MR. GOFF’S WORLD HISTORY

UNIT ONE: GEOGRAPHY

5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY

BYOD

BRING YOUR OWN DEVICE

IN SMALL GROUPS (3-4), USE YOUR ELECTRONIC DEVICE(S) AND DEFINE THE

FOLLOWING VOCAB. WORDS

1. GEOGRAPHY

2. PERSPECTIVE

3. LANDSCAPE

4. CARTOGRPAHY

5. METEOROLOGY

6. REGION

7. FORMAL REGION

8. FUNCTIONAL REGION

5 THEMES VIDEO CLIP

L.E.Q./ OBJECTIVEWHAT I SHOULD KNOW

LECTURE #1

• WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY

• HOW ARE GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY LINKED?

• WHAT ARE THE TWO MAIN BRANCHES IN GEOGRAPHY?

• HOW DO WE USE GEOGRAPHY ?

HOW ARE GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY LINKED?

*GEORGRAPHY – IS THE STUDY OF EVERYTHING ON EARTH, FROM ROCKS AND RAINFALL TO PEOPLE AND PLACES.

HOW DO THEY LINK?

THE LINK

BY SHOWING HOW PEOPLE LIVED IN DIFFERENT TIMES AND PLACES, GEOGRAPHERS HAVE ADDED TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF HUMAN HISTORY.

THE 5 THEMES AND SIX ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS

• 1) LOCATION – DEALS WITH THE EXACT OR RELATIVE SPOT OF SOMETHING ON EARTH.

• 2) PLACE – PHYSICAL AND HUMAN FEATURES OF A LOCATION.

• 3) HUMAN-ENVIRONMENTAL – WAYS PEOPLE AND ENVIRONMENTS INTERRELATE WITH AND AFFECT EACH OTHER.

• 4) MOVEMENT – INVOLVED HOW PEOPLE AND THINGS CHANGE LOCATIONS AND THE EFFECTS OF THESE CHANGES.

• 5) REGION – ORGANIZES EARTH INTO GEOGRAPHIC AREAS WITH ONE OR MORE SHARED CHARACTERISTICS.

TWO MAIN BRANCHES OF GEOGRAPHY

WHO USES GEOGRAPHY???

• WE ____________ USE GEOGRAPHY EVERYDAY!

• USE IT TO FIND PLACES.

WHERE TO LOCATE PLACES (LIKE RESTAURANTS)

• TO LOCATE GIRLFRIEND/BOYFRIEND HANGOUTS.

USE GPS TO FIND EXACTLY WHERE CERTAIN PLACES ARE!!!

SUB FIELDS OF GEOGRAPHY

CARTOGRAPHY – THE STUDY OF MAPS AND MAPMAKING.

METEOROLOGY – THE STUDY OF ___________________.

HOW DO WE STUDY GEOGRAPHY

REGION – AN AREA WITH ONE OR MORE COMMON FEATURES THAT MAKE IT DIFFERENT THAN SURROUNDING AREAS.

DEFINED BY THEIR HUMAN AND PHYSICAL FEATURES.

TYPES OF REGIONS: 3 BASIC WAYS

• 1) FORMAL REGIONS – HAS ONE OR MORE COMMON FEATURES THAT MAKE IT DIFFERENT FROM SURROUNDING AREAS.• 2) FUNCTIONAL REGIONS – DIFFERENT

PLACES THAT ARE LINKED TOGETHER AND FUNCTION AS A UNIT.• PERCEPTUAL REGIONS – REGIONS THAT

REFLECT HUMAN FEELINGS AND ATTITUDES.

EXAMPLES

• FORMAL REGION

EXAMPLE: THE SAHEL IN AFRICA. THIS DRY REGION LIES BETWEEN THE SAHARA, A VAST DESERT TO THE NORTH, AND WETTER FORESTED AREAS TO

THE SOUTH

. FUNCTIONAL REGION

EXAMPLE: A CITY TRANSIT SYSTEM IS A FUNCTIONAL REGION. IT INCLUDES MANY DIFFERENT PLACES. HOWEVER, THE FLOW OF PEOPLE, TRAINS, AND

BUSES LINK THOSE PLACES TOGETHER.

