkjrh; isVsUV dkuwu & 1970 ds cnystkus lsHkkjrh; nok m|ksx iwjh rjg uV gkstk;sxk vkSj Hkkjrh; nok cktkj ij ,dkf/kdkjoknhcgqjkVh; nok dEifu;k Nk tk;asxhA xSV le>kSrs esalclsegRoiw.kZfgLlk ckSf)d lEinkdkuwuksafVIl dks ysdj gS ftldsdkj.k gekjk 1970 dk Hkkjrh; isVsUV dkuwu iwjh rjg

cny tk;sxkA 1 tuojh 95 dksljdkj us ,d v/;knsk ds tfj;s u;k isVsUV dkuwu ykxwHkh dj fn;k FkkA gkykafd nskO;kih fojks/k ds dkj.k u;k isVsUV dkuwu laln lseatwjh ughaik ldkA

1956 esavaxzstksaus isVsUV O;oLFkk ykxwdh FkhA 1911 esaHkkjrh; isVsUV vkSjfMtkbu ,DV cuk;k x;k ftldk mn~ns; Hkkjrh; cktkj dks fczfVk m|ksxksadsv/khucukuk FkkA fczfVk isVsUV /kkjdksausHkkjr esaph dher okysfu;kZr }kjk gekjscktkjksadkkksk.k fd;k vkSj djksM+ksa:i;sdek;sFksA ;g ykfteh Fkk fd ;g kksk.k nok {ks= esaHkhgksrkA vktknh dsigysvkSj ckn esaHkh nokvksadk mRiknu cgqr de Fkk vkSj nsk eq[;r%

vk;kr ij gh fuHkZj FkkA dksbZubZ nok vkrh Fkh rksog isVsUV /kkjdksadh ethZdsvuqlkjgh vkrh FkhA ,sfrgkfld n`fV lsfonskh dEifu;ksa usHkkjr esavius isVsUV iathd`r ughadjok;sA 1947 ls 1957 ds chp Hkkjr esadjk, x;s1704 nok isVsUVksaesa99 izfrkr isVsUVfonskh ukxfjdksadsikl FksvkSj ,d izfrkr lsde dksHkkjr esaO;kikfjd mi;ksx esayk;kx;kA

1970 dk ^Hkkjrh; isVsUV dkuwu^ gekjs fgr dseq[; {ks=ksadh j{kk djus ds fy;scuk;k x;k FkkA blesadsoy pkj {ks=ksa& nok m|ksx] d`fk jlk;u] Hkkstu vkSj fofkV

jlk;uksadsekeysesa dkuwu us 7 okZ ds fy;sizf;k isVsUV dh vuqefr nh] ysfdu mRikn

isVsUV dh vuqefr ughanh gSA eq[; ckr ;g gS fd bl dkuwu esa,dkf/kdkj dksjksdusdsfy;s ^Lor% ykblsal dsvf/kdkj^ dk izko/kku fd;k x;k gSA 1970 ds isVsUV dkuwu dks


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pg. 9


vadVkM usizxfrkhy dkuwu ?kksfkr dj mlsvU; nskksads fy;s Hkh ,d ekMy crk;kA blhdkuwu dk urhtk Fkk fd 1970 ds ckn m|ksx vkxs c


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pg. 10


vkijsku fjlpZxqzi }kjk fd;s x;slosZ ij vk/kkfjr1994&95 esanokb;ksa ds nke 1991&92 dh rqyuk esa2&3 xqusgkspqdsgSatcfd

vHkh isVsUV dkuwu iwjh rjg ykxwgksuk ckdh gSA 2 nokb;ksadh vkiwfrZ izHkkfor gksxh D;ksafd

vc ;g vk;kr ij T;knk fuHkZj gksxhA 3 nok m|ksx esau;siwath fuosk ij vlj iMsxkA4 ljdkj }kjk lapkfyr jkVh; LokLF; j{kk dk;Ze tksmu ukxfjdksads fy;spyk,tkrsgSatksvius LokLF; dh vko;drkvksadsfy;s[kpZ ugha dj ldrs] izHkkfor gksaxsA 5

jkVh; nok m|ksx dk fodkl izHkkfor gksxkA 6 jkVh; kks/k ,oa fodkl izHkkfor gksxkAvkt nqfu;k dsnok mRiknu ds90% fgLlsij 30 cM+h cgqjkVh; nok dEifu;k

viuk vf/kdkj j[krh gSavkSj vuqfpr isVsUV O;oLFkk vkSj ckSf)d lEink vf/kdkjksadh j{kkds uke ij] 90 fodklkhy nskksa] tgk nok dk LFkkuh; mRiknu ughagS vkSj osvf/kdrjvk;kr ij fuHkZj djrs gSa] dh vlgk; xjhc vkSj fujhg turk dk kksk.k dj jgh gSaA bu

lHkh 90 nskksaesafodflr nskksadsgh isVsUV dkuwu ykxwgkspqds gSaftUgsaekuusdsdkj.k os2000% vf/kd ewY; nsdj viuk kksk.k djok jgsgSaA bf.M;u MXl eSuqQSDplZ,lksfl;skuds v/;{k Jh- vkbZ- ,- eksnh dgrsgSafd Hkkjr lfgr djhc 15 fodklkhy nsk ,slsgSatksviuh nok vko;drkvksa dh iwfrZdsfy;sQkewZyskuks dsmRiknu esayxHkx vkRefuHkZj gSaAbu nskksaesaHkh Hkkjr gh ,d ek= nsk gS tgk nok mRiknu vHkh Hkh nskh mRikndksa dsgkFkesagSA vU; 14 nskksaesanokb;ksadk eq[; mRiknu ;k rkslh/kscgqjkVh; dEifu;ksa}kjkfu;fU=r gksrk gS;k cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksalsykblsal izkIr jkVh; bdkb;ksa}kjk gksrk gSftudh nokb;ksads fch ewY; dksizR;{k ;k ijks{k :i lscgqjkVh; dEifu;k fu;fU=r

djrh gSaA Hkkjr bldk viokn gS ;gk 60%lsvf/kd nok QkeZwysku vkSj 80%lsvf/kdcYd nok,a iwjh rjg ls jkVh; bdkb;ksa }kjk mRikfnr gks jgh gSaA jkVh; nokb;ksadkfu;kZr esa fgLlk 70% gSA bu 15 nskksaesaLFkkuh; mRiknu ds dkj.k vkSj Hkkjr esa1970 dsisVsUV dkuwu ds dkj.k nok ewY; laLkkj esalclslLrsgSaA ewY;ksaesa500%ls2000%rddk vUrj gSAlUnHkZ1- Mx baMLVh ,sUM n bafM;u ihiqy lEiknd MkW vfer lsu xqIr] izdkkd fnYyh

lkbal Qksje o QsMjsku vkQ esfMdy fjizstsUVsfVOl ,lksfl,ku vkWQ bafM;k iqLrd dsts- ,l- etwenkj dsys[k ls mn~?k`r] i`- 8A

2- Hkkjrh; nok m|ksx ij cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksadh dkyh Nk;k&MkW lej jk;pkS/kjh] ihiqYl ifCyfkax gkml] i`- 12A


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pg. 11


tku yok nokvks dk O;kikjgekjsnsk esabl le; yxHkx 515 nok, ,slh gSatkscktkj esayxHkx 8000

fofHk ukeksalsfcd jgh gSaA bu nokvksaij nqfu;k dsreke nskksaesaikcUnh yxk;h tk pqdhgS rFkk buds fuekZ.k vkSj fch dks?kkrd vijk/k ?kksfkr fd;k tk pqdk gSA MkDVjksavkSj

oSKkfudksadk dguk gS fd ;snok, izk.k?kkrd gSavkSj vkneh dsj dksiznwfkr dj dSalj]ydok] va/kkiu] fodykaxrk tSlh Hk;adj chekfj;ksadks tUe nsrh gSarFkk kjhj dh jksx lsyM+us dh {kerk [kRe dj nsrh gSaA ;s nokb;k vkus okyh ihf


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19- ,ehDyhu20 ,ehthy Iyl21- DyksjksiDVMhu22- Mk;Mkshu23- b.Vjkstkbe24- vk;Mkstksy25- vk;MkslkbDyhu26- esVkhu27- U;wVkstkbe28-vk;MksgkbMkfDlhu29- fukstksy30- ,uYthu vkLVsfy;k] vkfLV;k]

csfYt;e] fpyh] MsuekdZ]kal] xzhl] fe] btjkby]bVyh] tkiku] dksfj;k]eSfDldks] usiky] LohMu]vesfjdk] fczVsu] teZuh vkfnA

vfLFk&eTtk esaosr jdf.kdkvksa ds cuus esa Hkkjhck/kk igqaprh gS ftldsdkj.kgM~fM;ksa,oaekalisfk;ksadh

lajpuk esaHk;adj fodkjmRi gkstkrsgSa] tksvUrrksxRok bUgsa{kh.k djbudslsou djusokysdksfugk;r detksj dj e`R;q

rd igqpk nsrh gSA

31- csjkYxu32- cLdkiku33- cwVkfYtu34- Qkjtsfld35- ekykZftu36- vkDlhikst37- flukYtsfld38- ftekfYtu39- vYVkftu40- QhuksfYtu441- ikekftu

42- ,ih QksV vkfLV;k] csfYt;e] MsuekdZ]xzhl] bVyh] U;wthySaM]flaxkiqj nf{k.k vhdk]FkkbZyS.M] fczVsu] vesfjdk]teZuh] ckaXyknsk vkfnA

xHkZ.kh efgykvksadksnh tkusokyh ;snok, xHkZLFk fkkqvksadksfodykax dj nsrh gSaA;fn fcuk xHkZorh efgyk dksnsfn;k tk;s rksekfld /keZvfu;fer gkstkrk gSA

43- esLVkstuQksV44- vksjkslsku QksV45- vksjxkyVhu46- vksLVksjksu47- ,l- th- QksV48- DyksjksLVi49- dwij LVi ckaXyknsk] lkbizl] MsuekdZ]bVyh] tkiku] osr j

df.kdkvksadscuususiky]

vfLFk&eTtk dks{kfrxzLrdj esack/kk mRi djrh gSa rFkk

50- DyksjksEQsfudky,.MLVIVkeskbflu


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pg. 13


51- baVLVksLVi ukosZ] fQyhihal LohMu]csustq,yk] ikfdLrku]eysfk;kA

kjhj dh izfrjks/kd {kerklekIr dj e`R;qdh vksj


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pg. 14


dukMk] fpyh] lkbizl]MsuekdZ] bVyh] ekjhkl]vesfjdk vkfnA

80- ,ksekbflu bVyh] usiky] LohMu]vesfjdk] csustq,ykA bu nokvksaesa ekStwn foVkfeulh flQZ nek c


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pg. 15


Hkh csgn uqdlkunsg gSaA ysfdu lkjslfEeJ.k cgqjkVh; fuxeksa}kjk rS;kj fd;svkSj vkiwfrZfd;s tkrsgSaA

[krjukd xHk fujks/kd cgjkVh; lkekT;okn ds xIr gfFk;kjcgqjkVh; dEifu;ksa] foo cSad vkSj vUrjjkVh; eqnzk dksk }kjk Fkksis x;slajpukRed lek;kstu dk;Zeksa dh vfuok;Z krZ gS tula[;k fu;a=.kA gkykafd bl krZdk yksxksa dh ftanxh csgrj cukuslsdksbZ eryc ughaij ;g krzZ lqfufpr djrh gS fdgj gFkd.Mk viuk dj gj gkyr esafodklkhy nskksa dh tula[;k dksfu;af=r fd;k tk;vkSj lkFk esacgqjkVh; dEifu;ksa}kjk cuk;s tk jgs[krjukd xHkZ fujks/kdksadkscspdj HkkjhequkQk Hkh dek;k tk;A fiNysrhu nkdksalsljdkj dk ifjokj fu;kstu dk;Ze vesfjdhvkfFkZd lgk;rk lstqM+h krksZadsvuqlkj py jgk FkkA ftldsfy;sljdkj us xHkZfujks/kdksa

ds LFkku ij ulcUnh ij tksj fn;k] ijUrq tksj tcjnLrh ulcUnh djusds jktuSfrdnqifj.kke lkeusvk;s rks;g uhfr R;kx nh x;h vkSj xHkZfujks/kd nokb;ksadksizksRlkgufn;k x;kA

Hkkjrokfl;ksadks xsgw&pkoy dschp pquko dj HkjisV [kkuk fnykusesavleFkZjgh ljdkj bl ckr ds fy;s rS;kj Fkh fd bu Hkw[kh vkSjrksadksnqfu;k dh ubZ xHkZfujks/kdnok feysA 60 dsnkd esabtkn T;knkrj xHkZ fujks/kd] gkeksZu ij vk/kkfjr yEch vof/k

rd vlj j[kus okys jlk;u gh FksA buesa d`f=e gkeksZu bLVkstu vkSj izkstsLVku dsvyx&vyx feJ.kksalscusxHkZfujks/kd kkfey Fks] ftUgsa[kkus dh xksfy;ksalsysdj lqb;ksa]

peM+h dsvUnj jksistkusokysdSIlwy] ;ksfu esaj[kstkusokysNYyksa] ukd esafNM+dh tkusokyh nokb;ksads:i esabLrseky fd;k x;kA bLVkstu o izkstsLVku dsla;ksx lscuh ;snokb;k xEHkhj chekfj;ksadk dkj.k cuha] ftuesafny o jpki dh chekjh] Fksteusdhchekjh] dSalj] ikpu lEcU/kh xM+cfM+;k] Hkzw.k ij foijhr vlj okyh chekfj;k kkfey FkhAblh nkSjku nksubZ izdkj dh lqb;ksadk Hkh vkfodkj gqvkA teZuh dh ^ksfjax , th^ ukeddEiuh }kjk cuk;h ^usV&bu^ o vesfjdk dh vitku dEiuh }kjk cukbZ ^fMiksizksosjk^A usVbu vkSj fMiksizksosjk lqb;ksadsxEHkhj izHkko vkSjrksads kjhj ij iM+rsgSa] lqbZ yxokus dsckn vkSjrksadk kjhj Qwy tkrk gS] pj vkrs gSa] ljnnZ dh fkdk;r] Fkdku] Hkw[k u yxuk]

vFkok vR;f/kd Hkw[k yxuk] oSokfgd lEc/kksavkSj fdlh dks gj le; [kwu fjlrk jgrk gSAvxj os cPpsdks Lruiku djk jgh gSarks nw/k dh ek=k o xq.kokk ij vlj iM+rk gSA isV

o LruksadksNwuslsnnZ] ?kcjkgV o mnklh dh chekjh] ,ythZ] n; jksx [kwu dsFksteusdh chekjh Hkh gks ldrh gSA dqy feykdj Msiksizksosjk dsfuekZrk us78 nqizHkkoksadksLohdkjfd;k gSA ,d ckj yxokus ds ckn nqckjk vkSjrsabudsikl QVdrh Hkh ughaA ijUrqbudhfuekZrk cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksaA kksfjax , th o vitkWu ij dksbZ vlj ughagqvk D;ksafdbUgksaus fodklkhy nskksaesa viuscktkj


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pg. 16


fdkksfj;ksadks ml le; lsfMiksizksosjk yxkrspysvk jgsgSatc ogk dh ljdkj us blsLohd`fr rd ughanh FkhA blh rjg U;wthySaM dsvkfnokfl;ksao baxySaM ds vosrksa dks ;glqbZ yxkbZtk jgh gS] vkSj vc rhljh nqfu;k dsvU; eqYdksaesabldk izpkj&izlkj fd;k

tk jgk gSA fMiksizksosjk dh Hkq Hkksxh oslHkh euq; iztkfr;k gSaftudh la[;k dkslhferj[kuk osr uLy dh vxqokbZcuk, j[kusdsfy;s vko;d gSA

,M~l vkj d.Mkse dk O;kikj,M~l dk gYyk epk dj cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksalkFk gh lkFk nskh dEifu;ksa us

