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Movies Movies Chapter 7 Chapter 7

Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

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Page 1: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

MoviesMoviesChapter 7Chapter 7

Page 2: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

Big Deal?Big Deal?

• Movies-generate less money then Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksnewspapers, television or books

• Movie stars-generate attentionMovie stars-generate attention• MoneyMoney• FameFame• Most movies lose moneyMost movies lose money• Has to adapt to changes in technology and Has to adapt to changes in technology and

societysociety

Page 3: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books
Page 4: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books
Page 5: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books
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Page 7: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

What is FilmWhat is Film

• Single picture Single picture

• Repeatedly taken overRepeatedly taken over

• Pictures shown on a projectorPictures shown on a projector

• Magnified to make largerMagnified to make larger

• 1895 first films shown in Paris1895 first films shown in Paris

Page 8: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

Thomas EdisonThomas Edison

• Edison createsEdison creates

• Vitascope-America’s version of projectorVitascope-America’s version of projector

• Sideshow at penny arcade’sSideshow at penny arcade’s

• 1900-NYC-600 Nickelodeons1900-NYC-600 Nickelodeons

• 20 minute shows20 minute shows

Page 9: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books
Page 10: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

Edison expandsEdison expands

• Edison produced and showed his own moviesEdison produced and showed his own movies

• 1908 Edison merges with Biograph films1908 Edison merges with Biograph films

• Motion Picture Patents Company-CreatedMotion Picture Patents Company-Created

• Better film and projectorsBetter film and projectors

• The future of filmsThe future of films• AudienceAudience• technologytechnology

Page 11: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

Early filmsEarly films

• Black and whiteBlack and white

• Silent-no soundSilent-no sound

• Sound-introduced in 1920’sSound-introduced in 1920’s

• Color-comes in1930’sColor-comes in1930’s

Page 12: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

Charlie ChaplinCharlie Chaplin

• Silent filmsSilent films

• Huge StarHuge Star

• ““The Kid”The Kid”

• Problems with studiosProblems with studios

• Wants more controlWants more control

Page 13: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

George meliesGeorge melies

• French magician and artistFrench magician and artist• Added fantasy Added fantasy • Camera tricksCamera tricks• 1902- “A Trip To The Moon”1902- “A Trip To The Moon”• First Science FictionFirst Science Fiction• Trick FilmsTrick Films• American’s steal his idea’sAmerican’s steal his idea’s

Page 14: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

Edwin S. PorterEdwin S. Porter

• 1903- “The Great Train Robbery”1903- “The Great Train Robbery”

• 12 different locations12 different locations• Not in a studioNot in a studio• Looked real-or more realLooked real-or more real

• Transitions or dissolves between shotsTransitions or dissolves between shots

• First action filmFirst action film

• Everyone else followsEveryone else follows

Page 15: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books
Page 16: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books
Page 17: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

The Studio systemThe Studio system

• Movie studios signed major starsMovie studios signed major stars

• Only work for that studioOnly work for that studio• No screen creditNo screen credit• Long work-little payLong work-little pay• 1909-Florence Lawrence-America’s first movie 1909-Florence Lawrence-America’s first movie

starstar

Page 18: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books
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D.w. griffith’sD.w. griffith’sbirth of a nationbirth of a nation

• 1915-Civil War and Reconstruction1915-Civil War and Reconstruction

• Racial stereotypesRacial stereotypes

• 110,000 to produce110,000 to produce

• Most expensive film to dateMost expensive film to date

• Portrays KKK as heroes Portrays KKK as heroes

• Inter-racial marriageInter-racial marriage

• Films-can be controversialFilms-can be controversial

Page 21: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

Controversial FilmsControversial Films

• CaligulaCaligula

• KidsKids

• Do the Right ThingDo the Right Thing

• Basic InstinctBasic Instinct

• Last Temptation of ChristLast Temptation of Christ

• Clockwork OrangeClockwork Orange

• Passion of the ChristPassion of the Christ

Page 22: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

Race filmsRace films

• 1916-Josephine Baker and Paul Robeson1916-Josephine Baker and Paul Robeson

• All black casts-played every roleAll black casts-played every role

• Heroes, doctors, lawyers, villainsHeroes, doctors, lawyers, villains

• Uplifted black prideUplifted black pride

• Shown in South-segregated NorthShown in South-segregated North

• Sold to specific audienceSold to specific audience

Page 23: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

impactimpact

• People would gather for a filmPeople would gather for a film

• Appealed to specific audiencesAppealed to specific audiences• Af. AmericanAf. American• SouthernersSoutherners• White suburban adultsWhite suburban adults• Teen-agersTeen-agers• womenwomen

