52
Taxonomy of the family Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera) DISSERTATION PRESENTED FOR THE DEGREE OF Muittv of ^fiilogopd? IN ZOOLOGY OF THE AUGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY. ALIGARH BY Md. Jamal Ahmad DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY AUGARH (INDIA) 1989

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Taxonomy of the family Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera)

DISSERTATION PRESENTED FOR THE DEGREE OF

Muittv of ^fiilogopd? IN

ZOOLOGY OF

THE AUGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY. ALIGARH

BY

Md. Jamal Ahmad

DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY

AUGARH (INDIA)

1989

g^*^wir^

DS1489

D E P A R T M E N T O F Z O O L O G Y ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY

ALIGARH—202 002, U.P. (INDIA)

Phones : fUniversity : 285 LPublic : 5646

Seel ions 1. 2. 3 . 4. 5.

ENTOMOLOGY PARASITOLOGY ICHTHYOLOGY & FISHERIES AGRICULTURAL IMEMATOLOGY GENETICS Date 7«12,1989

This i s to certify thet '4r» '4dl» Janal Ahmad has eoflpisiaci his t%PhiI« work under mf st^>ervi«ian on a probiata entit led ** Ta^onoof of the fataily PteronalidM (Hfiaenoptera)*** This Is an original eontribtttlon and di&tinet addition to the existing knosirledge on the subject* Being satisfied with the quality «nd quantity of the worl he i s permitted to submit i t for the a««ird at ?^Phil« degree in Zoology of the Aligarh '^slim ^hiversity, Aligarh*

( "t 'Adam ' hafee ) fleader

CONTENTS

Page

I . ACKN0WLEDG£S1ENTS 1

I I . INTRODUCTION 2

I I I . MATERIAL AND METHOD 5

IV. SUBFA !ILY MISCOGASTERINAB. 6

Diagnosis • • • . . . » . 6

Key t o Indian genera of M i s c o g a s t e r i n a e . . . . . 6

1 . G^nus svirtmaiH Mallcer • • 12

Key t o Indian spec ies of s v a t a a i s Walker,.

based on females • • . . . • 12

svataalM oarvula ThtMnaon 14

Sv«taai« ygncltftYnra Faxooql & Menon 14

SYg^arta frCTYJLcotntg «P«" ^ SYrtaaia ^aJLfrawia^ «ani le

svattaaia ^enyiffornla waiker le

SY?tayl.g d^gyn^uffa? Mani 17

^ ? ^ a a i g ?P<rYr^g4^ffg Walker 17

2 . Genua tttaWqaatiM Walker 19

^ggQMg^gg >H?rt9na4a Walker 19

3 . Genus HaittCOBtCga Spinola 22

telUgggfegfa ifflPftfligna4a Chls t l & s h a f e e . . . . 23

4. Genus Haltigngtflrtnn ^ ^ o s 25

HaltiCQDterina aliaarhenaia sp.n 25

Ji

Page

5 . Genus SPtie^qaatflC S p l n o l a 28

Key to Indian species of SPftgqJqartttr

splnola* based on females* • •••••...• 29

SDheolQaater steplcola Boucek 30

gg^ig^Lqarter qjiflfrrata graham 30 SDheolQaater a l n o u l a r l a sD,n 31

6 . Genus syntomopua Walker 34

syntomoDua I n d a u a Thomson • • • 34

7 . Genus J&jfeQfllXKtoia Masl 35

SiOiQfllXiZSiUa Jaia&£ Maal 35

V. LIST OF PIBROMALZD PARASITES AND THEIR HOSTS,

IN INDIA 37

VI. REPBRENCES 39

- 1 -

Z. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The author i s g r e a t l y Indebted t o Or. S. Adam shafee#