Hkh usd.Mkse dk cktkj [kM+k fd;k gS vkSj dbZlkS djksM+:i;s dk lkykuk equkQk dekjgh gSaA gkykafd ,M~l [krjukd chekjh gS vkSj ;kSu lalxZdsvykok dbZvU; rjhdksalsHkh bldk izlkj gksrk gSA tSlsbUtsDku dh lqbZ }kjk] j ysusls,oa ilhusds lEidZ

}kjkA ijUrq cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksa dh kg ij ,M~l dks jksdus ds ftu rjhdksadks T;knkizpkfjr fd;k tk jgk gS muesagSalqjf{kr lEHkksx vkSj d.Mkse dk iz;ksxA MkDVj ykMZ vksdfyaXl dsvuqlkj ,d ckj ds;kSu lEidZ ls0-1&1 izfrkr lqbZ ls0-5&1 izfrkr] jp


18/61

pg. 17


usV bu LVhjkW;MukjsfFkLVsku,uUFksV

laysfkrizkstsLVsjku

ksfjax ,- th-teZuh

nkseghusesafn;ktkus

okyk gSAbUtSDku

fi;wkxzfUFk dsgkeksZu dks

jksdrk ;gv.Mkidus vkSjv.MksRlxZdks jksdrkgSA

fcuktkudkjhds;g

batsDkufn;k tkldrk gSAbldknqizHkkough [kRegks ldrkgS

pkSFkkpj.k

lekIr gks

pqdk gSkgjksaesabLrsekydsfy;s

rS;kj

Msiksiksojk fMikeSMjkSDlhizkstsLVsjkWu,flVsV

vitkWudEiuh;w-,l-,

gj nkseghuksaesaekalisfk;ksaesafn;k tkus

okykbUtsDku

v.MksRlxZjksdrk gSAxzzhoysek dkskqk.kqxzg.kdjus ls

jksdrk

gS] xHkkZk;dh Bgjusdsnhokjksadks xHkZvuqi;qcukrk gSA

ekgokjhp esanksk iSnkdjrk gSAdSalj]

jpkitSlhchekfj;k

iSnkdjrk gSA

izfrcfU/krekdsZVfujh{k.kdsckncktkj esaykusdhvuqefrfey x;h

gSA

ekykMh de ek=k dh,LVksu oizkstsLVku dhxksfy;k

vuqiyC/k [kkusdhxksfy;

v.MksRlxZdks jksdrk

gSAxHkkZk;dhnhokjsaxHkZBgjusgSaAdsvuqi;qcukrh gSA

lHkhnqizHkko

tks nwljsd`f=egkeksZu lsgksrsfu;fer

lsou udjus lsvlj ugha

jgrkA

fcukMkDVj dhiphZdscktkj ls[kjhnh tk

ldrh gSA


19/61

pg. 18


vkj- ;w-496:lSy;wDyQ

izksLVkXykfUMugkeksZu

gks,LV ,- th-teZuh

[kkusdhxksfy;k

vuqiyC/k 49 fnuksadscknysusls

xHkZikrughagksrko cPpkfodykaxiSnk gks

ldrk gSA

Cktkj esamiyC/k

UkjIykaV fyokukjtsLVky]d`f=eizkstsLVkugkeksZu

fy;jktQkekZL;qfVdy]

fQu yS.M}kjkfufeZr

bUtsDku vuqiyC/k eklisfk;k


20/61

pg. 19


ubZ fnYyh fodflrdjrk gS

eq ;kSu dh laLdfr vkSj mlsd.Mkse }kjk lqj{kk dop iguk dj izpkfjrdjus ls;qokvksadh mtkZ dk izokg fdl fnkk esaeksM+ fn;k x;k gS ;g vyx ls,d cgqrgh xEHkhj loky gSA

fLeFkykbu chpe dEiuh dk [krjukd VhdkcPpksadh xysdh chekjh eEil dh jksdFkke dsfy;s^;wjsc LVsu^ dsVhds

ds Hk;kud nqizHkkoksa dksns[krsgq, tkiku] dukMk vkSj baXyS.M usbldsbLrseky ijjksd

yxk nh gSA dukMk vkSj baXyS.M ds MkDVjksads eqrkfcd ;wjsc Vhdk yxkusdsckn cPpksaesafnekxh cq[kkj vkSj fnekx dh ijh ijr rFkk es: jTtw ij lwtu dk vlj ik;k x;kAijUrq Hkkjr ljdkj bu lclscs[kcj gS ;k cgqjkVh; dEiuh dk izHkko gS fd vkt Hkh ;gVhdk xkaokssaesacM+siSekus ij bLrseky fd;k tk jgk gSA ;|fi fLeFkykbu chpe dEiuh usbl Vhdsdk mRiknu cUn djuk r; dj fy;k gS ijUrqHkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku esabl Vhdsdk Hkkjh LVkd tek gSvkSj ljdkj mldk mi;ksx tkjh j[ksgq, gSA

[krjukd VFkisLVxzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky; }kjk rS;kj fd;sx;s,d v/;;u esabl ckr ij xEHkhj

vlarksk O; fd;k x;k fd cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksads xSax usfdl izdkj nok vkSj dkLesfVd,DV&1992 dh /kfTTk;k mM+k nhA bl dkuwu esayksjkbM feysgq, VwFkisLVksadh fch ijdqN ikcfUn;k yxk nh x;h FkhaA jkVh; is;ty vk;ksx }kjk rS;kj fd;sx;sbl nLrkostesaxzkeh.k {ks=ksaesayksjksfll uked chekjh ftlesagfM~M;k detksj gks tkrh gSa] nkar fxjtkrsgSa dsf[kykQ yM+jgs LokLF; dfeZ;ksa,oavU; fokskKksadkslpsr fd;k x;k gSA 90ist dsbl nLrkost esadgk x;k gS fd yksjksfll uked chekjh mu {ks=ksaesavf/kd gksrhgS tgk is;ty esayksjkbM dh ek=k vf/kd gksrh gSA

1945 dsnok vkSj dkLesfVd dkuwu esalakks/ku djrs gq, cuk, x;s^nok vkSjdkLesfVd ,DV& 1992^ ds ykxwgksuslsigysgh ljdkj ,d xtV uksVhfQdsku }kjkVwFkisLV fuekZrkvksads fy;srhu krksZadh lwph cuk pqdh FkhA igyh] dksbZ Hkh VwFkisLV esayksjkbM dh ek=k 1000 ih- ih- ,e- ikVZij fefy;u lsvf/kd ughagksuh pkfg;snwljs]izR;sd VwFkisLV fMCcs ij cukus vkSj vuqi;ksxh gksusdh rkjh[ksalqLiV fy[kh tkuh pkfg,A

rhljs] izR;sd VwFkisLV V~;wc ij ;g psrkouh fy[kh gksuh pkfg, fd 7 okZlsde ds cPpsyksjkbM ;q VwFkisLV dk bLrseky ughadjsaxsA ijUrq ;g uksVhfQdsku tc tkjh gqvk rksblesacPpksadh psrkouh okyh krZ gh xk;c gksx;hA nLrkostdh lEiknd vky bf.M;kbaLVhV~;wV vkQ esfMdy lkbalst dh Mk- ,- ds-lqkhyk us crk;k fd ,slk VwFkisLV fuekZrkcgqjkVh; dEifu;ksads ncko eas fd;k x;kA D;ksafd ;sdEifu;k pkgrh Fkh fd Hkkjrh;


21/61

pg. 20


ljdkj dksbZ dM+k :[k u viuk;s] vU;Fkk lkjsfodklkhy nskksa dhljdkjsabl rjg dkdkuwu cuk nsaxh vkSj cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksadk vjcksa:i;sdk dkjksckj lekIr gks tk;sxkAMk-lqkhyk us ,d [kkeh dh vksj vkSj bkkjk fd;kA mUgksausdgk fd cgqjkVh; dEifu;k

;g rksfy[k nsrh gSafd fuekZ.k ds le; VwFkisLV eas1000 ih- ih- ,e- lsde yksjkbMfeyk;k x;k gS] ijUrq ftu dPps eky dk bLrseky VwFkisLV cukus essa gksrk gS mlesaLo;adHkh&dHkh bl lhek lsT;knk yksjkbM gksrk gSA fokskKksausfQj ekax dh gS fd nok vkSjdkLesfVd ,DV & 92 esaHkh bl fnkk esa lakks/ku gksuspkfg;sA

D;k VwFkisLV esayksjkbM feyk;k tkuk pkfg,] bl ij fiNysokksZals yxkrkjcgl pyrh jgh gSA D;ksafd yksjksfll uked chekjh dk dksbZbykt ughagS vkSj blsdsoyyksjkbM dh ek=k lsfu;af=r fd;k tk ldrk gSA ysfdu isLV fuekZrk dEifu;ksaij D;kvlj iM+rk gSA mUgsa rksvf/kd lsvf/kd equkQslserycA

cpM [kkusls [kwu vkj gfM~M;k nok dEifu;k ys tkrh g fnYyh dsbZnxkg cwpM+[kkusls jkstkuk fudyus okyk 13 gtkj yhVj [kwu

cM+h&cM+h nok dEifu;k VkWfud cukusdsfy;s ystkrh gSaA [kklrkSj ij xHkZorh efgykvksadsfy;sikqvksads[kwu lscuusokyk ^MsDlksjsat^ VkWfud cgqr yksdfiz; gSA [kwu gh ugha]dkVsx;sikqvksads rdjhcu gj vax dk bLrseky VwFkisLV] ljsl] Qsohdksy] phuh ds cjru]

luekbdk] balwfyu bUtsaDku vkfn cukus esagksrk gSA cwpM+[kkusesalc tkuojksadk feyktqyk [kwu bdV~Bk fd;k tkrk gSaA bldsckotwn nok cukus okyh dEifu;ksadks[kwu dh

deh iM+rh jgrh gSA[kwu dslkFk&lkFk ckdh vaxksdk bLrseky Hkh nokbZ vkSj dbZ nwljh phtsacukus

esafd;k tkrk gSA budh gfM~M;ksa dkstykdj mldk ikmMj VwFkisLV] phuh ds crZu vkSjluekbdk cukusa esaa bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA yCck dysth ds fiksdsikl dk VqdMk dkbLrseky cjukSy V~;wc cukusvkSj balqfyu bUtsDku esagksrk gSA gkstM+h tkuojksa ds isV dhFkSyh ftlesa [kkuk tek gksrk gS lsisiVwu cuk;k tkrk gSA tkuojksadk yhoj Hkh VkWfudvkSj bUtsDku cukus esabLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA

ePNj ekj nok, ?kkrd g,d rjQk tgk vuqla/kkudrkZ ePNjksalseqf dsfy;s ijskku gSaoghanwljh rjQ cgqjkVh;

m|ksx ePNj Hkxkusokyh nok,a vkSj vU; midj.k dkQh cMs+iSekusij cukusesayxsgq,gSaA ePNjekj nokvksavkSj midj.kksadkscM+siSekusij mRikfnr] foKkfir vkSj fch fd;ktk jgk gSA djksM++ksavjcksa MkWyj dk budk dkjksckj gksx;k gS midj.kksavkSj nokvksalsePNj rks HkkxrsgSaijUrq ekuo LokLFk ij budk xEHkhj vlj iMrk gSA

fiNysfnuksafoo LokLF; laxBu uscrk;k fd ePNjksalscpus dsfy;s fudyhvf/kdrj nokvksaesaesYQkshu uked jlk;u gksrk gS tksfnekx vkSj kjhj ds fy;s?kkrd

gks ldrk gSA gekjs nsk esaePNjekj nokvksaesadqN ,slsdhVukkdksadk iz;ksx gksjgk gS


22/61

pg. 21


tks vU; nskksaesa izfrcfU/kr gSaA blh dkj.k fuekZrk dEifu;k dhVukkd mRiknksadh lajpukdh tkudkjh dk [kqyklk Hkh ughadjrhaA

cktkj eas fcd jgs bu ePNjekj czkaM+ks esa fokSys jlk;u ^Mh&,Fkhyhu^ dk

bLrseky fd;k tk jgk gS ftldsyxkrkj mi;ksx lsLokLF; dsfy;s[krjk iSnk gksldrkgSA LokLF; fokskKksa ds vuqlkj fctyh lspyusokysmidj.kksaesatks/kqvk fudyrk gSmlesa QkslQhu uked xSl lsfljnnZ] ,ythZ] ukd esa[kqdh] gksBksa dk lw[kuk] xysesa[kjkkoxSjk gkstkrh gSA blds yxkrkj iz;ksx lsne ?kqVus vkSj lkl :dusdh fLFkfr cu tkrhgS tksfny vkSj nek ds ejhtksadsfy;s?kkrd gks ldrh gSA

vf/kdkak LokLF; fokskK lclsT;knk fpafrr rksmu cPPkksadsfy;sgSaftUgsatUe lsePNj ekj nokvksadks >syuk iM+rk gSA T;knkrj ek&cki viuscPpksads fudVdNqvk Nki] dSLij ;k xqM ukbV tyk nsrsgSarkfd mUgsaePNj u yxsA cPpsT;knk rhoz

xfr lslkal ysrsgSablfy;s ;g /kqavk T;knk rsth lscPpksads QsQMksa esatkrk gSA vkSj cPpschekfj;ksadk fkdkj gks tkrs gSaA ;g /kqavk xHkZorh efgykvksa ij Hkh izHkko Mkyrk gS] ftldsizHkko lseancqf) ;k fodykax cPpsiSnk gks ldrsgSaaA LokLF; fokskKksausePNjekj he dksHkh gkfudkjd crk;k gSA bu heksaesa,sls inkFkZ feyk;s tkrsgSaftudh [kqkcw lsePNj nwjHkkxrsgSaA bl he lsRopk ij >qfjZ;k iM+ldrh gSaA Ropk ij gYds&gYdsnkuso [kkfjkgks ldrh gSA

bu nokb;ksadsLFkku ij lqjf{kr fof/k;ksadk yksxksadks Kku djk;k tkuk cgqrt:jh gSA ePNjnkuh lclslLrk o lqjf{kr rjhdk gSA ePNjksadk iztuu :dsgq, ikuh esa

gksrk gSA blhfy;sjgusdsLFkkuksaij ikuh dk teko ughagksuk pkfg;sA


23/61

pg. 22


vuko;d nokvks o xSj&t:jh VkWfudks dk mRiknuHkkjr ikjjkVh; fuxeksa}kjk izfrcaf/kr vuko;d vkSj uqdlkunsg nokvksadks

[kikusdk cgqr cM+k cktkj jgk gSA nsk dh tyok;qvkSj ;gk QSyusokysfofHk jksxksadseqrkfcd bUgksausdHkh Hkh nokvksadk fuekZ.k ughafd;kA Hkkjr esaeq[; :i lsVh-ch-] dqB

jksx] vka=Toj] isfpl] Qkbysfj;k dsejht vkf/kd gSaA bl le; cktkj esa50 ls60 gtkjizdkj ds QkeZwysku miyC/k gSaA ysfdu foMEcuk gS fd Vh-ch] eysfj;k] isfpl rFkk Qkbysfj;ktSlsjksxksa dh nokvksadh cktkj esadeh gSA gkFkh desVh usviuh fjiksVZesadgk Fkk fd 117;k 150 nok, gh vR;ko;d gSatks 89&90 izfrkr yksxksa dh jksx dsO;kf/k esadke vkrh

gSaA foo LokLF; laxBu dh ,d fjiksVZ ds eqrkfcd Hkkjr esaizpfyr jksxksa dsbykt dsfy, ek= 250 nokvksadh t:jr gSaewy mRiknku tksO;kid iSekusij nokvksadh t:jrksadks iwjk djrk gS] og cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksa }kjk cgqr gh de rS;kj fd;k tkrk jgk gS] ;gk

rd dh y?kq{ks= lsHkh deA lu~1973 esabl nsk esa5]300 Vu ewy jlk;u cYd dkmRiknu gqvk] buesalsek= 10 izfrkr dk mRiknu lk/ku lEi VsDukWykth ds ek/;e lsbu fonskh vkSj cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksausfd;k FkkA ckdh 90 izfrkr dk mRiknu Hkkjrh;turk vkSj futh laLFkkvksausfd;k FkkA jkVh; {ks= eaas33 izfrkr mRiknu gqvkA uhpsdsvkdMs+ blsvkSj Hkh LiV djrsgSaA

ey jlk;u dk mRiknu fofHk {ks=ksds }kjk{ks= #i;s&djksM+es lkotfud {ks= 1976&77 1983&84 1992&93Hkkjrh; futh {ks= 43 61 102y?kq{ks = 25 155 840cgjkVh;dEifu;k 10 74 330Qsjk ,Dl ,oaQsjk nksuks 63 65 84

lzksr % gkFkh desVh Vw1978 Mx ikWfylhA , tuhZbu fjolZ MkbjsDkuA ts- ,l- etwenkjuskuy dEisu dfeVh Qkj Mx ikWfylh] jktsUnz uxj] }kjk izdkfkr rFkk Mx ,Dku

usVodZ dslzksrksa lsAbl ckr esafdlh lansg dh xqatkbk ughafd fonskh cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksausnokm|ksx ij viuk ,dkf/kdkj LFkkfir djus,oacsrgkkk equkQk dekusdh uh;r lslewps


