MUGHAL EMPIREMUGHAL EMPIRE

MUGHAL EMPIREMUGHAL EMPIRE 1526–18571526–1857 MogulMogul (also (also MoghulMoghul) ) EmpireEmpire imperial power in the imperial power in the Indian subcontinentIndian subcontinent The The MughalMughal emperors emperors were Muslims and were Muslims and

direct descendants of direct descendants of Genghis KhanGenghis Khan through through Chagatai KhanChagatai Khan

height of their power, late 17th and early 18th height of their power, late 17th and early 18th centuriescenturies

controlled most of the subcontinent controlled most of the subcontinent The "classic period" of the empire started in The "classic period" of the empire started in

1556 with the accession of 1556 with the accession of Akbar the GreatAkbar the Great Under his rule, India enjoyed much cultural Under his rule, India enjoyed much cultural

and economic progress as well as religious and economic progress as well as religious harmony between Muslims and Hindus.harmony between Muslims and Hindus.

Founder of Mughal Dynasty was Babur, 1526Founder of Mughal Dynasty was Babur, 1526 Another important emperor, Shah JahanAnother important emperor, Shah Jahan

Shah Shah JahanJahan, the fifth emperor, the fifth emperor golden age of golden age of MughalMughal architecture architecture TajTaj MahalMahal at at AgraAgra JamaJama MasjidMasjid of Delhi of Delhi

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONSCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION http://www.history.com/videos/isaac-newton-and-a-scientific-revolution#isaac-newton-and-a-scientific-revolutionhttp://www.history.com/videos/isaac-newton-and-a-scientific-revolution#isaac-newton-and-a-scientific-revolution

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONSCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

The The scientific revolutionscientific revolution was the dawning of was the dawning of modern sciencemodern science during the during the early modern periodearly modern period, , when developments in when developments in mathematicsmathematics, , physicsphysics, , astronomyastronomy, , biologybiology, , medicinemedicine, and , and chemistrychemistry transformed views of society and nature transformed views of society and nature

End of Renaissance to 18 centuryEnd of Renaissance to 18 century the publication in 1543 of the publication in 1543 of NicolausNicolaus Copernicus Copernicus's 's

De De revolutionibusrevolutionibus orbiumorbium coelestiumcoelestium ( (On the On the Revolutions of the Heavenly SpheresRevolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) and ) and Andreas VesaliusAndreas Vesalius's 's De De humanihumani corporiscorporis fabricafabrica ((On the Fabric of the Human bodyOn the Fabric of the Human body) – BEGINNING!) – BEGINNING!

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONSCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION NICHOLAS COPERNICUSNICHOLAS COPERNICUS 1473 – 15431473 – 1543 PRUSSIA, KINGDOM OF PRUSSIA, KINGDOM OF

POLANDPOLAND RenaissanceRenaissance mathematicianmathematician

and and astronomerastronomer; POLYMATH; POLYMATH heliocentricheliocentric modelmodel which placed which placed

the Sun, rather than the Earth, the Sun, rather than the Earth, at the center of the at the center of the universeuniverse

major event in the major event in the history of sciencehistory of science

began the began the Copernican RevolutionCopernican Revolution and and contributed importantly to the contributed importantly to the rise of the ensuing rise of the ensuing Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution

GALILEO GALILEIGALILEO GALILEI 1564-16421564-1642 PISA, FLORENCE, ITALYPISA, FLORENCE, ITALY Italian Italian physicistphysicist, , mathematicianmathematician, , astronomerastronomer, ,

and and philosopherphilosopher who played a major role in who played a major role in the the Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution

improvements to the improvements to the telescopetelescope "father of modern "father of modern observational astronomyobservational astronomy““ "father of modern "father of modern physicsphysics““ "father of science“"father of science“ "the Father of Modern Science“"the Father of Modern Science“ the discovery of the four largest satellites of the discovery of the four largest satellites of

JupiterJupiter (named the (named the Galilean moonsGalilean moons in his in his honourhonour

observation and analysis of observation and analysis of sunspotssunspots improved improved military compassmilitary compass and other and other

instrumentsinstruments heliocheliocentrismentrism was controversial within his was controversial within his

lifetime, when most subscribed to either lifetime, when most subscribed to either geocentrismgeocentrism

JOHANNES KEPLERJOHANNES KEPLER

1571-16301571-1630 German German mathematicianmathematician, ,

astronomerastronomer key figure in the 17th key figure in the 17th

century century scientific revolutionscientific revolution laws of planetary motionlaws of planetary motion provided one of the provided one of the

foundations for foundations for Isaac NewtonIsaac Newton's theory of 's theory of universal gravitationuniversal gravitation

ISAAC NEWTONISAAC NEWTON

1642-17261642-1726 English English physicistphysicist, ,

mathematicianmathematician, , astronomerastronomer, , natural philosophernatural philosopher, , alchemistalchemist and and theologiantheologian

considered by many to considered by many to be the greatest and be the greatest and most influential most influential scientist who ever lived scientist who ever lived

PhilosophiæPhilosophiæ NaturalisNaturalis Principia Principia MathematicaMathematica, published in , published in 16871687

PRINCIPIA, laid the foundations for most of PRINCIPIA, laid the foundations for most of classical mechanicsclassical mechanics

universal gravitationuniversal gravitation and and the three laws of motionthe three laws of motion, which , which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuriesthe next three centuries

motion of objects on Earth and that of motion of objects on Earth and that of celestialcelestial bodies is bodies is governed by the same set of natural laws: by governed by the same set of natural laws: by demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's laws of demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravitation he removed planetary motion and his theory of gravitation he removed the last doubts about heliocentrism and advanced the the last doubts about heliocentrism and advanced the scientific revolution scientific revolution

ALEXANDER POPE, FAMOUS BRITISH ALEXANDER POPE, FAMOUS BRITISH POET SAID OF NEWTON:POET SAID OF NEWTON:

Nature and nature's laws lay hid in night;Nature and nature's laws lay hid in night;God said "Let Newton be" and all was light. God said "Let Newton be" and all was light.

NEWTON SAID OF HIMSELF:NEWTON SAID OF HIMSELF: If I have seen further it is by standing on the If I have seen further it is by standing on the

shoulders of giants. shoulders of giants.