Department o£ Zoology, Aligarh Muslim Univers i ty , Aligazii^

f o r h i s most valuable guidance, and suggest ions* He i s

a l s o thankful t o Prof. Mumtaz A» Khan, Chairman, Department

of Zoology f o r providing necessary f a c i l i t i e s * Financial

a s s i s t a n c e freyn Indian Council of Agrici i l tural Research,

New Del hi > i s a l s o acknowledged* Thanks are a l s o due t o

t h e lab co l l eagues Or* YUnus M.Khan, Dr* M* Khalid,

Dr* M* Ytigat, Dr* (^ i l s t l , M*S.A*K, Miss Anis Fatima and

Miss Shama Afros , for t h e i r invaluable helps and cooperation*

Last ly»the author wishes t o thank h i s parents , uncle

Dr. Najabat Husain and brother Akhlaq A!tmad f o r t h e i r extr»ae

pat ionce and constant encouragement*

- 2 -

I I INTRODUCTION

Members of the fa/oLlY Ptezoiaalidae c o n s t i t u t e an

economically important group of miczohymenopterous p a r a s i t e s .

They are known t o p a r a s i t i s e var ious groups of i n s e c t p e s t s

during t h e i r developmental s t a g e s . They Xeep the population

of t h e i r re spec t ive host s p e c i e s under check i n iiature.

Keeping i n v i e v the importance of t h e s e p a r a s i t e s i n bio~

l o g i c a l control of i n s e c t p e s t s i t was decided t o carry out

a plan of c o l l e c t i n g , rearing and i d e n t i f y i n g the paras i t e s

upto s p e c i f i c l e v e l * This has n e c e s s i t a t e d t o v i s i t some

of the important agr icu l tura l areas of the country. The

survey y ie lded a good number of s p e c i e s representing various

subfami l i e s of Pteromalidae. However, i n the present work,

on ly s p e c i e s representing Miscogasterinae have been included.

The family group name Mlscogasterldae was proposed

by Walker (1833) . Porster (1856) named i t as MlscogastJndidae.

Thomson (1878) demoted i t t o the rank of subtr ibe ftt)scogast->

r ides under t h e t r i b e Pteromalina. Ashmead (1904) accepted

t h e family s t a t u s of KLscogasteridae. Kurdyun^v (1913)

divided the funnily Mlscogasteridae i n t o four subfamil ies*

Edparinae, Xjelapinae, Miscogasterinae and Sphegigasterinae.

Mani (1938) and Nikolskaya (1952) a l s o accepted the family

s t a t u s of Mlscogasteridae. They discarded system of d iv id ing

t h e family i n t o «ibf ami l i e s . Peck (1963) denoted the family

Mlscogasteridae t o the rank of t r i b e Miscogasterini under

- 3 -

t h e 8Ub£«Blly Sph,«9igasterinae of PteromaIi<3ae. Peck s^ jQ^»

(1964) and Graham (1969) recognized Mlscogasterinae as sub->

fami ly under Pteromalldae. However Graham (1969) divided I t

I n t o e i g h t t r l b e s t Brachyacel ldlphaglnl , MLcradellnl,

Mlscogaster in lr PLrenlnl« s p h e g l g a s t e r i n l , Termolamplnl,

Trldynlnl and Trlgonoderlnl ,

Boucc^ eSi aHi, (1978) l i s t e d 20 s p e c i e s z«presentlng

16 g«3era of the sobf t fd ly . ttLacogasterlnae from India .

Important contr ibut ions on the f a u n l s t i e s and taxonomy of

t h e subfamily Mlscogasterinae from Oriental region made by

e a r l i e r workers are as fo l l ows t Ahmad & Manl (1939*)« Ayyar^

(1925*) , Ayyar & Manl (1937*)« Ayyar and Margabandhu (1934*) ,

Bhatnagar (1951*) , Boucek (1973, 1978*) , Boucek ^^ j i . (1978*) ,

Cameron (1891, 1906) , Crawford (1913) , Dutt & FercLere (1961*)«

Farooql (1980*) , Parooql & Menon (1972*, 1973*) , Ferr lere

(1930, 1931, 1939*) , Gahan (1919, 1925) , Howard (1896) , Manl

(1938*. 1939*, 1941*, 1942*) , Manl sSk al* (1973*, 1974*) ,

Masl (1924, 1927) , Naraynan s&. A I - (1957*) , Pruthl 6 Manl

(1940*) , Rooml, sSt Sii* (1973) , Saraswat & Mukerjl, (1975*) ,

Shaxma & Subba Rao (1958*) , Subba Rao (1973, 1981*), Yadav

(1978*).