PERCEPTION

EXAMPLE: DIFFERENT PEOPLE SEE THE SAME PLACE DIFFERENTLY.

ASSESSMENT

• CREATE A DREAM TOWN

DIRECTIONS: DESCRIBE THE GEOGRAPHY OF YOUR TOWN. WHERE IS IT LOCATED? WHAT ARE THE PEOPLE LIKE? WHAT IS THE LANDSCAPE LIKE? IS

THE WEATHER CONSISTENT YEAR ROUND, OR DOES IT CHANGE?

DO NOT RUSH THROUGH THIS ASSIGNMENT. USE WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED TODAY (VOCABULARY WORDS AND CONCEPTS) TO COMPLETE THIS

ASSIGNMENT.

MR. GOFF’S WORLD HISTORY

GEOGRAPHY: SKILL BUILDING

USING THE GEOGRAPHER’S TOOLS

WARM UP

1. LIST A TIME WHEN YOU’VE HAD TO USE A MAP, GLOBE AND OR A GPS.

2. IN YOUR OPINION, HOW DO MAPS HELP US IN OUR EVERYDAY AFFAIRS?

COMPLETE AND TURN INDREAM TOWN ASSESSMENT

L.E.Q. WHAT I SHOULD KNOW

1. HOW DO GEOGRAPHERS AND MAPMAKERS ORGANIZE OUR WORLD?

2. WHAT KINDS OF SPECIAL MAPS DO GEOGRAPHERS USE?

3. HOW DO GEOGRAPHERS USE CLIMATE GRAPHS AND POPULATION PYRAMIDS?

GLOBE

ORGANIZING THE GLOBE

• GLOBE – SCALE MODEL OF EARTH

• USEFUL FOR LOOKING AT THE WHOLE PLANET OR LARGE AREAS OF ITS LAND AND WATER SURFACES.

• THE PATTERN OF LINES MAKES A GRID.

• LATITUDE – DRAWN IN AN EAST-WEST DIRECTION.

• LONGITUDE – NORTH SOUTH DIRECTION.

CONTINUED

• LATITUDE MEASURE THE DISTANCE NORTH AND SOUTH OF THE EQUATOR. LINES OF LATITUDE ARE ALSO CALLED PARALLELS.

• LINES OF LONGITUDE ARE CALLED MERIDIANS. MEASURE EAST AND WEST OF THE PRIME MERIDIAN.

• BOTH MEASURED IN DEGREES, DEGREES ARE FURTHER DIVIDED INTO MINUTES. 60 MINUTES IN A DEGREE.

LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE

HEMISPHERES, CONTINENTS, OCEANS

• THE EQUATOR DIVIDED THE EARTH INTO HEMISPHERES.

• PRIME MERIDIAN AND 180 MERIDIAN DIVIDE THE WORLD INTO EASTERN AND WESTERN HEMISPHERES.

• ALSO ORGANIZED INTO 7 CONTINENTS.

AFRICA, ANTARCTICA, ASIA, AUSTRALIA, EUROPE, NORTH AMERICA AND SOUTH AMERICA.

• ASIA IS THE LARGES AND AUSTRALIA IS THE SMALLEST.

• GREENLAND IS THE WORLD’S LARGEST ISLAND.

MAPS

MAKING MAPS

• ______ ARE FLAT REPRESENTATIONS OF ALL OR PART OF EARTH’S SURFACE.

• A COLLECTION OF MAPS IN ONE BOOK IS CALLED AN ATLAS.

• DIFFERENT WAYS OF REPRESENTING THE ROUND EARTH ON A FLAT MAP. THESE ARE CALLED MAP PROJECTIONS. TRUE SIZED OF CONTINENTS AND BODIES OF WATER ARE NOT SHOWN ON ALL MAPS.