24/61

pg. 23


uSfrd ekunaMks] jkVh; dkuwuksavkSj ok;nksa dks rksM+k gSA Hkkjr lesr xjhc eqYdksadksbudEifu;ksaus viuh tkxhj cuk j[kk gSA gekjsnsk esaftu jksxksadh cgqyrk gS vkSj mudsbykt dsfy;s nok, vko;d gSamudk mRiknu ;sdEifu;kviusQk;ns dh xf.kr lgh

djus ds fy;s u dscjkcj djrh gSaA bldscnys ;s,slh nokvksavkSj VkWfudksadk mRiknudjrh gSatksxSj&t:jh gksrh gSaA ysfdu ftlesaequkQsdk izfrkr vis{kkd`r cgqt T;knkgksrk gSA uhps fn;sx;svkdM+ksals;g ckr LiV gkstkrh gSAnok dk uke dEiuh dk uke Vueksfnr mRiknukf 1973 ds ok es mRiknuDyksjeQfudkyfe;knh c[kkjdh nok

1- ikdZ Msfol 20 Vu 11-79 Vu2- cks;fjaxj uy 30 Vu 19-58 Vu3- eSd

yscksjsVjht

25 Vu 0-47 Vu

lYQkfMfefMuilVh- ch- dhnok1- es- ,.M csdj 210 Vu 0-04 Vu

120 Vu 56-06 Vu300 Vu 135-82 Vu

vkb- ,u- ,p-Vh- ch- dhnok1- ck;ksbokal2- okuZjfgUnqLrku

10 Vu 0-13 Vu1-6 Vu 0-06 Vu90-0 Vu 6-24 Vu

lzksr % feFk ,.M fj;fyVh vkWQ Mx baMLVh Hkkjrh; nok m|ksx ij cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksadh dkyh Nk;k& MkW-lej jk; pkS/kjh ds i`B la[;k 24 lsmn~/k`r

gkFkh desVh usviuh fjiksVZ esadgk gS& Hkkjr ljdkj dk funsZk Fkk fd ftudEifu;ksadk okfkZd mRiknu dk fo;ewY; 2 djksM+:i;slsvf/kd gS] os vxj ekSfyd

jlk;u dk mRiknu ughadjsarksmUgsa u;h mi;ksxh nokvksadksrS;kj djusdh btktr ughanh tk;sxh] ysfdu vusd fonskh ,oacgqjkVh; izfrBku psewY; esaewy jlk;u dk vk;krdj QkeZwysku rS;kj dj jgsagSavkSj bl rjg os ljdkjh funsZkksadk mYya?ku dj jgsgSaAifj.kkeLo:i Hkkjrh; ;wfuVsaekjh tk jgh gSaA 66 cgqjkVh; ;wfuVksa esaes ek= 19 izfrBkuksaus lu~1973 eas ewy jlk;u dk mRiknu fd;k gSA

Hkkjr tSlsxjhc eqYd esatgk vkt Hkh 60 Qhlnh lsvf/kd yksx xjhch dhjs[kk ds uhpsth jgsgksa chekfj;ksa dk ,d eq[; dkj.k dqiksk.k gqvk djrk gSA blfy,cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksa us bldk [kwc Qk;nk mBk;kA foVkfeu vkSj izksVhu;q dSIlwyksa] VSCysVksa

rFkk VkWfud lhji rS;kj djdscktkj eassa>ksad fn;kA ysfdu vlfy;r ;g Fkh fd bUgksausftruk foVkfeu vkSj izksVhu ugha fn;k mllsvf/kd [kwu xjhcksadh gfM~M;ksa ls fupksM+fy;kA uhpsdsvkdM+scrkrsgSa &


25/61

pg. 24


uke iksVhu dh ek=k eY; yksdyVDl vykokiksVhU;wYl vyfEcd 90 xzke 225 xzke Vhu esa 27-83 :i;sikseksykWu lkjk Hkkb 90 xzke 225 xzke Vhu esaa 18-54 :i;sVksQkDl jSIVkdkl 100 xzke 250 xzke Vhu esa 41-44 :i;sghiks fyfOdM vefjdujseMht 13 xzke 200 feyh- esa 19-90,YiksfoV ,Yde 13 xzke 200 feyh- esa 17-60 :i;s

lzksr % Mx baMLVh ,.M n bafM;u ihiqy iqLrd esa MkWDVj oh- czg~e jsM~Mh ds ys[kbu,lsUly ,.M ;wtysl MXl bu n ekdsZV lslkHkkjA

,d o;Ld O;f 60 fdyksxzke otu dks 60 xzke izfrfnu dsfglkc ls izksVhudh t:jr iM+rh gSA ,d cPps 10 fdyks dks30&40 xzae izksVhu izfrfnu pkfg,A bl rjg;fn ,d cPpsdks mfPkr ek=k esaizksVhu fn;k tk; rksizksVhU;wy 225 xzke Vhu okyh dkfMCck dsoy rhu fnu pysxk vkSj bl izdkj izfrfnu dk [kpZ10 :i;k gksxkA vxj izksVhudk fyfOdM fn;k tk;srksnks cksry lsvf/kd jkst nsuk gksxk ftldh dher 35&50 :i;sgksxhA tcfd bldk ,d fodYi rS;kj fd;k x;k gS ftlsgSnjkckn QkeZwyk dgk tkrk gSts- bZ- ikVZ ds,l- ih- ,e- dsVsDLV cqd lsfy;k x;k gSA

rRo ek=k dherxsg 400 xzke 2-00 :i;scxkyh puk 160 xzke 1-00 :i;sexQyh 100 xzke 0-80 :i;srkM+xM+ ;k kj 200 xzke 1-00 :i;sdqy ;ksx 860 xzke 4-80 :i;slzksr% Mx b.MLVh ,.M n bf.M;u ihiqy ds i`B la[;k 118 ls

blesadqy izksVhu dh ek=k 113 xzke gksxhA ;fn ;g ,d cPps dksfn;k tk;srksizfrfnu dk [kpZ1 :i;s] 25 iSlsiMs+xk tc fd izksVhu fyfOdM dk [kpZ izfrfnu 35:i;siMs+xkA gSnjkckn ikmMj esaHkjiwj foVkfeu] izksVhu ,oavU; ikskd rRo gksaxs] gk] ;gpepekrs[kksy easughaayisVk gksxk vkSj u gh bldsihNsfoKkiu ,oaizpkj dh vkked,oafgald rduhd gh dke dj jgh gksxhA ysfdu pepekrh iSfdax lsrksfoVkfeu vkSjvU; ikskd rRo feyrsughaA

blh rjg XySDlksdEiuh 200 xzke ds Xywdkst ds fMCcs ij yxHkx 10&12:i;solwyrh gS] bl rjg 1 fdyksdsfMCcs dk nke 50 :i;sgqvkA bldk lsou detksjh]isfpl] fMgkbMsku] bUQsfDVo gsikVkbfVl esa fd;k tkrk gSA bu jksxksa esa ejht dks


26/61

pg. 25


dkcksZgkbMsV dh t:jr i+rh gSA 250 xzke phuh esa1000 xzke dSyksjh dscjkcj dkcksZgkbMsVizkIr gksrk gS ftldh dher vkt c


27/61

pg. 26


gksrsgSavkSj mudk vlj nks;k rhu ?kaVsrd gh jgrk gSA vr% vf/kd ek=k esaVkWafud ysuslsog lkjsvko;d rRo kjhj }kjk xzg.k gksusds ctk; ey ,oaew= ds lkFk fudy tkrsgSaA vkerkSj lslHkh VkWfudksaesadqN foVkfeu] [kfut] bUtkbe vkSj vYdksgy gksrk gSA ;s

lHkh phtsaizd`fr dslzksrksatSlsnw/k] puk] v.Mk] QyksarFkk gjh lfCt;ksaesa cgqrk;r lsfeyrsgSaA izkd`frd lzksrksa lsizkIr vko;d rRo ekuo kjhj esavokksfkr gks tkrs gSarFkknke dh n`fV lsHkh lLrs iMrsgSaA ysfdu izpkj rFkk Hkzkediw.kZc;kuckth lscgqjkVh;dEifu;k 500 djksM+ :i;slkykuk dsoy VkWfud lsdekrh gSaA bl rjg ;s dEifu;k VkWfudds uke ij gesacgdk dj gekjk kksk.k dj jgh gSaA xSj&t:jh rFkk vkdkZd ukeksa lsVkWfud cukdj bUgksaus gekjstkZrFkk vko;d ikskd rRoksa dsijEijkxr lzksrksadksxkS.kcuk fn;k vkSj iwjs Hkkjr esaVkWfud laLdfr QSyk;h gSA izpkj dh pdkpkSa/k esava/kk gqvkHkkjrh; eku cSBk gSfd tks cPpk xzkbiokVj] cwLV] gsi gkfyZDl vkSj dkEIyku ughafi;sxk

og eksVk&rktk ughagks ldrkA vkxsnh x;h lwph esacgqjkVh; dEifu;ksa}kjk cuk;sx;sVkWfudksaadh yEch QsgfjLr rFkk muds ijEijkxr izkd`frd ,oavk;qosZfnd fodYi lq>k;s x;sgSaA

tkZ rFkk kf nus oky VkWfudVkWfud dk uke dEiuh dk uke fodYi1- cLV cwLV buds ?kjsywlzksr nw/k] puk] tkS]v.Mk] Qy ,oa lfCt;k gSaA

larqfyr vkgkj ysus dsipkr~budh dksbZ vko;drk gksusij P;ouizkk dk lsou fd;ktk ldrk gSA

2-- gkfyDl chpe xzqi3- dkEiyku chpe xqzi4- LiV okbUMj5- iksVhusDl Qkbtj6- cksufoVk dSMcjhtfoVkfeu ;q VkWfud7- lsUVhfouh lUMkst ;s VkWfud Hkw[k c


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20- U;wVhfQy ckuZj ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa nzk{kklo]vaxwjklo] voxa/kkfjB]fladkjk] tsjh QksVZ lhji vkfn

vk;qosZfnd VkWfud fy;s tkldrsgSaA bldsvfrfjDr gksE;ksiSfFkd] ;wukuhessa Hkh csgrj fodYi feytk;saxsA

21- ,EcfyDl es,.M csdj22- ekfoVk QkEMZ23- vksjgsIVky edZ24- flDlki Sadksbf.M;u25- chVkgsDLV gsDLV26- chVkIyDlbfyfDlj bZLV bf.M;k27- tsfuV LdsQ28- chdklwy ykSg ;q VkWfud29- ,fuehMkDl edZ ;sVkWfud jkYirk ,uhfe;kesi;q gks rsgA mfpr ek=kesn/k] ls c] gjh lfCt;k] xsdk jl] xqM+] vkoyk rFkkikyd dk lkx lsou dju ls,uhfe;k dh dksb lEHkkoukughajgrh rFkk bu VkWfudks dsgkfudkjd iHkko ls cpktk ldrk gA fokskifjfLFkfr;kses ykgklo dklsoufd;k tk ldrk gA

30- MselksjsUt Sdksbf.M;u31- vkVhu lk;ukfeM32- ohukstsu jSyhl33- dsIlksfoVQksV QkEMZ34- M~;wekL;wYl Qkbtj35- Qlh ,Ydse36- QsjksfpysV vYoV MsfoM37- QfoV okYVj cqkuy38- QhtksQksjstM bLdsQkekZ39- QhtksfoVLiUL;wy bLdsQkekZ40- QhyksusV ch ,ysfEcd41- ghesfVu lUMkst42- gEQj ,Ydse43- ghikL;wYl ck;ykftdy ^b^44- vkboky ,ckV45- beQjky jSyhl46- tSDVksQj lh- ,Q- ,y- QkekZ47- fyokstsu ,ysu cjhl48- VksuksQksjku bLV bf.M;k49- gi Y;qfiu


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vkfFkZd nksguvktknh dsckn [kkldj nokvksads{ks= esacgqjkVh; dEifu;ksadks U;ksrusds

ihNstksmn~ns; Fkk og ,d lky dsvUnj pdukpwj gks x;kA nsk ds djksM+ksaejhtksadsfy;si;kZIr nokvksadh iwfrZ rksgks gh ughaldh] myVs,d okZ dh vof/k 1951&52 dsnkSjku Hkkjr dks 15-6 djksM+:i;sdsewY; dscjkcj nok;savk;kr djuh iM+haA bl xjhcnsk dh turk dh tsc lsdjksM+ksa&vjcksa :i;k jkW;YVh dsuke ij bu cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksads tfj;sfonsk pyk tkrk gSA lkFk gh lkFk bu cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksadh equkQsdh jkfk

lky&nj&lky c


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esa585 yk[k :i;sdk kq) equkQk dek;kA 23 okksZaesaewy/ku dh rqyuk esa293 xquk dkequkQk ;kuh 29 gtkj Qhlnh lsvf/kd dk equkQkA blh rjg lsvU; dEifu;ksadk gSAdqy 9 dEifu;ksa dk izkFkfed ewy/ku 30 yk[k 51 gtkj :i;sjgk vkSj budk equkQk 2]294

yk[k :i;s23 djksM+A ;fn bu dEifu;ksads lkykuk ykxr vkSj equkQsdk vkSlr ns[kktk; rksog Hkh dkQh pkSadkus okyk gSA uhpsdh lkj.kh bl ckr dksiqV djrh gS &fonskh dEifu;ksdk ykxr ewy/ku vkS j eukQk 1971&72dEiuh dkuke ykxr ewy/ku VDl nusds ckn dk kq ) ykHkXYkSDlks 30-00 yk[k :i;s 175-00 yk[k :i;scs;j bf.M;k 6-00 yk[k :i;s 154-64 yk[k :i;slhck xk;xh 70-00 yk[k :i;s 114-46 yk[k :i;slkbukfeM 40-00 yk[k :i;s 115-32 yk[k :i;ses ,.M cdj 180-00 yk[k :i;s 201-77 yk[k :i;s

lzksr% fMDyjsku ,.M MkD;wesaV~l & uskuy dkUosaku vku bdkukfed bafMisaMsaV~l ,.MilZisfDVo vkWQ Mx baMLVh] visZfMdl & XXII

XySDlksdEiuh 36 yk[k :i;sdh iwth yxkrh gSvkSj ikSus 2 djksM+ :i;sdkequkQk dekrh gS ;kuh 5 xquk vksj izfrkr dh Hkkkk esa500 izfrkrA cs;j bf.M;k dkQk;nk blds ykxr ewY; lsyxHkx 26 xquk vf/kd ;kuh 2]600 izfrkrA

cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksa ds equkQs nok m|ksx esa yxkrkj c