The present work dea l s with the taxonomy of the sub­

family Mlscogasterinae of the family Pteromalldae. Brief

review on the supragenerlc c a t e g o r i e s as adopted by e a r l i e r

* CDntrlbutlon from India .

- > 4 -

workers I s d i s c u s s e d . Diagnosis and key t o Indian genera

of Mlscogasterinae i s provided. Keys t o Indian s p e c i e s

wherever necessary are g iven . The work i s based on 15

s p e c i e s representing 7 genera of the subfamily Miscogaster! -

nae. Three new s p e c i e s fHalt ieopterina aAAqartenata sp.n.«

SDheaiaaater aipwlnrta sp.n.« SYflliaala lygflYlgornta sp.n.} are f u l l y described and i l l u s t r a t e d . One genus (Haltlcoot^rlna

Erdos) and s i x s p e c i e s (Miscogaster hortens i s Walker*

spheaiaa«ter alabrata Graham* SYHtOfflQWa iflgiaua Thomson*

SYa^flala fflfiYrtoil^Sa Walker* SYatfaa^a saasH^ Thomson*

svataaifl ^mBJCQnriia Walker) are reported f o r the f i r s t t ime

from India . One s p e c i e s (Haltlcopfcera tffiphflienaJLg Chist i &

Shafee) i s described* and one spec ie s fMlaacooaaf r hortenaia

Walker) i s redescribed. Paras i te -host index i s a l s o provided.

The present work i s supported by 66 i l l u s t r a t i d n s arranged

i n seven p la tes*

The types have been deposi ted i n Zoological Museum*

Al igarh Muslim University* Aligarh* India .

- 5 -

ZII MATERIAL AND METHOD

Important agr i cu l tura l az^aa of Bihar* Madhya Pradesh,

Orissa* Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh were v i s i t e d for c o l l e c ­

t i o n and rearing of P a r a s i t e s . Plant parts i n f e s t e d with

host i n s e c t s were cut i / i to p i e c e s and placed i n g l a s s Jars

(4** X 2'*)« The openings of Jars were covered with white

paper held with rubber bands* The samples were d a i l y observed

f o r «aerging paras i tes* Emerged p a r a s i t e s were c o l l e c t e d ami

preserved i n 80X alcohol* A complete record of p lace , date ,

$^a& of t^$t—plant and h o s t - i n s e c t was duly maintained*

Paras i t e s were i d e n t i f i e d upto s p e c i f i c l e v e l under binocular

a i^ miccoscope*

Permanent s l i d e s were prepared t o enable de ta i l ed

study of various parts o f t h e body* A normal process of

dehydration was adopted and c l e a r i n g was done i n c love o i l *

Specifoens were d i s s e c t e d i n c love o i l medium under the b ino ­

c u l a r with the help of f ine needles* Dissected parts were

placed i n a drop of Canada balsam on raicroslides, or iented

i n required p o s i t i o n s and were l a i d over by cover s l i p s .

These were then kept i n thermostat f o r f i v e t o s i x days f o r

complete drying* Diagrams of important s tructures were made

with the help of Camera Ludda* Measurement of whole Insec t

as wel l a s d i f f e r e n t s tructures was done with the help of

ocu lar micrometer*

-6-

IV. SUBFAMILY MISCOGASTERINAE Walker

Diagnosiss Body strongly sclerotized with metall ic

reflections# 1.5-3 nro i n lengths heacl tfider than long i n

fac ia l viewi maxillacy anA labia l palpi 4-> and 3-se^pented

respectlvelyi mandibles bidentate# trldentate or quadrldentate;

