Taylor DelphJames Cannariato

Kayla AbrottAbby Grove

Ashley George

Ahh! Volcanoes!Ahh! Volcanoes!

The Creation StoryThe Creation Story

Oceanic Continental

Convergent PlatesConvergent Plates

Convergent PlatesConvergent Plates

Oceanic Oceanic

Continental Continental

Convergent PlatesConvergent Plates

Features of VolcanoesFeatures of Volcanoes

3 Different Types of 3 Different Types of Volcanoes!Volcanoes!

Cinder Cone Volcanoes!Cinder Cone Volcanoes!

Paricutin Paricutin

Stratovolcanoes! Stratovolcanoes! (Composite)(Composite)

Mt. FujiMt. Fuji

Mt. Rainier Mt. Rainier

Mt. PinatuboMt. Pinatubo

Why areWhy arevolcanoes volcanoes

important??important??

Our team studied know effects of volcanoes and sought to uncover their impact on earth’s climate. We also developed a geo-engineering solution proposition.

Volcano HazardsVolcano Hazards Volcanoes emit hazards that destroy

everything in their path, including…• Blasts• Lahars• Pyroclastic Flows• Lava• Poisonous Gases

Initial BlastsInitial Blasts

The Initial blast of the Pinatubo volcano was an incredibly powerful event that decimated any and everything nearby.• 240 megatons of thermal energy were released in

eruption. (way more than a nuclear bomb.)• A giant ash cloud was released that rose 35 km into

the air.• Hot gases and lava surged into the surrounding

country side and burned everything.• Volcano Domination

PyroClastic FlowPyroClastic Flow Pyroclastic flows are huge swirling

clouds of fire, sulfur, rock, and poisonous death that explode out onto the surface

The cloud flows at extremely high speed down the surface of the mountain.• Because the material is too heavy to be lifted

up into the air, but hot enough to garner some lift, there is little friction with the ground to hinder its movement.

LaharLahar A mudflow or landslide

composed of pyroclastic material (tephra) and water that flows down the side of a volcano

Can flow down the side of the volcano at 60 mph.

At Pinatubo, Lahars were formed by the typhoon that was passing through the area at the time, increasing its killing power.

LavaLava Lava is molten rock that is over

2000° F. That is hot enough to melt/destroy everything.

Molten magma billows up from inside the the earth’s crust, and comes out onto the surface and flows down the mountain side.• Overtime, this builds up to create new land

masses (Ex: Hawaii)

Hot Ash & SulfurHot Ash & Sulfur Volcanoes release all kinds of poisonous

gases and materials into the atmosphere• These include: Sulfur, HCl( stomach acid), CO2,

ash, and other horrible pollutants• Sulfur reacts with the water molecules to create

aerosols which reflect solar energ back into space; albedo effect

• The HCl come back into the atmosphere as a acid rain, which can damage lungs, eyeballs, paint, and plant life.

• After the Pinatubo explosion, the pollutants created dazzling sunsets as the light was refracted into reds and purples and oranges.

The Ozone EffectThe Ozone Effect What is the ozone? Location Absorbs 93-99% of

the sun’s harmful radiation

The Ozone EffectThe Ozone Effect Sulfur Dioxide Gases – not a direct

role in cooling Ozone depletion

The Ozone EffectThe Ozone Effect Our fault? Climate change

•Five types of fine particles contribute to haze: sulfates, nitrates, organic carbon, elemental carbon, and crustal material.

•Haze is caused by fine particles that scatter and absorb light, stopping it from reaching the earth’s surface and lowering global temperatures

• Large volcanic eruption columns spew ash particles and sulfuric gases into the troposphere and stratosphere, creating clouds that can remain for weeks after the eruption

• The sulfurous gases combine with water in the atmosphere to form acidic aerosols that also absorb incoming solar radiation and scatter it back out into space

• Hard to measure

Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse gases• Carbon Dioxide,

Methane, N2O, CFCs Short wavelength

radiation• UV and visible light

Greenhouse Effect + Mt. Pinatubo

Carbon Dioxide and Global Warming

Haze Effect

« Ash cloud, Mt. Pinatubo

Photo courtesy of NOAA

http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=how-do-volcanoes-affect-w

http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/climate_effects.html http://climate-change.suite101.com/article.cfm/how_haze_particles_aff

ect_climate http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Home.html http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/news/2009/greenhousegas_index_2008.html http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/factsheets/SAGE_prt.htm http://asd-www.larc.nasa.gov/SOLAR/learning-aerosol.html http://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/ http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/education/gases/ozone http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/education/gases/climate http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Home http://oceanandair.coas.oregonstate.edu/index.cfm?

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