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nokvksa ij gksusokys vjcksa&[kjcksa:i;sds equkQs lstc ;snok dEifu;klarqV ughagqbZ rks[ksrh&ckM+h esabLrseky gksusokyh dhVekjd nokvksa,oavU; jlk;uksads

mRiknu {ks= esaiko ilkjuk kq: dj fn;kA vkt fLFkfr ;g gS fd vf/kdkak nok dEifu;kdhVekjd nok, ,oavU; d`fk jlk;u Hkh cuk jgh gSaA budsykHk ds izfrkr esao`f) dhdkQh xqatkbk jgrh gSA felky dsrkSj ij lhck xk;xh dEiuhA bl dEiuh usokZ 1988&89esa255-49 djksM+:i;s dscjkcj dhVukkh nokvksadk dkjksckj fd;k] ftlesabls14-91djksM+:i;sdk kq) equkQk gqvkA gekjsnsk esayxHkx 60 gtkj nok, rS;kj dh tkrh gSaftlesa90 Qhlnh ls vf/kd xSj&t:jh gSabu xSj&t:jh nokvksaij cgqjkVh; dEifu;knsk dk 2]500 djksM+:i;k izfrokZ ckgj ystkrh gSaA 500 djksM+:i;s dh uqdlkunsgnok, Hkkjrh; cktkjksa esafcd jghagS tcfd 1985&86 esaHkkjr esadqy nokvksadh [kir ek=

2]000 djksM+dh jghAcgqjkVh; dEifu;ksausvkfFkZd :i lsrhljh nqfu;k ds nskksadks fdl rjg lsywVk gSbldh dbZtxg felky gSA vUrjkZVh; cktkj esafV;ksVDlhu dh izfr fdyksdhertc 500 MkYkj Fkh rksvesfjdk dh Qkbtj dEiuh usbls fpyh esa3]026 Mkyj ds fglkc

lscspk FkkA ySfVu vesfjdk esa vkSk/k fuekZ.k ds{ks= esa15 ikjjkVh; fuxesadk;Zjr gSaAmuds equkQsdh nj 972-1 izfrkr igqp x;h gSA ,d :lh ys[kd dsvuqlkj Hkkjr tSlsdqN nskksaesa;s dEifu;k nokvksaij 8-000 izfrkr dk equkQk ysrh gSaA vtsZUVhuk esavk;kfrrnokvksadsewY;ksaesaU;wure 3]700 izfrkr vf/kd o`f) gqbZA ,aVhck;fVDl ij 650 izfrkr]

foVkfeu VSCysVksaij 730 izfrkr dk Qk;nk cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksausolwykAHkkjr esafLoV~tjyS.M dh nok dEiuh jksk] fyfcz;e vkSj csfy;e dh vk;kfrr

lkexzh ij ek% 13]246 :i;srFkk 27]860 :i;s izfr fdyksolwy dj jghaFkhA tc Hkkjrljdkj usbldk [kqn vk;kr djuk kq: fd;k rksbl dEiuh us bu nksphtksadh dherek% 380 :i;svkSj 462 :i;sizfr fdyks dj fn;kA bl izdkj lsdEiuh us Hkkjr dksnksizdkj lsywVk & igyk miHkkskvksa dks T;knk nke nsusij etcwj fd;k rFkk nwljk Hkkjr

lsdj pksjh dhA ,d :lh ys[kd dk dguk gS fd cgqjkVh; fuxeksausekuo tkfr dktcjnLr uqdlku fd;k gSrFkk lekt ls gtkjksa&djksM+ksa:i;s olwyrs jgsgSaA

vesfjdk dh dsQ,ckj lfefr us viuh fjiksVZ esadgk Fkk lEiw.kZ foo esa,dek= Hkkjr gh ,slk nsk gS tgk turk dh vkSlr vk;q dh rqyuk esanokvksadk ewY; lclsvf/kd gS lfefr us bl ckr dksHkh ns[kk fd 50 dsnkd esaHkkjr esadke dj jgh vesfjdhcgqjkVh; dEifu;ksaus;gk fcdusokyh ,aVhck;fVDl nokvksadsnkeksaesaHkkjh o`f) dj nhA

ljdkj us tc Hkh nok ds eqY; dks fLFkj djusdk iz;kl fd;k bu dEifu;ksaus bldsf[kykQ gYyk epkuk kq: dj fn;kA 9 vizSy 1963 dksHkkjr&phu la?kkZ dsle; ljdkjus Hkkjr j{kk dkuwu dk iz;ksx djdsnokvksadk ewY; fLFkj dj fn;k FkkA ikjjkVh; fuxeksaus bldk cgqr fojks/k fd;kA ljdku us1966 esadqN foksk nokvksadsewY; c


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cgjkVh; dEifu;ks dks ub nokvksdh fch ij ,dkf/kdkj dh Nw V &1 tuojh 95 dksljdkj uscgqjkVh; fuxeksadks nsk esaubZ nokvksavkSj d`fk

jlk;uksadh fch ij ,dkf/kdkj dh NwV ns nhA 1970 ds isVsUV dkuwu dks cnyrsgq, u;s

isVsUV dkuwu dk v/;knsk ikfjr djrs le; ljdkj us ckdk;nk mRikn isVsUV dh ckrsaLohdkj dhA gkykafd bl dkuwu dks ckn esalaln usvLohdkj dj fn;k vkSj vc ;gv/;knsk fujLr gks x;k gS] ijUrq v/;knsk ykus lsigys xSV dh le>kSrk okrkZvksaesagh

ljdkj uscgqjkVh; dEifu;ksadsfch ,dkf/kdkj dh ckr Lohdkj dj yh FkhA xSV le>kSrkij gLrk{kj gksus 14 viSzy] 1994 ds ,d okZ ckn dksbZ Hkh nok dEiuh viuh nok dsisVsUVhdj.k dsfy;sHkkjrh; isVsUV dk;kZy; esavthZ ns ldrh gSA gkykafd isVsUV vf/kdkj]Hkkjrh; isVsUV dkuwu & 1970 cnyus dsckn gh feysxkA ijUrq ;g vf/kdkj vthZ nsusdhfrfFk lsgh ykxw ekuk tk;xkA blh le>kSrsdsrgr cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksadks ml mRikn

dh fch dk ,deso vf/kdkj izkIr gkstk;xk] tks bl izdkj dh 5 okhZ; isVsUV lqj{kk dsnk;jsesavk tk;xkA ;g vf/kdkj nok fu;a=.k izkf/kdj.k }kjk iznku fd;k tk;sxkA ,slhfLFkfr;ksaesatcfd mRikn isVsUV dsfy;s vthZ nkf[ky dh tk pqdh gksvkSj ,deso foi.kuvf/kdkj 5 okZds fy;s miyC/k djk fn;s x;sgksa] 1970 ds isVsUV dkuwu ds rgr fn;kx;k izf;k isVsUV vFkZghu gks tk;xkA

bldk ,d Hk;adj ifj.kke rks;gh gksxk fd nskh nok mRiknd 10 okZdslae.k dky xSV le>kSrsesafodklkhy nskksadks viusisVsUV dkuwu cnyusds fy;sfn;kx;k le; esadksbZ Hkh ubZ nok cktkj essa ughayk ik;saxsvkSj nsk Hkkjh iSekusij nok vk;kr

ij fuHkZj gks tk;xkA vfuok;Z ykblsal i)fr] tksnokvksadh miyC/krk lqfufpr djkrhgS] Hkh detksj gkstk;sxhA D;kssafd fVIl le>kSrs esanok dh vuqiyC/krk dh fLFkfr esafdlh

rhljh ikVhZdks ykblsal tkjh djusdk vf/kdkj Hkh Nhu fy;k x;k gSA nokvksa dsu;sQkewZysku cukus vkSj mudk isVsUV djkusdsfy;s j[h x;h dM+h krZ ;g [kkst vkfFkZdegRo dk rduhdh ,MokalesaV j[krh gks dk cgqjkVh; dEifu;k Hkkjhjk;YVh dekusesabLrseky djsaxh vkSj ubZ rduhdksanwljh ihkSRksdsrgr vc fdlh mRikn dk vk;kr gh ml ij izkIr isVsUV fdlh Hkh nsk esaa dkf;kUo;u ekuk tk;xk] vr% flQZ vk;kr mkjnkf;Roksa dksiwjk u djus dh fLFkfr esagh

vfuok;Zykblsaflax fdlh rhljh ikVhZdks nh tk ldsxhA bldk lh/kk vFkZ;g gS fd vccgqjkVh; dEifu;k nokvksadk vk;kr gh djsaxhA ubZ rduhdksadk gLrkarj.k vk;krd nskksaesaa ughagksik;sxkAub iVsUV O;oLFkk e nokvks dh ?kjsywdherks ij vlj

ubZ isVsUV O;oLFkk esanokvksads?kjsywnke 5 ls20 xqusc


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pg. 32


u;s isVsUV dkuwuksads ckn cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksadsequkQsgtkjksaizfrkr esagksaxsA izf;kisVsUV ds LFkku ij mRikn isVsUV O;oLFkk ykxwgkstkusij nokvksadh dherksaesa fdrukvUrj vk tk;sxk] ;g uhpsnh x;h rkfydk lsLiV gkstk;sxkA Hkkjr] ikfdLrku] vesfjdk

vkSj fczVsu esanokvksa dh dherksads vUrj dsckjs esauskuy ofdZax xqzi vku isVsUV ykt}kjk fd;sx;s ,d v/;;u dsvk/kkj ij uhpsrkfydk nh x;h gSA

nok dk uke Hkkjr ikfdLrku vefjdk fcVsuvkykDlsflu 66-00 117-23 196-27 155-33lsQsMkfDly 30-00 82-68 325-88 104-79fliksykWDlsflu 51-00 234-63 305-21 315-96ukjykDlsflu 39-36 125-50 616-15 252-77Vkscjkekblhu 22-17 116-31 395-32 75-30MkbDyksQsukd 5-67 55-80 239-47 95-84ikbjkDlhu 13-87 78-12 603-93 166-93jSuhVkbMhu 29-03 260-40 744-65 481-31QSeksVkbMhu 26-24 260-40 726-14 500-27vkWuijktsy 71-25 vuqiyC/k 992-46 684-05,VuksykWy 7-50 86-63 228-36 103-21fMyfV;ktksu 20-24 74-40 165-10 78-99cukykfiu 9-00 37-20 230-83 147-97iktksflu 16-50 13-64 159-24 39-50,fu;ksMkjksu 45-00 vuqiyC/k 673-67 157-98,lkbDyksohj 33-75 363-32 356-74 577-68dsVkdksuktksy 43-00 221-96 673-67 250-14ekbukDlhfMy 31-25 vuqiyC/k 1311-55 1053-20,tVuhtksy 6-00 120-90 436-36 100-05VjQSukMhu 13-50 60-93 293-17 78-99vikstksyku 5-40 vuqiyC/k 171-21 22-64VkstksMksu 15-25 17-77 291-01 108-48C;wlihjksu 4-05 89-69 150-60 168-51feVkstu Vksu 446-25 vuqiyC/k 5176-64 7921-64dkjcksIykVhu 746-25 vuqiyC/k vuqiyC/k 3608-26fcufdLVhu 28-80 323-16 1068-37 542-92fcu CykLVhu 108-00 333-85 1102-01 541-87cLVksLVhu 16-95 vuqiyC/k vuqiyC/k 550-30VksikslkbM 158-60 vuqiyC/k 3612-47 750-93ylSfVu 29-00 618-76 517-83 562-41


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tSuQhcksthy 341-00 178-56 1294-89 1263-84

ij nh x;h rkfydk esa1 Mkyj = 30-86 :i;k 1 ikmaM = 52-66 rFkk 1 ikfdLrkuh:i;k = 1-24 :i;sfy;k x;k gSA

vesfjdk esamRikn isVsUV dstksdkuwu bl le; py jgsgSayxHkx oSlsghdkuwu fczVsu vkSj ikfdLRkku esa gSaA blhfy;sikfdLrku vkSj fczVsu esanokvksadh dhersavesfjdk esanokvksadh dherksadsyxHkx cjkcj gSA Hkkjr esaizf;k isVsUV ds dkuwu gksusdsdkj.k nokvksadh dhersadkQh de gSaA mijks rkfydk lsLiV gS fd Hkkjr esanokvksadh

dhersavesfjdk esanokvksadh dherksals3 xqus lsysdj 35 xqusrd de gSaA ikfdLrku esanokvksadh dherksadh rqyuk esaHkkjr esadhersa2 xqus ls ysdj 22 xqusrd de gSaA bl

le; Hkkjr vkSj ckaXyknsk esanokvksadh dhersayxHkx cjkcj gSaA bldk dkj.k gS fdckaXyknsk esaisVsUV dkuwu Hkkjrh; isVsUV dkuwuksadh rjg gSA vr% ;g ,dne lsLiV gSfd xSV djkj dh ubZ isVsUV O;oLFkk ykxwgksuslsnokvksadh dhersaHk;kud :i lsc


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ftu ubZnokb;ksadksbtkn djsaxh mu ij Hkh jk;YVh mUgsamu QkeZwyksa dk bLrseky djusokysnskksa lsfeyrh jgsxhA xSV le>kSrk gkstkus lsmudh lclscM+h fpUrk isVsUV pksjhdh nwj gks x;h gSA fLoV~tjyS.M ;k fdlh Hkh vU; fodflr nsk esacSBs&cSBsgh mUgsajk;YVh

lsbruk /ku izkIr gkstk;sxk ftruk mUgsa Hkkjr esabdkbZ yxk dj Hkh ughagksrkAlUnHkZ1- gkFkh dfeVh Vw 1978 Mx ikWfylh Vw U;wMx ikWfylh , tuhZbu fjolZMkbjsDku]ys[kd ts- ,l- etwenkj] uskuy dSEisu dfeVh QkWj Mx ikWfylh }kjk izdkfkrA i`B&1A2- Mx baMLVh ,.M n bafM;u ihiqy iqLrd dsMkWDVj /koysds ys[k ls mn~/k`r] i`B&57A3- mijks iqLrd ds MkW- kaHkw eS= ds ys[k lsmn~/k`r] iB&59A4- ^uskuy ofdZax xqzi vku isVsUV ykt^ dk lkfgR;A


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>wB ij fVdk vFkZkkbl ckr dks dgusvkSj Lohdkj djus esarfud Hkh fgpfdpkgV ughagksuh pkfg,

fd cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksa usrhljh nqfu;k esaviusO;kikfjd YkkHk dsfy, >wB dk lgkjkfy;k gSA ykHk ds>wBs vkdM+sisk djds mlsde crkrh gSa] dj pksjh djrh gSaA dksyafc;kesanok cukusdsdbZfuxeksa usfokh; fuxeksa dkscrk;k fd mudsvkSlr equkQs6-7 izfrkrgSaA tkp djus ij irk pyk fd osequkQs 136 izfrkr FksA ekykxklh x.kjkT; esablh izdkjds dkys dkjukeksads dkj.k vesfjdh] ;wukuh vkSj csfYt;e dh iwth ls pyusokyslkslkbVsvesfjdkuksxzslh eYxkpsdsizca/kdksdkstsy dh gok [kkuh iM+hA ,slh fLFkfr esacgqjkVh;dEifu;k fdruk T;knk Qk;nk dekrh gSabldk vanktk yxk ikuk dfBu gSA D;ksafd budsykHk dstks vkdM+sgesa miyC/k gksrsgSaos egt lkoZtfud :i ls?kksfkr gSarFkk bl ijdj vnk djuk iM+rk gSA dj pksjh ds fy, ;sdEifu;k viusQk;ns vlfy;r lscgqrde crkrh gSaA

;sfuxesadsoy viusykHk dh jkfk dksgh de djdsughacrkrh gSacfYd viuslkykuk dkjksckj dksHkh de djdscrkrh gSa] rkfd vlyh jkfk lsdkQh de djds crk;sx;sykHkkak dks U;k;ksfpr vkSj lgh Bgjk;k tk ldsA 1988&89 esa bykgkckn ftys esacgqjkVh; dEifu;ksadk nok ds{ks= esadSlk dkjksckj jgk] bl ij bu iaf;ksa dsys[kd us,d losZ{k.k fd;kA losZ{k.k v/;;u ds ifj.kkeksadks tc bu dEifu;ksa dsjkVh; Lrj ds

dkjksckj ds vkdM+ksadslUnHkZesans[kk x;k rks dkQh folaxfr utj vk;hA uhpsdh lkj.kh lsLiVgS

dEiuh dkuke

bykgkckn esaokZ 1988&89 dkdkjksckj

Hkkjr esadqy dkjksckj okZ1988&89

XySDlks 1-10 djksM+:i;s 194-99 djksM+ :i;sckjkst csYde 1-10 djksM+:i;s 103-42 djksM+ :i;sgsDLV 1-00 djksM+:i;s 239-37 djksM+ :i;s