Page 24: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

HollywoodHollywood

• 1920’s-move west1920’s-move west

• Leave New YorkLeave New York

• Cheap labor and landCheap labor and land

• Better weatherBetter weather

• Easier to make filmsEasier to make films

Page 25: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

Block bookingBlock booking

• Paramount pictures-Adolph ZukorParamount pictures-Adolph Zukor

• Theatre’s had to take ALL of a studio’s filmsTheatre’s had to take ALL of a studio’s films• Even the terrible onesEven the terrible ones• To get the few good onesTo get the few good ones• Actors want more controlActors want more control

Page 26: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

United artistsUnited artists

• 1919-Actors form United Artist Studios1919-Actors form United Artist Studios

• Mary Pickford, Charlie Chaplin & Douglas Mary Pickford, Charlie Chaplin & Douglas FaribanksFaribanks

• Creates independent filmsCreates independent films

• Not owned by the studiosNot owned by the studios

• More freedom and controlMore freedom and control

Page 27: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

Fatty arbuckleFatty arbuckle

• 1921-huge party1921-huge party

• Virginia Rappe dies at end of partyVirginia Rappe dies at end of party

• Arbuckle put on trial for manslaughterArbuckle put on trial for manslaughter

• Not GuiltyNot Guilty

• Career ruinedCareer ruined

• Hollywood immoralHollywood immoral

• ““Catholic Legion of Decency”-boycott moviesCatholic Legion of Decency”-boycott movies

• Movies must police themselvesMovies must police themselves

Page 28: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

Hays officeHays office

• Will Hays-police movie makingWill Hays-police movie making

• 1930-creates list of do’s and don’ts about 1930-creates list of do’s and don’ts about making movies.making movies.

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Production codeProduction code

• 1. no movie will lower the moral standards of 1. no movie will lower the moral standards of the viewerthe viewer• Crime must never winCrime must never win• Evil never winEvil never win• Sin-no good can never winSin-no good can never win

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Hayes CodeHayes Code

• 2. correct standards of life2. correct standards of life• No excessive use of deathNo excessive use of death• Killing or violenceKilling or violence• Can not show anyone being shotCan not show anyone being shot

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Hayes CodeHayes Code

• 3. can not make fun of or ridicule the law 3. can not make fun of or ridicule the law • Must be goodMust be good• RespectfulRespectful

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furthermorefurthermore

• Murder-can not inspire imitationMurder-can not inspire imitation

• Sex-No excessive lustful kissing, embraces, or Sex-No excessive lustful kissing, embraces, or gestures can be showngestures can be shown

• Obscenity-word, gesture, reference or song-Obscenity-word, gesture, reference or song-forbidden –even if only half the audience get forbidden –even if only half the audience get it.it.

• Costumes-can not show undue exposure or Costumes-can not show undue exposure or indecent movementsindecent movements

• Needed “Seal of Approval” to be releasedNeeded “Seal of Approval” to be released

Page 33: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

SoundSound

• 1927-Warner Bros1927-Warner Bros

• ““The Jazz Singer”-The Jazz Singer”-

• Starring Al JolsenStarring Al Jolsen

• 1933-all movies w/sound1933-all movies w/sound

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Studios big businessStudios big business

• The Big FiveThe Big Five• Warner Bros.Warner Bros.• MGMMGM• ParamountParamount• RKORKO• 2020thth Century Fox Century Fox• Dominate MoviesDominate Movies• 2/3 of all business2/3 of all business• Owned movies theatres as wellOwned movies theatres as well

Page 36: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

1930’s1930’s

• Depression hitsDepression hits

• Movies struggleMovies struggle

• GimmicksGimmicks• BingoBingo• Double featureDouble feature• Get people to moviesGet people to movies

Page 37: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

Organized laborOrganized labor

• 1930’s1930’s

• Screen Actors GuildScreen Actors Guild

• Screen Directors GuildScreen Directors Guild

• Screen Writers GuildScreen Writers Guild

• UnionizeUnionize

Page 38: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

Golden Age of moviesGolden Age of movies

• Late 1930’s-early 40’sLate 1930’s-early 40’s

• ““Wizard of Oz”Wizard of Oz”

• ““Gone With The Wind”Gone With The Wind”