GREAT CIRCLE ROUTE

• DRAWING A STRAIGHT LINE ON A FLAT MAP WILL NOT SHOW THE SHORTEST ROUTE BETWEEN TWO PLACES.

• SHORTEST ROUTE BETWEEN TWO PLACES ON THE PLANET IS CALLED A GREAT CIRCLE ROUTE.

MAP PROJECTIONS

• CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS – ARE DESIGNED LIKE A CYLINDER HAS BEEN WRAPPED AROUND THE GLOBE. A MERCATOR MAP IS AN EXAMPLE OF THIS. HELPS NAVIGATORS BECAUSE IT SHOWS TRUE DIRECTION AND SHAPE. LANDMASSES AT HIGH LATITUDES ARE EXAGGERATED IN SIZE.

• CONIC PROJECTIONS – ARE DESIGNED AS IF A CONE HAS BEEN PLACED OVER THE GLOBE. ACCURATE WHERE THE LINES OF LATITUDE WHERE IT TOUCHES THE GLOBE.

• FLAT-PLANE GLOBES – TOUCH THE GLOBE AT ONE POINT. SHOWS TRUE DIRECTION FOR PLANES AND SHIPS.

CONIC MAP AND FLAT PLANE

UNDERSTANDING MAP ELEMENTS

• SCALE – THE SIZE OF AN AREA AND THE LEVEL OF DETAIL THAT IS SHOWN. MAPS SHOW LARGE OR SMALL AREAS.

DISTANCE SCALES

• DIRECTION SCALES SHOWS THE REAL DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO PLACES ON A MAP.

DIRECTIONAL INDICATORS

• DIRECTIONAL INDICATORS - SHOWS WHICH DIRECTION ON A MAP IS NORTH SOUTH EAST OR WEST.

SOME MAPMAKERS USE A “NORTH ARROW,” WHICH POINTS TOWARD THE NORTH POLE.

• COMPASS ROSE – HAS ARROWS THAT POINT TO ALL FOUR PRINCIPAL DIRECTIONS.

LEGENDS

• LEGENDS - IDENTIFIES THE SYMBOLS ON A MAP AND WHAT THEY REPRESENT.

CLIMATE GRAPHS AND POPULATION PYRAMIDS

• CLIMATE GRAPHS SHOW THE AVERAGE TEMPERATURES AND PRECIPITATION IN ONE GRAPH.

• ALONG THE LEFT SIDE OF THE CLIMATE GRAPH IS A RANGE OF TEMPERATURES. RIGHT SIDE IS AN AVERAGE AMOUNT OF PRECIPITATION.

• A POPULATION PYRAMID – SHOWS THE AVERAGE AMOUNT OF MALES AND FEMALES BY AGE GROUP IN A COUNTRY’S POPULATION.

IDENTIFY THE MAPS

• HANDOUTS WITH MAPS

PLEASE WRITE ANSWERS ON YOUR OWN PAPER

UNIT TEST REVIEWON A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER, EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING

TERMS BY USING THEM CORRECTLY IN SENTENCES.

• GEOGRAPHY, CARTOGRAPHY, REGION, FORMAL REGION, FUNCTIONAL REGION, PERCEPTUAL REGION, EQUATOR, PRIME MERIDIAN, CONTINENTS AND ATLAS.

MAP ASSESSMENTNAME EACH CONTINENT USE. PG. 1000 IN HISTORY BOOK

COLOR MAP

GEOGRAPHY REVIEWUNDERSTANDING MAIN IDEAS

• 1. WHAT ARE TWO MAIN BRANCHES IN THE STUDY OF GEOGRAPHY?

• 2. WHAT ARE THE 5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY?

• 3. WHAT ARE THE 6 KINDS OF SPECIAL-PURPOSE MAPS?