Qkbtj 0-90 djksM+:i;s 82-37 djksM+:i;sikdZ Msfol 0-80 djksM+:i;s 100-80 djksM+ :i;s

;fn ij fn;s x;s fdlh Hkh dEiuh ds ,d ftysbykgkckn ds dkjksckj dsvkdM+ksadksHkkjr esamlh okZ dsmudsdqy dkjksckj lsvkSlru rqyuk dh tk; rksdkQhfolaxfr utj vkrh gSA iwjs Hkkjr esayxHkx 400 ftysgSaA bykgkckn ch Js.kh dk kgj gS;kuh , Js.kh vkSj lh Js.kh ds chp dk kgjA FkksM+h nsj ds fy, ;fn mijks ikp cM+hcgqjkVh; dEifu;ksadsdkjksckj dksn`fV esaj[k dj bykgkckn dks400 ftyksaesalsvkSlr

ftyk eku fy;k tk; rksbykgkckn esabu dEifu;ksads1988&89 dsdkjksckj dksvk/kkjekudj ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd okZ1988&89 esa&


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pg. 36


XySDlksdk Hkkjr esalkykuk dkjksckj 1-10 x400

= 440 djksM+ :i;s

okjkst osYde dk Hkkjr esalkykuk

dkjksckj

1-10 x

400

= 440 djksM+ :i;s

gsDLV dk Hkkjr esalkykuk dkjksckj 1-0 x 400 = 400 djksM+ :i;sQkbtj dk Hkkjr esalkykuk dkjksckj 0-90 x

400= 360 djksM+ :i;s

ikdZ Msfol dk Hkkjr esaesalkykukdkjksckj

0-80 x400

= 320 djksM+ :i;s

ysfdu XySDlks okZ 1988&89 dk jkVh; dkjksckj ek= 194-99 djksM+ :i;s

crkrh gS vkSj okjkst osYde rksdsoy 103-42 djksM+:i;ssgh nkkZrh gSA dgk 440 djksM+vkSj dgk 194-99 ;k 103-42 djksM+:i;sA ;g lk/kkj.k lh xf.kr bu dEifu;ksadscgqrcM+s>wB dh rjQ bkkjk djrh gSA

ikjjkVh; fuxeksausviusO;kikj dsizpkj&izlkj dh iwjh bekjr gh >wB ij[kM+h dh gSA izlkj ek/;eksa&jsfM;ks] Vsyhfotu] i=&if=dkvksa] ,tsUVksa dsek/;e lsMkWDVjksadks nh tkusokyh tkudkfj;ksaesa;sdEifu;k >wB dk lgkjk ysrh gSaA nqfu;k dsreke lkjsgYdksaesa;g ckr dkQh xEHkhjrk lsLohdkj dh x;h gS fd cM+h dEifu;k [kkldj rhljhnqfu;k ds xjhc eqYdksa esa>wBs foKkiuksa dstfj;s ,slh tkuysok nokvksa] xSj&t:jh ,oa

uqdlkunsg VkWfudksadk O;kikj dj jgh gSatksnqfu;k dsreke nskksa esaizfrcaf/kr gSaA foMEcuk;g gS fd ;sdEifu;k vius foKkiuksaesamu nokvksadks cgqr dkjxj fl) djrh gSarFkkbl ckr dks turk lsysdj lewpsfpfdRlk txr esalgh izekf.kr dj fn;k tkrk gSA gkFkhdesVh dh jiV esaHkh bl ckr dkscM+stksjnkj k tk ldrkgS fd fdl izdkj ;s dEifu;k[krjukd nokvksadk xksj[k/kU/kk djrh gSavkSj ekuo thoudks /kjrh ij jsaxus okysdhM+s&edksM+sle>rh gSaA vesfjdh dEiuh lhck&xk;xh dk ekeykdkQh fnypLi gSA 1934 esabl dEiuh usfDyvksfOduky uke lsnLrjks/kh nok cukuk kq:

fd;kA 1935 lsgh vtsZUVkbuk ds MkWDVjksaus fjiksVZ Hkstuh kq: dj nh fd bl nok dsdqizHkko gSaysfdu dEiuh us bu fjikssVkZsadksnck;sj[kkA

1962 esadEiuh us;g izpkj fd;k fd turk bu nokvksadk iz;ksx ikqvksaijer djsyssfdu mlh le; mlus;g dgk fd ;g nok euq;ksadsfy;s lqjf{kr gSA MkWDVjvksyh gSULku tksfd LohfMk cky jksx fokskK Fks] us;g rF; ik;k fd nok dEiuh dk ;gnkok fd gkfudkjd rRo vkgkj uky esavokksfkr ughagksrs] xyr gSA bldk [kaMu djrsgq, mUgksausviuh fjiksVZfyulsV 1966 esasizdkfkr fd;kA

mlh chp tkiku esadbZ gtkj yksx yxkrkj nnZ] ydok rFkk va/kkiu lsxzflrgks x,A ;gh ughabl nok ds tgjhysvlj lsreke yksx ej x;sA MkWDVjksadsvuqlkj blnok dks [kkus ds ckn Leku ;k lwckD;wV ekbyks vkfIVd U;wjiSFkh jksx gks tkrk gSA


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pg. 37


lhck&xk;xh dksU;k;ky; dsdV?kjsesa[kM+k fd;k x;kA MkW- gSUlu usviuh ethZls,dfoksk xokg dh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA

bl nok fuekZrk dEiuh dh rjQ ls;g nyhy nh x;h fd bu lkjh chekfj;ksa

ds fy, [kkl fdLe dk thok.kqftEesnkj gS] fDyvksfODuky dk dksbZ dqizHkko ughagSA ysfduVksD;ksftyk U;k;ky; us ;g ughaekukA lhck&xk;xh ds f[kykQ QSlyk nsrsgq, U;k;ky;us ;g ik;k fd dEiuh dsvkUrfjd nLrkostksals;g ckr lkQ gS fd dEiuh ;g ckrvPNh rjg tkurh Fkh fd fDyvksfODuky dsdkj.k Leku gksrk gSA ;g eqdnek vkB lkyckn fuf.kZr fd;k x;k vkSj dEiuh dks 20-30 djksM+ikmaM tqekZuk ihfM+rksa dksnsuk iM+kAblds vfrfj blslkoZtfud :i lsturk ls{kek ekxuh iM+hA

bl lcdsckotwn dEiuh us fDyvksfODuky ij vk/kkfjr nok, foo ds vU;fgLlksaesacspuk tkjh j[kkA iqu% ckn esaLohMu esadbZekSrksadsckn LohMu] MsuekdZrFkk

ukosZus bu nokb;ksadk cfgdkj djuk kq: dj fn;kA blds ifj.kkeLo:i viSzy 1985 esa?kkVs dh fLFkfr mRi gksusij dEiuh usbu mRiknksa dksfoo lsmBk fy;kA ysfdu cknesabl dEiuh us /khjs lsHkkjr esabl nok dk O;kikj djuk kq: dj fn;k vkSj vkt ;gnok dbZ izpfyr ukeksalsHkkjrh; cktkjksa esamiyC/k gSA

lhck&xk;xh dk ,d nwljk dkaM MkW- gSUlu }kjk [kksyk x;k tc dEiuh dsvan:uh nLrkostksa esamUgksausik;k fd cgqr T;knk yksx ml le; izpfyr nksnok, VsfMyvkSj cqVktksykMhu dsiz;ksx lsej x;sA esfMdy tuZy usviuh fjiksVZesa150 ekSrsagksusdh ckr fy[kh Fkh] tcfd lhck&xk;xh dsnLrkostksals ekSrsa,d gtkj ls T;knk FkhaA

vesfjdh nok fokskK feYVu flYoj eSu us viuh 162 ist dh fjiksVZ ftldk khkZdfizfLIku Qkj MsFk esadgk gSfd bu vUrjjkVh; nok m|ksxksaesalkekftd mkjnkf;Roksadk

loZFkk vHkko gSAvkB lky ds v/;;u ds ckn nh x;h fjiksVZls;g lkfcr gksrk gS fd rhljh

nqfu;k dsnskksaesanok m|ksx esayxh cgqjkVh; dEifu;k [kqyk nksgjk ekin.M viuk jghgSavkSj viusmRiknksadks xjhc nskksaesacspdj vkfFkZd kksk.k dslkFk&lkFk nokvksa dkdqizHkko Hkh QSyk jgh gSaA fjiksVZ esadgk x;k gS fd bu vfodflr nskksaesaMkWDVj dsoy osgh vkdM+sizkIr djrsgSatks nok dEifu;ksadsesfMdy fjizstsUVsfVo mUgsamiyC/k djkrsgSa

fdlh fpfdRld ds ikl esfMdy tuZy rFkk kks/k &i=ksa dks iwBs foKkiu izlkfjr dj viuh nok, csp jgh gSa vkSj yksxksadks ew[kZ cukdj va/kk/kqa/k equkQk dek jgh gSaA 1989 esa bu dEifu;ksa ds uke Hksts x;sfkdk;rh i= esadgk x;k Fkk fd vkSk/k ds bfrgkl esabrus O;kid iSekus ij xyr foKkiuksadk izlkj.k igysdHkh ughagqvk FkkA tkiku esaHkh ljdkj us dqN ,slsrjhdsviukuk kq:

fd;k gS rkfd nok fuekZrk fuxesaeupkgh /ka/kk[kksjh u dj ldsaA foo LokLF; laxBu usrkslHkh nskksadh ljdkjksadks;g lykg nh gS fd os kklu dh rjQ lsnokvksadh fch


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pg. 38


dk bUrtke djsarkfd MkWDVjksadks;k ejhtksa dks fufgr LokFkZ okysrRoksacgqjkVh; fuxeksadh rjQ bkkjk ij fuHkZj u jguk iMs+A fczVsu dh ljdkj fiNysdqN lkyksalsvius;gkdh dfri; nok fuekZrk dEifu;ksadh gjdrksa lsijskku jgh gSA bu dEifu;ksaus vius

O;kikj ds izlkj ds fy, ftl rjg dsxyr izpkj ,oaewY; o`f) dk lgkr fy;k gS ogljdkj ds fy, fljnnZ cu x;k gSA XySDlks dEiuh fiNysdqN lkyksa esa^tSUVsd^ ukednok dh cnkSyr nqfu;k dsigysuEcj dh dEiuh cu x;hA vYlj esabLrseky gksusokyhbl lk/kkj.k lh nok ds foKkiu ij fczrkuh cgqjkVh; dEiuh us bruk [kpZ fd;k fd1989&90 esadsoy bl fVfd;k dh fch iwjh nqfu;k esa6000 djksM+:i;sds cjkcj gqbZAtcfd ftl foKkiu ds lgkjs;g dEiuh bl nok dksbruk csap ldh mlesacgqr dqN >wBFkkA

xjhc eqYdksadsLFkkuh; cktkjksaij viuh idM+ etcwr djusds fy;scgqjkVh;

dEifu;k cM+sMkWDVjksa] QkekZflLVksao nok fosrkvksadks lk ek/;e ds :i esabLrsekydjrh gSaA bu dEifu;ksads esfMdy izfrfuf/k vk;sfnu kgjksadsukeh&fxjkeh MkWDVj ds;gk pDdj yxkrs jgrs gSavkSj viuh dEifu;ksadh nokvksa] VkWfudksads lEcU/k esaNis QksYMj]iSEiysV o vU; lkfgR; ckVdj jksfx;ksads ipsZij mu nokvksao VkWfudksadksfy[kus dsfy,

jkth dj ysrsgSaA yxHkx gj eghusdEiuh dh vksj lsHksaV dsrkSj ij dherh lkeku muds?kjksaesaj[k tkrsgSaA mu ^migkjksa^ esa?kfM+;k vkSj FkeZl ykl tSlslLrslkekuksa lsysdjft] jaxhu Vsyhfotu vkSj ek:fr dkjsa rd kkfey gksrh gSaA kgj vkSj MkWDVjksadh izfrBk

rFkk mudsLrj dseqrkfcd ^migkjksa dh dher r; gksrh gSA cM+sMkWDVjksadk rksvkye gh

nwljk gS] bykgkckn tSlsnwljsntsZ ds kgj ds,d MkWDVj dks ,d cgqjkVh; dEiuh usek:fr dkj HksaV esanhA bl MkWDVj usdqN ok;nkf[kykQh dh vkSj dqN gh ekg chrsFksfd

mlusbl dEiuh dh ml foksk nok dksjksfx;ksads ijpsij fy[kuk gh cUn dj fn;kftldsfy, mlsek:fr dkj HksaV dh x;h FkhA dEiuh bl ckr dks ysdj dkQh ukjkt

jghA bykgkckn ds,d tkus&ekusvfLFk jksx fokskK us crk;k fd ,d cgqjkVh; dEiuhus viuh ,d ubZ nok dksjksfx;ksads ipsZij fy[kusdsfy, mUgsaizfrekg 20]000 :i;s

lqfo/kk kqYd nsusdkizLrko j[kk FkkAcM+skgjksads cM+sMkWDVjksadksfookl esa ysusds ihNs bu dEifu;ksadk flQZ

,d mn~ns; gksrk gS & viuh nokvksadk vf/kdre izpkj djukA bu kgjksa ds cM+sMkWDVjksadh udy djrs gq, NqVHkS;s MkWDVj Hkh mlh nok ;k VkWfud dkslEcfU/kr jksx dsfy, vius

jksfx;ksadksfy[kusyxrsgSavkSj vuqdj.k dk ;g flyflyk NksVsftyksalsgksrk gqvk lqnwjxkoksa rd tkjh jgrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd cgqjkVh; fuxesavius dqy ykxr dk cM+kfgLlk ^migkjksa vkSj izpkj lkfgR; dsforj.k ij [kpZ djrh gSaA


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pg. 39


ljdkj vkSj U;k;ikfydk Hkh lokyksds ?ksjs e,d cgqr LokHkkfod lk izu ckj&ckj dkSa/krk gS fd vkf[kj tc reke lkjs

vk;ksxksadh jiVksa] MkWDVjksa] esfMdy izfrfuf/k la?kksa] miHkksk la?kksa] i=&if=dkvksa esacgqjkVh;dEifu;ksadh dkyh djrwrksa] nokvksa ds uke ij mudstgjhys O;kikj ds fok; esa [kwcfy[kk&dgk tkrk jgk gS vkSj ljdkj lsekx dh tkrh jgh gS fd cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksadk;k rksjkVh;dj.k fd;k tk;s;k mUgsa nsk fudkyk fn;k tk;] ysfdu ljdkj us bu lc

lokyksadh vulquh djrs gq, mYVs bu dEifu;ksa dks c


41/61

pg. 40


dsydj lfefr rd dh flQkfjkksa dkstehu dh lkr irksZa ds uhpsxkM+fn;k rFkk cnysesa,slsdkuwu cuk;s tksbUghadsO;kikfjd fgrksadksiwjk djrs gSaA ;g bl ckr lsgh LiV gkstkrk gS fd gkFkh desVh uslHkh cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksadksjkVh;d`r fd;s tkus ,oamuds

ks;j dks ek % 40 izfrkr rFkk 26 izfrkr rd fd+;s tkusdh flQkfjk dh FkhA ljdkjus rksigysbudk ks;j ?kVkdj 40 izfrkr dj fn;k Fkk ysfdu vHkh gky esaljdkj usmlsiqu% c