antennae inserted s l i gh t ly below or above the lower leve l of

eyes« 10-13 segraented, anel l i present; pronotxim sraallf iaeso<-

scutuiB with parapsidal furrows; ax i l lae triangular^ meeting

raediallyi forewings with marginal* postmarginal and s t i ^ a l

veins well developed/ hind t i b i a e usually with one« very

rarely with two apical spurs; abdominal pet io le usually

pres^it, sometimes absent,

Tt» subf«tfBily HLscogasterinae i s known to cbntain 16

genera from Zndia r and a key for the ir separation i s gLvesa

belowI

Key to Indian genera of Miscogasterinae

1* Antennae at most 12-segmented • • • • • • • • • . • . • . • • • . . • • 2

- Antennae 13-se9aented, club 3-segmented • • • • • • • 4

2« Toruli lower on face, at or s l i ght ly below lover l eve l of

eyesi mandilKles quadridentate; forewings without a row of

hairs below marginal vein; antennae with one a n e l l u s * . • • • . • • . 3

- Toruli higher up on face; mandibles trldentate; forewings with

a row of large hairs below marginal vein;antennae with tW3

anelU SYfl^aata Walker, 1834

- 7 -

3« Antemtae 11—segmented* with ox^ o r two anel l l# apical

segment of antennal club without spines • • • • • • • •

Qaat raneia tma Msstwood* 1833

> Antwinae lO-segmented with one anellus* f i r s t and t h i r d

funicle amgmwcxta ouch small* apical segm«:tt of antennal

club with 3 spines gg'^«^<Trm"ff'Tf Ahmad* 1939

4, Marginal vein thick«ied • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5

- Marginal vein normal* never thickened • • • • • • • • • • 8

5« Mesoscutiua with parapsidal furrows complete • • • • • • • 6

- MesoscutiBB with parapsidal furrows incomplete • • • • • • 7

6, stigma of forcMfings moderately large? head not t ransverse /

a n t e r i o r margin of d y p e u s angularly produced medially/

f i r s t abdominal t e r g i t e narrow Goruna Walker, 1833

- stigma of forewings normal/ marginal vein longer*

abrupt ly roundedly thickened i n i t s proximal half . • • • •

PlateerlgQtaa Perzlere* 1934

7 . Toruli placed lower on face/ scutellum without f renal

groove/ pxopodeum without pronounced nucha/ basal two

abdominal t e r g i t e s large* subequal

• • • Pag^YgCTBaidWl Ashraead* 1904

- Toruli placed s l i ^ i t l y above middle of face/ scutellum

with a d i s t i n c t f r o i a l ^groove/ propodeum with a d i s t i n c t

nucha/ basa l abdominal t e r g i t e large.Qrieomna Boucek* 1978

8« Mesosciitum with parapaldal furzxxfs complete^ f ine or

deeply ispressed • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 9

- Meaoscutum tdlth parapsidal furrows inconplete. • • • • 12

9 . scutcdlun td.thoirt an c^long inpresslonf propodoum with

or without nucha • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 10

«> Scutellun with an c^long impression before frenal gzoove/

propodeum produced as a d i s t inc t nuchal basal abdooainal

t erg l t e large Motoqlvptna Masi* 1917

10. Mesoscutum with parapsidal £urrows deep throughout; basal

abdominal t erg i t e varying i n s i z e • • • • • • • • • • • 1 1

» Hesoscutian with parapsidal furzows f ine throughout} basal

abdoBdiM. t e r g i t e largest • • P«ri>caratoaM« Ashmead, 1894

11. Porewings with stigma much enlarged; pronotal co l lar

rounded* never sharply carlnate; basal abdominal t erg i t e

emarginate posteriorly • • . • • ^MLaaaaMmtmr walker, 1833

-> Porewings with stigma normal; pronotal co l lar carinate;

basal abdominal t e r g i t e straight posteriorly, • • • • • •

walker, 1833

12. Maxillary palpi and s t ipes of male swol l en pronotal

co l lar Immargined; propodetun with a sharp medial carina

• 13

-> Maxillary palpi and st ipes of male normali pzopodeum same

or differcmt. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 4

- 9 -

13, Funicle 6-segmented v/ith 2 a n e l l i ; marginal vein about

twice as long as stigmal vein and s l i g h t l y srnallGr than

postmarginal vein; propodeum shiny smooth with prominent

median car ina and p l icae ; pe t io le much longer than

wide HalticQPtera Spinola, 1811

- Funicle 5-segrnented, with 3 a n e l l i ; marginal vein longer

than stigmal vein; propodeum d u l l , r e t i c u l a t e , with

f a i n t l y indicated median car ina and pl icae i n d i s t i n c t ;

abdominal pe t io le as long as wide, strongly widened

basa l ly Halt icopter ina Srdos, 19 46

14, Abdominal pe t io l e not widened ap ica l ly , . . . 15

- Abdominal pe t io le widened ap ica l ly ; longer than broad;