• Huge moviesHuge movies

• Money and fameMoney and fame

Page 39: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

Hollywood TenHollywood Ten

• HUAC-House on Un-American ActivitiesHUAC-House on Un-American Activities

• Cold War-fear of communism in AmericaCold War-fear of communism in America

• 1951-looking for Communists in Hollywood1951-looking for Communists in Hollywood

• Blacklisted-Blacklisted-• Writers and directorsWriters and directors• no workno work

• Give “Names”Give “Names”

• Lives ruined Lives ruined

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U.S. V. ParamountU.S. V. Paramount

• Justice Department gets studios to:Justice Department gets studios to:• Limit block booking to 5 filmsLimit block booking to 5 films• End blind booking-not see film before renting itEnd blind booking-not see film before renting it• Stop theatres from renting short filmsStop theatres from renting short films• No longer own theatresNo longer own theatres• 1948-Gov’t breaks up studio system1948-Gov’t breaks up studio system• MonopolyMonopoly

Page 42: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

televisiontelevision

• The big threatThe big threat

• 1950’s-TV’s up 400%1950’s-TV’s up 400%

• Movies down 45%Movies down 45%

• Movies adaptMovies adapt• 3-D Films3-D Films• WidescreenWidescreen• Bigger movies- “Sound of Music”Bigger movies- “Sound of Music”

Page 43: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

Movie RatingsMovie Ratings

• Jack Valenti-LBJ Advisor becomes head of MPAAJack Valenti-LBJ Advisor becomes head of MPAA

• 1966-Motion Picture Assoc. of America1966-Motion Picture Assoc. of America

• G-General AudienceG-General Audience

• PG-Parental Guidance SuggestedPG-Parental Guidance Suggested

• PG-13-over 13 (1980’s)PG-13-over 13 (1980’s)

• R-Restricted-over 17R-Restricted-over 17

• NC-17-offensiveNC-17-offensive

Page 44: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

Movie businessMovie business

• Major studios make less then 20 films a yearMajor studios make less then 20 films a year

• Independents-rest of moviesIndependents-rest of movies

• Target all agesTarget all ages

• People over 30-biggest movie audiencePeople over 30-biggest movie audience• Have kidsHave kids• MoneyMoney• TimeTime

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fragmentedfragmented

• Writers & Producers-create movieWriters & Producers-create movie

• Investors-moneyInvestors-money

• Sell movie-distributorsSell movie-distributors

• Exhibitors-show movieExhibitors-show movie

• Business broken upBusiness broken up

• All 4 must work togetherAll 4 must work together

Page 46: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

What Happened?What Happened?

• 1946-4 billion tickets sold-best year ever1946-4 billion tickets sold-best year ever

• Today-@1 billionToday-@1 billion

• TVTV

• RentalsRentals

• DVDDVD

• DownloadDownload

Page 47: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

Who Does WhatWho Does What

• Screenwriter-work indepentlyScreenwriter-work indepently

• Sell stories and ideasSell stories and ideas

• Tough and competitiveTough and competitive

• Need a hitNeed a hit

Page 48: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

producersproducers

• People who gather money to create moviePeople who gather money to create movie

• InvestmentInvestment• Kennedy’sKennedy’s• Many groups won’t touch certain moviesMany groups won’t touch certain movies

• MaterialMaterial• Risk of losing moneyRisk of losing money

Page 49: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

DirectorDirector

• Takes script and organizes every aspect of Takes script and organizes every aspect of storystory• ActorsActors• MusicMusic• PlotPlot• FeelFeel• RealismRealism

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Page 51: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

Price of moviesPrice of movies

• Average cost make a movie-78 millionAverage cost make a movie-78 million

• 2 out of 10 movies make money2 out of 10 movies make money

• 1946-4 billion people went to movies1946-4 billion people went to movies

• Today-1 billionToday-1 billion

• Ancillary rightsAncillary rights• Pay TVPay TV• Network-TV showingsNetwork-TV showings• SyndicationSyndication• AirlineAirline• Bring in money for moviesBring in money for movies

Page 52: Movies Chapter 7. Big Deal? Movies-generate less money then newspapers, television or booksMovies-generate less money then newspapers, television or books

technologytechnology

• Make movies easierMake movies easier

• ComputersComputers

• Smaller camera’sSmaller camera’s

• Special effectsSpecial effects

• Send films directly to theatre using satellite Send films directly to theatre using satellite dishesdishes

• Recordable DVD’s-bootlegsRecordable DVD’s-bootlegs