42/61

pg. 41


dEifu;k djrh jgh gSaA mudh ,slh djrwrksadsmnkgj.k dsoy rhljh nqfu;k dsxjhc eqYdksaesagh ugha/kuh nskksaesaHkh miyC/k gSaA tkWu czSFkOgkbV us viuh fdrkc ^dkiksZjsV kbe buQkekZL;qfVdy baMLVh^ esacgqjkVh; dEifu;ksa}kjk fofHk nskksa dh fofHk ljdkjksadksnh

x;h fjor dh dbZ fekkysanh gSA cSzFkOgkbV usfy[kk gS fd bVyh esa,d ntZu nok fuekZrkdEifu;ksaus ,dtqV gksdj ogk dh vkS|ksfxd uhfr dks okil djkusesalQyrk IkzkIr djyhA bl dke dsfy, izfr dEiuh 80]000 Mkyj 20 yk[k :i;k dh nj lsbVyh dhffLp;u MsekssfVd ikVhZdksdqy 10 yk[k Mkyj 250 yk[k :i;k fjor nh x;h FkhedZ ,s.M dEiuh us,d fonskh ljdkj dsfLoV~tjyS.M dh viuh lgk;d dEiuh edZ kkiZ,s.M nksgesdsek/;e ls73 yk[k Mkyj 575 yk[k :i;s fjor nhA

1971 ls75 ds chp vesfjdh gkse izkWMDV us41 nskksadh ljdkjkssadksO;kikjds fy, ljdkjh vuqefr izkIr djusgsrq34 yk[k Mkyj lk


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pg. 42


nokvks dsuke fuekZrkcgjkVh;dEifu;k?kkrd iHkko

1-fluYtsfld T;kSQhZ eSulZ vR;Ur ?kkrd] ilhuk }kjk kjhj dsrkieku dksfu;fU=r djusokyh fof/kdksuqdlku igqpkrh gSaA2-,ksekbflu lk;ukfeM vuqi;ksxh] ftudk dksbZizHkko ughaiM+rkA3-VsVkekbflu Qkbtj vR;Ur ?kkrd] ;fn ejht dks;snok;sansrsjgusdsckn vpkud cUn dj nhtk;sarks

xqnsZ[kjkc gksrsgSarFkk CyM izskj fxjtkrk gSA

4- Msdkcksfyu bUQkj5- fgLVkiM osFk6- ijksdksV Fksfel

dsfedYl7- ijksMku esjfeM1988 esifrca f/kr nok;s

Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk 15 twu 1988 dks foksk xtV uksVhfQdsku ,Dl11018@1@88 Mh- ,e- ,l- ih- ,Q- ,- tkjh fd;k x;k ftlds rgr bZLVkstu&izkstsLVksu]

DyksjEQsfudksy&LVsIVksekblhu] LVhjkW;M~l ewy nokvksa dk O;kikj izfrcaf/kr fd;k x;kAysfdu fofHk czkaM ukeksa lscgqjkVh; dEifu;k vkt Hkh bu nokvksadk O;kikj dj jgh gSaA1- bZ- ih-QksV ;wuhdse vR;Ur ?kkrd2- eLVkstuQksV bUQkj xHkZorh efgykvksa}kjkiz;ksx djusij viax

cPpsiSnk gksusdk [krjkAlkekU; fLFkfr esaysus ijefgykvksa ds ekfld /keZesaxM+cM+h iSnk dj nsrhgSA

3- vksjlsksuQksV fudksyl4- vksxY;wfVu bUQkj

1990&91 esifrcfU/kr nok,aljdkj us 26 fnlEcj 1990 rFkk 11 Qjojh 1991 dkstkjh vknskksa}kjk ek%

ikp vkSj nl izdkj dh tsufjd nokb;k izfrcfU/kr dh Fkh ysfdu bu tsufjd nokvksadsizpfyr czkaM ukeksadksizfrcfU/kr lwph esau Mkyusdh otg lsvkt Hkh ;s nokb;k cktkj


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pg. 43


esa[kqys:i ls fcd jgh gSaA bu nokb;ksaesaizeq[k :i lsnnZukkd] dQ lhji vkSj VkWfudvkfn gSa] budh lwph uhpsnh tk jgh gSA

1- C;wVk ikDthoku cksdkMZ fyfeVM ;s nokb;k igys 1983 esLikTeksizkDthoku cksdkMZfyfeVsM izfrcfU/kr dh tk pqdhgSaA

izkDthoku cksdkMZ fyfeVsM budk vf/kd bLrsekynnZ

dkC;wZVkby jlYl bafM;k fy- fuokjd ds:i esagksrkgSA

okyktsfld dkVZj okysl ysfdu ;svarfM+;ksaesa

?kko Hkhosxkfuu bZLV bafM;k fy- djrh gSavkSj izfrjks/kd

{kerkQksVZtsfld fouFkzksi bafM;k fy- uV djrh gSaA2- ekUVksfji IysFkdks QkekZ- izfrjks/kd {kerk uV

djrh gSA3- fMdsfjl ,Fkukj bafM;k fy- ,d izdkj dk tgj tksisV ds

tsVfelksy&ih ,Fkukj bafM;k fy- dhM+sekjus esabLrsekygksrk gSA4- tsQkjy es,.M csdj ;s lHkh dQ lhji gSaAMkWDVjksads

Y;wihfgLV Y;wfiu bafM;k fy- eqrkfcd dQ lhjQ xSjt:jh gS

fVDlhfyDl es,.M csdj vkSj fdlh Hkh rjg dsdQ

dksjsDl Qkbtj bafM;k fy- lsyM+us esal{ke ughagSA5- V~;wClkbu xzahQkbu bafM;k fy-[kkalh esa bLrseky dh tkus

MhLVu T;ksQhZ eSulZ okyh xksfy;k tksraf=dkra=dksizHkkfor djrh gSaA

lanHkZ1- tulkk] flrEcj] 1989A


45/61

pg. 44


2- U;w;kdZ VkbEl] 31-3-1976] Mx baMLVh ,.M n bafM;u ihiqy ds i`B la[;k 224 lsmn~/k`rA3- ;w- ,l-lsD;wfjVh ,.M ,Dlpast dehku] mijks iqLrd ds m i`B lsmn~/k`rA

4-mijks iqLrd ds i`B la[;k 225 ls mn~/k`rA

cgqjkVh; dEifu;ks ls enok&m|ksx dh t:jrgekjsnsk esa,d lsvf/kd fpfdRlk i)fr;k izpyu esagSaA loZizFke bl nsk

dh feV~Vh vkSj vkcks&gok lsiSnk vkSj ;gk dh ijEijkxr lksp vkSj lkaLd`frd igpku lstqM+h gqbZ vk;qosZfnd fpfdRlk i)fr gSA blh lsfeyrh tqyrh ;wukuh i)fr gSA vaxzsth]kalhlh ,oaiqrZxkfy;ksads lEidZ dh cnkSyr ,yksiSFkh ,oagksE;ksiSFkh vk;hA nkslkS lkyksads vkSifuosfkd kklu vkSj vktknh ds ckn cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksads fkdats usgekjh vfLerkdks rksM+k vkSj oSKkfud /kjksgj dks jkSankA urhtk ;g fd ,yksiSFkh dseqdkcysHkkjrh; i)fr;k

fiNM+rs&fiNM+rs xqykeh dh gkyr esa jg x;h gSaA ljdkj usvktkn Hkkjr esaloZizFke,yksiSFkh i)fr dh fk{kk ,oafpfdRlky;ksadsfu;eu dsfy;s 1956 esaHkkjrh; vk;qfoZKkuifjkn bf.M;u esfMdy dkmafly dk xBu laln lsikfjr ,d vf/kfu;e ds rgr fd;kA vk/kqfud i)fr esagh vuqla/kku gsrq vk;qfoZKku vuqla/kku ifjkn esfMdy fjlpZ dkmaflyigyslsgh xfBr FkhA dqN vlsZ ckn Hkkjrh; ,oagksE;ksiSFkh vuqla/kku dh dsUnzh; ifjknlh- lh- vkj- vkbZ- ,e- ,p- dk xBu fd;k x;kA yksdrkfU=d nckoksa ds pyrs1970 esadsUnzh; Hkkjrh; fpfdRlk ifjkn lh- lh- vkbZ- ,p- dk xBu fd;k x;kA blds cknHkkjrh; fpfdRlk ,oa gksE;ksiSFkh esavuqla/kku ds fy;s 1977 esa vk;qosZn ,oa fl)] ;wukuh]

gksE;ksiSFkh] ;ksx ,oa izkd`frd fpfdRlk i)fr;ksagsrq vyx&vyx dsUnzh; vuqla/kku ifjknksadk xBu fd;k x;kA bl izdkj orZeku esadsUnzh; Lrj ij fofHk fpfdRlk i)fr;ksa dhfk{kk ,oafpfdRlkH;kl gsrq rhu ifjknsa,oa vuqla/kku gsrq6 ifjknsadk;Zdj jgh gSaA blds

fdlh Hkh nskes nok dh t:jr LFkkuh; tyok;q ] lkekftd O;oLFkk ,oa vkfFkZd {kerk ls fu/kkZfjr gksrhgA fonskh laLFkku cgjkVh; dEifu;k /kuh nkksds lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZ d ifjosk dks esutj j[kdjuhfr;ksdk fu/kkZj.k djrs gA e&cktkj O;oLFkk e O;kikj djuk mudh uhfr g] Hkkjr esmUgks us ;ghi)fr viuk;h gA blhfy, ;g i)fr gekjsjkVh; fgrks dh nfV ls gkfudkjd gA gkFkh deVh dh fjikV] i`B & 95


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vykok lh- ,l- vkbZ- vkj- ds lkFk&lkFk vkbZ- lh- ,y- vkj- Hkh dHkh&dHkh ,slsdk;ZeksadslkFk vkxsvkrh gS tks fpfdRlk ,oa LokLF; lstqM+sgSaA nsk esavk/kqfud] Hkkjrh; ,oagksE;ksiSFkh dsyxHkx 104] 120 vk;qosZfnd&98] ;wukuh&20 ,oafl)&2 ,oa94 dkyst py

jgsgSaA brus cM+srke>ke ds jgrs vkSj fokskdj 1970 ds Hkkjrh; isVsUV dkuwu dscutkusdsckn iwjsLonskh fpfdRlk m|ksx rU= us dkQh izxfr dh vkSj ,d izdkj lsge blekeysesavkRefuHkZj gh gks x;sA gk bl ekeysesa,d xEHkhj [kkeh t:j jgh ,yksiSFkh ijvU; i)fr;ksads eqdkcysT;knk /;ku fn;k x;k vkSj LokLF; ctV dk 90 izfrkr fgLlkblds fodkl] kks/k vkSj mRiknu ij [kpZ fd;k x;kA gkykafd ,yksiSFkh dsoy 20 izfrkrtula[;k dh gh LokLF; t:jrksadks iwjk djrh gSA tcfd nskh fpfdRlk i)fr;k tks yksd

LokLF; ijaijkvksaesaO;kid :i ls QSyh gSa] vLlh Qhlnh lsT;knk vkcknh dh jkstejkZ dh

LokLF; t:jrsaiwjk dj jgh gSaA Hkkjr ds fofHk izkarksesavyx&vyx ukeksalsizpfyrLFkkuh; ;k yksd fpfdRlk dehZ nskh fpfdRlk i)fr;ksadk mi;ksx dj jgsgSaA gtkjksaokksZalstaxyh tM+h&cwfV;ksadksnokbZ ds :i esage iz;ksx djrsvk jgsgSaA

vc isVsUV dk geykvktknh dsckn gekjs Lonskh m|ksxksaus ikpkR; fpfdRlk i)fr ,yksiSFkh esa

Hkh vHkwriwoZ izxfr dh gSA dbZnqyZHk ,yksiSfFkd nokb;kloZlqyHk gSarFkk vU; nskkas dseqdkcyslLrh Hkh gSaA gtkjksakks/kdrkZ vkSj oSKkfud u;h nokb;ksadh [kkst esa iz;kljr gSaA

nsk dscM+skks/k laLFkkuksausviuh t:jrksadseqrkfcd nokb;k fodflr dh gSaA ;gk rdfd vkt ge dqN nokb;k rksnwljsnskksadkslLrh njksa ij fu;kZr Hkh dj jgsgSaA

ijUrq xSV esakkfey gksuslsvc nksuksaizdkj dh fpfdRlk i)fr;ksaij u;k[krjk vk x;k gSA ;w rksigyslsgh cgqjkVh; nok dEifu;kjkVh; tu LokLF; leL;kvksadks vuns[kk dj vdwr equkQk dekrh jgh gSaA nsk esaizfrcfU/kr] izfrcU/k ;ksX;] gkfudkjdvkSj xSj t:jh nokvksadkscspdj cgqjkVh; dEifu;k 3000 djksM+:i;sdk lkykuk lsvf/kd dk equkQk dekrh jgh gSa vkSj lkFk gh nok cktkj ij ,dkf/kdkj izkfIr dk dqfRlrkM;U= jprh tk jgh gSaA

Mady izLrkoksaesatu LokLF; vis{kkvksadh loZFkk mis{kk dh x;h gSA buds }kjkcgqjkVh; dEifu;k foo Hkj dh eafM;ksadksgfFk;kusdk iz;kl dj jgh gSaA ftldk nqfu;kHkj dh xjhc turk ij izHkko iM+usokyk gSA jksfx;ksadksvkSkf/k;k vc vkSj eagxh feysaxhA

miHkksk dksviuh lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd izkFkfedrkvksadkscnyuk iM+sxkA bl Hkwfedk dsifjizs{; esasbykt ij [kpkZ vkSj nokb;ksa dh dherksa esarsth ls o`f) gksxhA

u;sisVsUV dkuwuksads vUrxZRk izR;sd rduhd vkSj mRikn dksisVsUV O;oLFkk dsvUrxZRk ykuk gksxkA vkSkf/k;ksaij oLrq (Product)rFkk cukus dh fof/k (Process)ijisVsUV ykxwdjusdh O;oLFkk dh x;h gSA ;g O;oLFkk 20 okZoLrq ij vkSj 20 okZ oLrqdkscukusdh fof/k ij ykxwgksldsxhA bl izdkj yEcsle; rd vkSkf/k;ksadksisVsUViz.kkyh ds vUrxZr yk;k tk ldsxkA bl izdkj dh O;oLFkk gksusds dkj.k Hkkjr esa70


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izfrkr lsij nokb;ksa ij isVsUV iz.kkyh dh O;oLFkk gksusdh lEHkkouk gSA ubZ rFkk iqjkuhlc nokb;k bllsizHkkfor gksaxhA iqjkuh nokb;ksadscukus dh ubZ fof/k;ksa ds isVsUV fy;stk;saxsA

vc ;fn u;sisVsUV dkuwu cu tkrsgSarkscph [kqph nokb;k Hkh isVsUV iz.kkyhdh gn esavk tk;saxhA cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksa ds uke gh T;knkrj isVsUV gksaxsvkSj ;svf/kdkjvkSkf/k;ksadksnsk esacukus (Domestic Production)rFkk ckgj lsvk;kr (Import)djus ij leku :i lsykxwgksaxs] bl dkj.k lscgqjkVh; dEifu;k viuh isVsUV dh gqbZnokb;ksa dks fonsk lsgh vk;kr djsaxhA bldk lh/kk izHkko vkSkf/k;ksadh miyfC/k rFkk mudhdherksa ij iM+sxkA ^Hkkjrh; nok mRiknd la?k^ dseqrkfcd vkSkf/k;ksadh dhersanl xquk

rd c


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pg. 47


bf.M;u lzd:V jstjikbu ruko jks/khfeMh LohV lsyh lkbDyhd,flM

nnZ ukkd

esDlhdu ;ke Mk;ksltsfuu xHkZfujks/kdfeV esaFkksy :chQsfl;saVukSDloksfedk LVkbduhu ,u- lh- ,l- mRizsjdvksfi;e ekjQhu nnZ fuokjdFkku ,Iiy Ldksiksysehu kkfUr iznku djusjksth isjh fody fou fLVhu Y;wdsfe;k jks/khokyoV chu ,y & Mksik ikfdZlu jksx jks/khOgkbV foyks lSyhlhu nnZ fuokjdFkSyksfludksuk dwuSu eysfj;k jks/kh