propodeu:n broadly convex between sp i r ac l e s , with sharp

median and l a t e r a l car lnae , srnooth or nearly so; head not

protuberant between t o r u l i ; forev/ings rroderately se tose . ,

Thinodvtes Graham, 19 56

15, Body not f l a t t ened ; an t e r io r margin of clypeus b iden ta te ;

parapsidal furrows incomplete; second abc^ominal t e r g i t e

as long as or longer than the basal t e r g i t e

SfihaaJLaas.' jL spinoia, le i i

- Body moderately flattened; anterior margin of clypeus

tridentate; parapsidal furrows nearly complete; second

tergite of abdomen much shorter than the basal tergite

, . Svntomopus U'alker, 1833

- 1 0 -

scapf _mcdian ocellus

U t f r J l octUus

f»x*Miing

mtsoscutum

r ips ida l furrow ParaPside

cercus

.ovipositor

Fig. 1. Miacoaaater hortensls Walker, $

- 1 1 -

- f i r s t valvifer

-second valvifer

-outerpiate

-third v a l v u l a

-cercus

podeme

.Pfiallobase

phallus deadus

j—Paramere

digi tus clasper

P^allotrfme

Fig. 2. Miscoqaster hortensls Walker

A, Part of female external genitalia

B. Male genitalia

- 1 2 -

Genus Svstas ls Walker, 1834

svg t^a l s Walker, 1834: 288, 296.

Type-species: Svstas ls encvrtoldes Walker, by designation

of Westwood, 1839: 70.

Diagnosis: Body dark with meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i o n s ;

head wider than long in f ac i a l view; face f ine ly punctate;

malar space shor te r than eye width; maxillary and l a b i a l palpi

4- and S-segmented respec t ive ly ; mandibles t r i d e n t a t e ; antennae

12-segraented with 2 ane l l i and 5 funicle segments; oronotum

small , immargined; mesoscutum with parapsidal furrov/s complete;

forewings with marginal, postmarginal and stigraal ve imwel l

developed, space belov./ marginal vein bare with a row of h a i r s ;

abdomen s e s s i l e , about as long as head and thorax together ,

ov ipos i to r s l i g h t l y exserted; female gen i t a l i a (Fig. 3 a,J,w)

with f i r s t va lv i f e r almost semicircular with basal and apical

angles in one plane, base of second va lv i f e r much d i la ted and

s t rongly bent .

The genus i s known to contain seven species (including

on-' new species) from India . A key for t h e i r separation i s

given below:

Key to Indian species of sy s t a s i s Walker, based on females

I . Pedicel about as long as basal two funicle segments t o g e t h e r . , , 2

Pedicel d i s t i n c t l y shor ter than basal two funicle segments

together 3

- 1 3 -

2. Forowings (Fig. 3P) with posttnarginal vein longer than

st igmal, more than one-half the length of marginal

vein I , parvula ThuDmson

Forewings (Fig, 3D) with txjstraarginal vein as lonq as

s t igmal, s l i g h t l y l e s s than one-half the length of

marginal vein 2. cenchrivora FarxDoqi u i^enon

3 , Antennae long, scape more than th ree times as long as

wide, pedicel usual ly longer than f i r s t funicle.' segnent .4

- /mtennae (Fig. 3K) shor t , scape th ree times as long as

wide, pedicel as long as f i r s t funicle

segment 3 . b rev icomis sp, r..

4. Pedicel s l i g h t l y longer than f i r s t funicle segiaent, . , 5

- Pedicle much longer than f i r s t funicle segment

4. da lbera iae :iani

5, Forewings with apical half sparsely se tose , area between

postmarginal - stigrnal veins and below stigmal vein bare ,

marginal vein d i s t i n c t l y loss than t h r i c e the length of

stigmal vein , 6

- Forewings w;ith apical half including area between post -

marginal-stigmal and beneath the stigmal vein densely

setose,marginal vein about t h r i c e the length of stigmal

vein 5. t e n u i c o m i s Ualker

- 1 4 -

5 , Forewings wi th marginal ve in about t w i c e t h e l e n g t h of

s t igmal v e i n , stigma rounded a p i c a l l y

6 . dasv^neurae Mani

~ Forewings ( F i g , 31) wi th marginal ve in more than tw ice

t h e l e n g t h of s t igmal v e i n , stignsa t inancate a p i c a l l y . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . oncv r to ide s Walker

1 . S v g t a s i s parvu la Thomson (F ig . 3 n->^)

s v s t a s i s parvula Thomson, 1876: 205.