Hkkjr TkSlsrhljh nqfu;k ds nskksaesagh budk HkaMkj gSA cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksadhreke kks/k ,tfUl;kigyslsgh bu nskksa esasdk;Z dj jgh gSavkSj pksjh fNisgtkjksa ouLifriztkfr;k viuh iz;ksxkkykvksaesaystk pqdh gSavkSj vc ;fn ubZisVsUV iz.kkyh dsrgr ;scgqjkVh; dEifu;k mu yk[kksanskh uqL[kksavkSj tM+h cwfV;ksa ds vkSk/kh; xq.kksadks vius ukeisVsUV djk ysrh gSarksgekjk D;k gksxk\ ;g izu vfr xEHkhj gSA nsk esagtkjksa lkyksals

lafpr Kku vkSj vuqHko dh iwth dks cgqjkVh; dEifu;k ywV ystk;saxh vkSj fQj gedksgheqagekaxh dher ij miyC/k djk;saxhA

;g gksus Hkh yxk gSA elyu gekjs nsk esa uhe loZlqyHk gS vkSj mlds vkSk/kh;xq.kksadk iz;ksx gtkjksaokksZalsgekjs;gk vk;qosZn lsysdj ?kjsywuqL[kksavkSj dhVukkdksads:i esacM+siSekusij gks jgk gSA ysfdu bl uhe ij isVsUV dh ekj iM+ x;h gS vkSj ,dvesfjdh dEiuh MCY;w- vkj- xzsl ,.M dEiuh usuhe dsfofHk peRdkfjd vkSk/kh; xq.kksadksviusuke isVsUV djk fy;k gSA uhe ckdherh

vktkfMjsDVk bafMdk , tqLl & uhe dk oSKkfud uke ftlds dhVukkhjlk;fud inkFkZ ij vc vesfjdh cgqjkVh; dEiuh MCY;w- vkj- xzsl isVsUV yspqdh gSAfczfVk vkSj vesfjdh oSKkfudksadk /;ku uhe dh vksj 1970 esax;kA rc ls gh vesfjdk dkd`fk foHkkx] futh m|ksxksa dh lgk;rk ls bl ckr dh [kkst dj jgk gS fd uhe dk

okf.kfT;d mi;ksx dSlsfd;k tk;sAHkkjrh; xkoksaesauhe dh ifk;ksadk mi;ksx xje diM+ksavkSj vukt dks dhVksa

lscpkus dsfy;sfd;k tkrk gSA xHkkZ/kku fokskKksadk er gSfd xqIrkaxksaeasuhe dk rsy

bLrseky djuslsxHkkZ/kku jksdk tk ldrk gSA uhe ds ikksadk jl ihuslsh ,d lIrkgrd c/;k gkstkrh gSA peZ jksxksaesarksuhe dk ?kksy vpwd vlj djrk gSA


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fpfdRlk txr esauhe dh vuUr lEHkkouk,a gSaA vHkh gky gh esap.Mhx


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51/61

pg. 50


dhVukkdksdk Hkh fukkuk g gekjk LokLF;dhVukkd nokb;ksadsfNM+dko okysxsgwadsvkVs dh ryh gqbZiwfj;k [kkusokys

mkj iznsk ds cjsyh ftysdsdjhc Ms


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djkj fn;k gS vkSj ftudsbLrseky ij dbZ nskksaessa;k rkslEiw.kZjksd gS ;k l[r fu;a=.kgS] gekjs nsk eas [kqysvke mi;ksx D;ksa gksrk gS\ bldk LifVdj.k laln lnL;ksa rFkktulk/kkj.k dks nsk rFkk jkT;ksads d`fk foHkkx lsekxuk pkfg,A ;|fi lkeus ls LiVhdj.k

feyusdh laHkkouk cgqr gh de gS] D;ksafd cspkjseaf=;ksadksrksviuslfpoksadk ikbZ xbZlg;ek=k lsHkh vf/kd FkhA egkjkV esasMs;jh}kjk cksryksa essafcdus okysnw/k ds 90 izfrkr uewuksaesa4-8 ls6-3 ih- ih- ,e- rd Mh- Mh-Vh-] 1-9 ls6-3 ih- ih- ,e- rd fMYMhu Hkh ik;k x;kA tcfd nksuksadh lg;ek=k flQZ 0-66 ih- ih- ,e- gh gSA Mh- Mh- Vh- vkSj ch- ,p- lh- dk vkSlr ifjek.k ek % 3-6 vkSj 2-6 ih- ih- ,e- eD[ku esaans[kk x;k gS tcfd lek=k dsoy 1-25 ih- ih- ,e gSA

,slstgj ds yxkrkj bLrseky dsdkj.k HkwxHkZ dk ty] unh] ukys] rkykc vkfn

nwfkr gksx;sgSaA dukZVd dsgklu ftysds rkykcksads ihus dsikuh esarks0-02 lsysdj0-2 ih- ih- ,e-rd dhVukkd ik;s x;s] tcfd dkosjh dsikuh esa1000 ih- ih- ch- ikV~Zlij fcfy;u] ch- ,p- lh- vkSj 1300 ih- ih- ch- isjksfFk;ksu ns[kk x;kA

lLrk lkfgR; laLFkk }kjk izdkfkr vk;ZfHkkd~uked 100 okZ iwoZ fy[ks x;souLifr vkSk/k fok; ds ,d xzaFk esa,slk mYys[k gSfd vukt esagjstkslw[k u x;s gksaeha


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dhVUkkkdksa ds mRiknu vkSj muds iz;ksx dks izpkfjr djus esa cgqjkVh;dEifu;ksadksegkjr gkfly gSA vjcksa Mkyj dk lkykuk O;kikj djdsdjksM+ksa yksxksa dsthou esatgj ?kksy jgh gSaA gfjr kfUr vkSj O;kikfjd d`fk dsuke ij fodklkhy nsk

dhVukkdksadsdqtky easQal pqds gSaA uhpsdh rkfydk esa dhVukkd mRiknu djusokyheq[; cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksa ds uke fn;s tk jgsgSa %&dhVukkd cuku okyh e[; cgjkVh; dEifu;kdEiuh e[; xfrfof/k dhVukkd O;kikj kks/k vkj fodkl ij[kpdjksM Mkyj esdjksM+Mkyjeslhck&xk;xh nokb;k 203-7 16-7cs;j jlk;u 172-7 14-0vkb- lh- vkb- jlk;u 147-7 15-0jksu & iksyd jlk;u 146-4 10-0ekulsVks jlk;u 117-8 9-4M~;wik isVksfy;e 110-0 11-0ch- ,- ,l- ,Q- jlk;u 88-9 vuiyC/kgsDlV jlk;u 83-3 8-0Mks jlk;u 82-0 7-0kSy isVksfy;e 75-4 7-5ksfjax nokb;k 66-0 8-0,- lkbukfeM jlk;u 61-5 8-6lsMkst nokb;k 55-0 5-5,Q- ,e- lh- jlk;u@gfFk;kj 47-8 6-7byh fyyh nokb;k 40-8 4-0lzksr & xSV ,.M bf.M;k % ikfyfVDl vkQ ,xzhdYpj & ys- nsosUnz kekZ

D;ksafd dhVukkd fuekZrk cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksa dk dkjksckj vjcksaMkyj lkykukdk gS vr % bl m|ksx ds fufgr LokFkZ cgqr rkdroj gksx;sgSaA T;knkrj dhVukkd

mRiknd dEifu;k lkFk gh lkFk vU; izdkj dsd`fk jlk;uksavkSj ubZ iztkfr;ksadschtksadk Hkh mRiknu djrh gSaA jlk;u cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksauscM+s&cM+sQly vuqla/kku laLFkkuksavkSj cht foi.ku izfrBkuksadks[kjhn fy;k gSA ns[kus lquus esarksvPNk yxrk gS fd vc

cgqjkVh; dEifu;k ubZ&ubZ tSorduhdksa}kjk mPp mRiknu {kerk vkSj dhVjks/kh xq.klEichtksa dk mRiknu vkSj foi.ku djsaxhA ijUrq [krjukd gSdhVukkh mRiknu djusokyhcgqjkVh; dEifu;ksa}kjk cht mRiknu vkSj O;kikj dks vius gkFkksa fu;fU=r djusdsihNs


54/61

pg. 53


dk fufgRk LokFkZ% ,slschtksa dk mRiknu ftuesaT;knk jklk;fud [kknksavkSj T;knk dhVukkdksadk mi;ksx gksldsA ftl jrkj lsd`fk chtksadh tSo fofo/krk O;oLkkf;d [ksrh dspyrsuV gksjgh gS] og fnu nwj ughatc lkjk dk lkjk cht O;kikj dEifu;ksadsgkFk esagksxk

vkSj fdlku iwjh rjg bu u;schtksaij gh fuHkZj gkstk;saxsA lkFk gh lkFk] dhVukkdkssadsHkkjh bLrseky dsfy;s Hkh etcwj gkstk;saxsAlHkh ,xzksdsfedy cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksa us vius kks/k dk vf/kdkak fgLlk

[kjirokj ukkdksads izfr lgukhy cht fodflr djusesayxk j[kk gS] ;kfu ,slschtftudslkFk T;knk lsT;knk [kjirokj ukkd jlk;u bLrseky fd;s tk ldas] ijUrq bu

jlk;uksadk vlj Qlyksaij u gksA pkoy] ek] xsgw] vkyw] lksjxe] lks;kchu] lCth vkSjvU; O;kikfjd Qlysa tSls,YQk&,YQk] dsuksyk] dkVu] ikiyj] xk] lwjteq[kh] rEckdw]VekVj vkSj [kk|rsy vkfn Qlyksadschtksaesa[kjirokj ukkh jlk;uksadsizfr lgukhyrk

fodflr djusdsiz;kl ;s dEifu;k dj jgh gSaA ;g nkok Hkh fd;k tk jgk gS fd bu u;schtksa dsbLrseky djus ls[kjirokj ukkh jlk;uksadh [kir de gksxhA bl izdkj dhQlysa ^i;kZoj.k&nksLr^ jlk;uksa ds bLrseky dks c


55/61

pg. 54


27ls T;knk cgqjkVh; dEifu;k bl izdkj dskks/k esa yxh gqbZ gSaA uhpsdhrkfydk esadqN cht mRiknd cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksadsuke fn;stk jgsgSaAcht mRiknu esyxh cgjkVh; dEifu;k

dEiuh nsk e[; xfrfof/k cht O;kikj djks M+Mkyj esik;ksfu;j ;w- ,l- ,- cht 69-2lsMkst fLoV~tjyS.M jlk;u 38-2yhekxu kal cht 23-4dkjfxy ;w- ,l- ,- [kk| izlaLdj.k 25-0vitksu ;w- ,l- ,- jlk;u 21-7iksoMj fLoV~tjyS.M [kk| izlaLdj.k 21-3lhck&xk;xh fLoV~tjyS.M jlk;u 21-3Qkbtj ;w- ,l- ,- cht 15-4kSy fczVsu@U;wthyS.M isVksfy;e 20-0vksjlu kal tSo jlk;u 13-9ds- MCY;w-,l- teZuh cht 12-7vkb- lh-vkb- fczVsu jlk;u 9-8Y;wchtksy ;w- ,l- ,- jlk;u 8-3

lzksr & fi;js] oSfu;V tksyh] vkbZ- ,u- ,- &lh- ,u- vkj- ,l- &kal

lhck xk;xh dEiuh usu;s fdLe dk lks;kchu dk cht rS;kj fd;k tkslhck

xk;xh }kjk gh mRikfnr [kjirokj ukkh ,Vkthu dsizfr lgukhyrk j[krk gSA bl chtdh otg lslhck xk;xh ds ,Vkthu dh lkykuk fch 12 djksM+ Mkyj c


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cgqr cM+k vak jgrk gS tks budsbLrseky lsikqvksavkSj euq;ksaesaigqaprk gSrFkk mudsthou dks [krjs esaMky nsrk gSA bl izdkj dsd`fk mRikn fodflr nskksa dksfu;kZr u fd;stk ldsablds fy;sxSV le>kSrsesavyx ls,d v/;k; ^lSuhVjh vkSj QkbVkslSuhVjh

estlZ^ dkstksM+k x;k gSA^lSuhVjh vkSj QkbVkslSuhVjh estlZ dk eq[; fukkuk os fodklkhy nsk gh gSa]tgka lsd`fk mRikn fodflr nskksadksfu;kZr fd;stkrs gSaA xSV le>kSrsdsbl izko/kku esa;g r; fd;k x;k gSfd lHkh nskksadks os lqj{kk fu;eu vkSj funsZku ekuusgksaxstks [kk|

jlk;uksa] osVsujh nokvksa] dhVukkdksa] feykoVksa] foysk.k dsrjhdksavkSj gkbthu izsfDVl dsfu;eksads fy;s dksMsDl ,syhesaVsfj;l vk;ksx (Codex Alimentarius Comission) }kjk

r; fd;s x;s gSaA jkse fLFkr ;g vk;ksx la;q jkV la?k ds[kk| ,oad`fk laxBu ,Q- ,-vks- }kjk lapkfyr rFkk foo LokLF; laxBu MCY;w- ,p- vks- }kjk fokh; lgk;rk izkIr

gSA bl vk;ksx dk ms; ikqvksa] lfCt;ksavkSj Qyksadh xq.kokk ds fy;scusfu;e dkuwuksaesa,d:irk LFkkfir djuk gSA blds fy;s vU; vUrjjkVh; laLFkkvksa] b.Vjuskuy vkfQlvkQ bfitwfVDl rFkk b.Vjuskuy IykaV izksVsDku dUosku vkfn dk Hkh lg;ksx feyrk gSAdksMsDl ,yhesaVsfj;l }kjk [kk| Lrj cuk;s j[kusds fy;s dh x;h laLrqfr;k cgqr ghpkykdh lsfodflr nskksa}kjk fodklkhy nskksa lsgksusokys[kk| lkexzh d`fk mRiknksads vk;krksadks ;g dg dj jksdus esa bLrseky dh tkrh gS fd fodklkhy nskksa }kjk

mRikfnr [kk| oLrqvksadsbLrseky lsfodfLkr nskksads yksxksadksLokLF; dk [krjk gSA;slaLrqfr;k gh xSV le>kSrs esalSuhVjh ,oaQkbVks lSuhVjh estlZ dsizko/kkuksa

esakkfey dh x;h gSaA gkykafd bu laLrqfr;ksadkscukrs le; vkSj mu ij ,d vUrjjkVh;le>kSrk djrsle; [kk| fokskKksa] oSKkfudksa,oaMkDVjksa}kjk mudh leh{kk dh tkuhpkfg;sFkh] ijUrq [kk| ,oa jlk;u cukusokyh cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksa ds vf/kdkfj;ksausgh lcdqN vius vki r; dj fn;kA blesamiHkksk lewgksadslq>ko Hkh ughafy;sx;sA ifj.kke

lkeusgSA dksMsDl laLrqfr;k cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksadsi{k es tkrh gSaA vc tc fodklkhynsk Hkh [krjukd dhVukkdksavkSj jlk;uksa}kjk LokLF; vkSj i;kZoj.kh; [krjksads izfr

lpsr gks jgs gSa] rc dksMsDl dh laLrqfr;ksaesadhVukkdksadsvak (Residues)ds lhek esaNwV nsnh x;h gSA

dksMsDl ,yhesaVsfj;l esavesfjdh izfrfuf/k e.My dk xBu bl ckr dk lcwrnsrk gS fd bl laLFkk essavkf[kj D;k id jgk gSA bl izfrfuf/k e.My esausLys] gkyS.M ,.MukbV] dksdkdksyk] isIlh dksyk] gksZ QwM dkiksZjsku tSlh cM+h [kk| vkSj dhVukkd cgqjkVh;dEifu;ksads izfrfuf/k jgsgSaA dksMsDl dk v/;{k Hkh ;wukbVsM LVsV~l MssoyiesaV ,tsalh ;w-,l- Mh- ,- dk ofjB vf/kdkjh gh FkkA vesfjdh dkaxzsl dk er gS fd [krjukd dhVukkdksads fu;kZr dks] ftudk mi;ksx vesfjdk esa izfrcfU/kr gS,d dkuwu cukdj jksd fn;k tk;D;ksafd] ;s dhVUkkkd vU; nskksa esa mu Qlyksaij fNM+ds tkrs gSa] ftudk vk;kr fQjvesfjdk dks gh gksrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy;svesfjdk esa1972 esaMh- Mh- Vh- dk mi;ksxizfrcfU/kr dj fn;k x;k vkSj Hkkjr esa Hkh flQZ eysfj;k fuokj.k essa bldsbLrseky dhvuqefr gSA ijUrqdksMsDl dh laLrqfr;k bl dhVukkh ds iz;ksx dksmfpr Bgjkrh gSaA ,d


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rjQ rksfodklkhy nskksaesaizfrcfU/kr jlk;uksadk iz;ksx dksMsDl laLrqfr;ksa ds eqrkfcdpyrk jgsxk] ijUrqnwljh rjQ lSuhVjh ,oaQkbVkslSuhVjh estlZ ds pyrsbu dhVukkdksadk mi;ksx ftu d`fk mRiknksaij fd;k tk;sxk os d`fk mRikn fodflr nskksa dks fu;kZr

ughafd;stk ldsaxsA cgjkVh; dEifu;ks dh okLrfodrk,d cgqr cM+h rsy dEiuh dk dguk gSfd og Xykscy okfeZax^ dsizfr lko/kkuh

dk joS;k viuk jgh gSA ,d cM+k d`fk jlk;u fuekZrk ,d ,sls[krjukd dhVukkd dkO;kikj djrk gS tksdbZ nskksaesaizfrcfU/kr gS] ijUrqog dEiuh trykrh gS fd og Hkw[kksadks [kkuk nsusesaenn dj jgh gSA M~;wik dsvf/kdkjh vc Hkh ;g ugha ekursfd mudkySM xSlksyhu ,fMfVo gkfudkjd gSA kSy vHkh Hkh dhVukkdksalstgj QSykusdh ?kVukvksadh ftEesnkjh udkjrh gSA jksu ikSysad vkSj dqN vU; dEifu;k vius nskksaesaizfrcfU/kr

dhVukkdksads fu;kZr dk leFkZu djrh gSaA ;wfu;u dkckZbM tks Hkksiky dk dhVukkddkj[kkuk pykrh Fkh mlusnqfu;k dh lclscM+h vkS|ksfxd nq?kZVuk ls gqbZ gtkjksaekSrksadhftEesnkjh ysuslsbUdkj dj fn;kA ,slsgh Mksdsfedy o kSy dEiuh us lkyksard dkuwuhnkao isap esaml dsl dksmy>k, j[kk ftlesamu ij Mh- ch- ih- lh- uke dsdhVukkd dsfuekZ.k o bLrseky dk vkjksi FkkA bl dhVukkd ds izHkko lsdksLVkfjdk ds[ksr etnwjksaesacU/k;rk iSnk gksx;h FkhA dqN dEifu;ksadsdkjukesauhpsfn;sgSa&M;wik &

;w- ,l- ,- dh lclscM+h jlk;u dEiuh ftldk 40 nskksaesadkjksckj gS rFkk

jlk;u] isVksfy;e] QkbclZ] ikyhelZ] dks;yk] dhVukkd dk dkjksckj djrh gSA M;wikfoo esaDyksjksyksjks dkcZu lh- ,Q- lh- dh vkfodkjd o lclscM+h fuekZrk dEiuh gSA;g jlk;u okrkoj.k dh vkstksu ys;j esa {k; dk eq[; dkj.k gSA la;q jkV i;kZoj.kdk;Ze ds vuqlkj vkstksu {k; dspkyw Lrj dh otg lsde lsde 3 yk[k Ropk dSaljdsdsl gksaxsA bllseSfyxzSaV eSysukssek Hkh gksxk vkSj okZ Hkj esaeksfr;k fcUn ds djhc 1-5djksM+dsl vkSj c


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foo Hkj esavuqeku gS fd M~;wik vkSj mldslgk;d jkst 1-6 djksM+ikmaMiznwkd NksM+rssgSaA flQZ 1986 esaM~;wik vkSj mldslgk;dksa us34-8 djksM+ ikmaM tgjhys

jlk;u vesfjdk dh ok;q] feV~Vh vkSj ikuh esaMkysA 1991 ekpZ esaekVkeksjksl] eSfDldksesa

M;wik dk fDofedk yksj IykaV ds vkl ikl dk {ks= bruk tgjhyk gksx;k Fkk fdeSfDldksdsjkVifr ustxg dsvklikl 2 ehy dk cQj tksu cukusds fy;s30]000 yksxksadks vius?kj NksM+usdk vknsk fn;kA

kSy xi &baXyS.M dh kSy xqzi dh cgqjkVh; dEiuh dk eq[; /ka/kk isVksfy;e inkFkksZa dk

gSA 1990 esakSy xqzi usnqfu;k dh lc dEifu;ksads eqdkcyslclsT;knk equkQk dek;kAbldk dkjksckj 100 nskksaesaQSyk gSA 50 nskksaesa40 djksM+,dM+ tehu gSA blesa1]37]000

yksx dke djrs gSaA okfkZd fch 100 vjc Mkyj lsij gSAvkt rd dslclsegRoiw.kZ [krjukd jlk;u fu;kZr ekeysesakSy usLVS.MMZwV dEiuh dks dsys dsckxkuksadsfy;s,d ,slk dhVukkd jlk;u lIykbZ fd;k ftlesaMkbZ czkseksDyksjksizksisu Mh- ch- lh- ih- FkkA kSy dEiuh dks 1950 lsgh ekywe Fkk fdiz;ksxkkyk ds uj tUrqvksaesabllscU/;rk LVjfyVh gksrh gSA ij mlusviusyscyksaij;g tkudkjh ughanhA la;q jkV la?k i;kZoj.k dk;Ze ustc r; fd;k fd Mh- ch- lh-ih-lseuq;ksaesa Hkh cU/;rk gksrh gS vkSj mRiknu ij fuks/k yxk fn;k] rc Hkh kSYk us ;g

jlk;u cspuk cUn ughafd;kA Mh- ch- lh- ih- dslkFk dke djus ds ckn dksLVkfjdk ds

dsysds ckxkuksaesadke djus okysgtkjksayksxkssa esacU/;rk iSnk gksx;h rkskSy dsoSKkfudus Mh- ch- lh- ih- dsl dsij ckr djrsgq, dgk [kSj tksHkh gS] tgk rd eSuslquk gSfd ogk tjk cPpksadksiSnk djusij jksd yxsxh rksbl nsk dsfy;s vPNk gh gksxkA

kSy foo esa nloha lcls cM+h dhVukkd fuekZrk dEiuh gS vkSj ,fYMu]Mkb,fYMu] o ,fYMu dh vkfodkjd o vdsyh mRiknd gSA ;g [krjukd dhVukkd muntZu Hkj [krjukd inkFkksZa esalsgS tks35 nskksa esaizfrcfU/kr gSAlkYo o lh- vkb -bZ- &

csfYt;e dh bl dEiuh dk dkjksckj 24 nskksa esagS vkSj foo dh pkSFkh cM+h

Dyksjhu o ikyh okbfuy DyksjkbM dh fuekZrk gSA lkYosdsv/;{k Msfu;y tkulu ;wjksfi;uQsMjsku Qkj dSfedy b.MLVht^ ds Hkh v/;{k gSaftldh milfefr ^;wjksaDyksj QSMjsku^vk/kqfud lekt esa Dyksjhu ds Qk;nksa dsk c


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gSaA euq;ksaesaoksiztuu esavlQyrk] tUetkr [kjkfc;k] isV esacPPkksads kSko fodkl esa:dkoVsa] dSalj o rfU=dkvksadksuqdlku igqpkrsgSaAjksusiks ysd &

kal dh lclscM+h jlk;u dEiuh] foo esavkBohalclscM+h] 80 nskksaesadk;Zjr] jksusiksysad dks1990 esa^sap lsaVj Qkj Qkjsu VsM^ }kjk okZ dk loZJsB fu;kZRkd?kksfkr fd;k x;kA lsUVj us;g ughatksM+k fd buesals vf/kdkak fu;kZRk tku ysok jlk;uksads FksA jksusiksysad foo ds vkt cspstkus okyslclstgjhysdhVukkd ,fYMdkCkZ dh ,dek= mRiknd gSA ,YMhdkcZ dh ,d cwan lso;Ld O;f ej ldrk gSA de ek=k esatkus

lsulksa dh rdyhQsa]lkal dh jksd] feryh] isV esarst nnZ] nLr o lj nnZ gks ldrsgSaA1986 esa la;q jkV i;kZoj.k dk;Ze us vuqeku yxk;k fd nfl;ksagtkj fkkq o cPpsizfrfnu dsyksa o vkyqvksa esa,YMhdkcZ vokskksadh pisV esavk jgs gSavkSj mlus izLrkfor

fd;k fd ,YMhdkcZ dsfNM+dko dh eukgh dj nh tk;A ,YMhdkcZ 11 nskksaesaizfrcfU/krgS ijUrq dEiuh vHkh Hkh 70 nskksaesablscsp jgh gSA,YMhdkcZ cukus dh izf;k ds,d Hkkx esaehFkkby vkblks lkbusV bLrseky

gksrh gS & og xSl ftlus Hkksiky esagtkjkssadksekjkAlsUMkst fyfeVsM &fLoVtjyS.M dh ;g cgqjkVh; dEiuh vkSk/kh] jlk;u] d`fk jlk;u] cht]

iksk.k dk dke 54 nskksa esadjrh gSA lsaMkst og dEiuh gStksbfrgkl esalclscqjsunh esatgjhysjlk;u dsfc[kjko dh ftEesnkj gSA 1986 esaoklsy] fLoVtjyS.M esa,d jlk;u

fo[kjko lsjgkbu unh esaiznwk.k o tgj gksx;k ftlls lSdM+kssaehyksard eNyh] ou&thouo isM+&ikS/ksej x;sA jgkbu unh lsfc[kjko esacgqr [krjukd vkxsZuksQkLQsV fMlqYQksVksuo ikjkfFk;ksu ds rhl Vu unh esacg x;sA rc lsaMkst us lQkbZ ds rkSj ij viuk vkxsZuksQkLQsV mRiknu dk 60 VDdk fgLlk jslsUMs] czkthy igqpk fn;kAfdruh cM+h g ;s\ cgjkVh; dEifu;ksdhfoukk e HkwfedkcM+h n?kZVuk;s& cgqjkVh; dkiksZjskuksadh dkjZokb;k vke rkSj ij odZjksarFkktu lewgksadks dbZrjg ds LokLF; o lqj{kk dstksf[ke esaMkyrh gSaA cgqr nQk ;g

dkjZokb;k nq?kZVukvksa eascny tkrh gSaA dbZcM+h nq?kZVuk;sadkiksZjsku ds viusnsk dsckgjgksrh gSavkSj dqN esai;kZoj.k] LokLF; o lqj{kk fu;ekasvkSj mudsikyu esanksgjsekin.MbLrseky gq, gSaA buds lclscqjs mnkgj.k gSa%&lsclks] bVyh & fLol gkWQeSu yk jksk dh ,d lgk;d dEiuh usVkbDyksjksfQuksy dk IykUV yxk;k ftlds fy;s mUgsafLOkVtjyS.M esaifeZV ughafey ldkA1976 esa ogk ,d foLQksV esa 156 odZj rFkk 37]000 ukxfjd Mk;vkWfDlu dsckny lsizHkkfor gq,AHkksiky] Hkkjr &vesfjdh ;wfu;u dkckZbM dh lgk;d dEiuh esa1984 essa ,dcM+h nq?kZVuk esa3]500 yksx ekjsx;s] 20]2000 yksx ?kk;y gq, vkSj vutkuh la[;k dscPpksaesaLFkkbZ iSnkbkh dfe;k vkbZA


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csly] fLoVtjy.M & 1986 esafMlqyQksVksu vkSj vU; jlk;uksads ,d cMs+fc[kjko esalSdM+ksaehy rd eNyh] ou tUrqvkSj isM+&ikS/ksej x;sA fLol dEiuh lSUMksttks vf/kdkak fc[kjko dh ftEesnkj Fkh & usviusfMlqyQksVksu dk xksnke jslsUMsczkthy

igqapk fn;kAQkfly ba/ku &cgqjkVh; dEiuh dh dkjZokb;k vkS|ksfxd [k.Mksa ls fudyrhvk/kslsvf/kd xzhugkml xSlksadh ftEesnkj gSaftudk Xykscy okWfeZax ij cgqr vlj gSAcgqjkVh; dEifu;kdqy rsy fudkyusvkSj ifjd`r djus dk 50 izfrkr fu;af=r djrhgSaA xSl o dks;ysds fudkyus] ifjd`r djusrFkk cspusesaHkh mudk bruk gh gkFk gSAlh- ,Q- lh- &cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksadsikl vkstksu foukkd DYkksjksyksjksdkcZulh- ,Q- lh- dsmRiknu o bLrseky dk yxHkx iwjk fu;a=.k gSA[knku dk dke &[kfut rsy fudkyusesacgqjkVh; dEifu;ksadk vHkh Hkhizeq[k m|ksxksaij izHkqRo gSA vY;wfefu;e esa flQZ 6 dEifu;k dqy [knku {kerk dk 63izfrkr] ifjd`r djusdh {kerk dk 66 izfrkr rFkk fi?kykus dh {kerk dk 54 izfrkrfu;a=.k esafy;sgSaAd`fk &tksrh tkus okyh Hkwfe esals80 izfrkr cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksadsgkFkksaesagS ftl ij fu;kZRk ds fy;s QlysamxkbZ tkrh gSaA vDlj ;g LFkkuh; [kk|kksadksgVk djfd;k x;k gSA chl cgqjkVh; dEifu;k 90 izfrkr dhVukkd dh fch dh ftEesnkj gSavkSj nqfu;k essaT;knkrj tufud cht dkskksadk fu;a=.k buds gkFk esagSAtgjhys jlk;u &cM+h cgqjkVh; dEifu;k nqfu;k dh T;knkrj Dyksjhu dk

mRiknu djrh gSa& ;g vkt rd Kkr dqN cgqr gh tgjhys] fVdus okysvkSj tSo txr esasbdV~Bsgksusokys d`f=e jlk;uksadk vk/kkj gSA bu esaih- lh- ch-] Mh- Mh- Vh-] Mk;vkWfDlu

o ;wjku] DyksfjusfVM lkWYosUV rFkk gtkjksa vU; vkxsZuksDyksjhu feJ.k kkfey gSaA bujlk;uksads LokLF; ds ij fuEu vlj gSa& bE;wu lizsku] iSnkbkh dfe;k] tufudfodkl] o raf=dk lEcU/kh [kjkfc;k] ftxj o vU; vaxksadks uqdlku] dSUlj o vU; chekfj;kA[krjukd oLrvkses O;kikj & ,d lewg ds:i esacgqjkVh; dEifu;k muphtksa o izks|ksfxfd;ksa dsvk;kr o fu;kZr esavxqvk gSatksfd dqN nskksaesaLokLF; o lqj{kkdh otgksalsfufk) gSaA dqN mnkgj.k % 1980 dsnkd dsvar esavesfjdk lscgqjkVh;

dEifu;ksads dqy dhVukkd fu;kZr dk 25 izfrkr ,slsjlk;uksadk Fkk tksLo;avesfjdkesafufk)] jftLVsku jn~n fd;s gq, ;k okil fy;sgq, FksA vejhdk o ;w- ds- esa vk/kkfjrcgqjkVh; dEifu;k ySM xSlksyhu ,fMfVo dk yxHkx iwjk foo cktkj fu;af=r djsgq, gSa&;g mRiknu vesfjdk] dSukMk] tkiku] vkLVsfy;k lsyxHkx iwjh rjg gVk;k tk pqdk gSvkSj ifpeh ;wjksi esagVk;k tk jgk gS D;kasfd i;kZoj.k esaySM dsiznwk.k o cpiu essaySMds tgj QSykus ds fy;s mldk ;ksxnku Hkyh Hkkfr igpkuk tk pqdk gSAfok &cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksadh xfrfof/k;k foo Hkj dh mRiknd lEifk dk,d pkSFkkbZ fgLlk bLrseky djrh gSaA foo O;kikj dsmRiknksa dk 70 izfrkr] vUrjjkVh;

fokh; vknku&iznku dk cM+k Hkkx vkSj foo dh mPpre izks|ksfxdh dk ,d cM+k fgLlkmuds gkFk gSA


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