Sys t ag i s parvula Thomson; Graham, 1969: 263.

Comments: This s p e c i e s i s report<x3 fo r t h e f i r s t

t ime from I n d i a .

M a t e r i a l Sxamined: 2'^, INDIA, U t t a r Pradesh, A l iga rh ,

U n i v e r s i t y campys by sweeping, 5 ,3 ,1988 . f4d. Jamal Ahmad,

2 . S v s t a s i s c ench r ivo ra Farooqi Sc Menon

( F i g . 3A-S)

Systasis cenchrivora Farooqi & Menon, 1972: 111.

Comments: Farooqi & Menon (1972) in their description

for the species gave bidentate condition of mandibles and

absence of plicae on propodeum, however they have shown

-15-

tridentate condition of mandible and presence of plicae on

propodeum, in their illustrations (Parooqi Sc Menon, 1972;

Figs. 5,7), The Aligarh material agrees in every respect

with their illustrations.

Material Examined: 2 ^, INDIA, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh,

University campus by sweeping, 15.3,1988. Md. Jamal Ahmad,

3, Svstasis brevicornis Sp.n. (Fig. 3K-L)

Female.

Head dark with m t a l l i c green r e f l e c t i ons , wider

t aan long in fac ia l view; face f ine ly punctate; oco l l i brown,

arranged in equ i l a t e r a l t r i a n g l e , PQL three times grea ter than

OOL; eyes bare ; clypeus edenta te ; maxillary and l ab i a l palpi

4- and 3-segmented respec t ive ly ; mandibles t r i d e n t a t e v^ith

tv/o acute t e e t h and a t runca t ion . Antennae (Fig. 3K) dark

brown except a n e l l i yellow and scape par t icoloured; scape

th ree times longer than wide; pedicel s l i g h t l y longer than

wide, s l i g h t l y sliorter than ane l l i and f i r s t funiclo segment

toge ther ; funicle segments subequal in length, quadrate; club as long as preceding three funic ls segments togethor .

Thorax dark with meta l l i c green r e f l e c t i o n s , smooth;

pronotal c o l l a r iminargined, pos t - sp i racu la r s c l e r i t e l a rge ;

mesoscutum 1,7 times wider than long, parapsidal furrows

complete; scutellum s l i g h t l y longer than wide; propodeum

- 3 6 -

strongly r e t i c u l a t e with a median car ina , nucha and costula

absent, c a l l u s bare . Porewinys (Fig. 3L) hyal ine, sparsely

se tose , basal area naked; cos ta l c a l l sparsely se tose ; basal

vein absent; postmarginal vein 1,5 times as long as stigsnal

Vein and about half as long as marginal vein; trie space belov/

marginal vein bare virith a rov; of seven h a i r s ; the space betv/een

postmarginal-stigrnal veins bare , with two ha i r s only. Hind

wings hyal ine. Legs yellowish brown, except coxae and fornora

greenish brcv/n and tar-si pale yellow; t e r s i f ive segmented;

rnid t i b i a l spur s l i g h t l y shor te r than b a s i t a r s u s .

Abdomen brov/n with meta l l i c green r e f l e c t i o n s ,

l anceo la te , as long as head and thor,3ix togethors abdomen

s e s s i l e ; ov ipos i to r s l i g h t l y exserted, a r i s ing Iron^ iTdd of

abdominal venter .

Body length s 1.5 mm,

Pfolotype 0. I^'DIA, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, Universi ty Caiopus

by sv/eeping, 23, <1,1983. I-ld. Jamal Ahmad,

4, -Syotasis dalberqiae Mani

sv.-stasis < aAt?Gfq ,a? ^^^ani, 1942: 157.

« Systasis tenuicornis Walker (Fig, 3R-5)

Svstasis tenuicornis Walker, 1834: 297.

- 1 7 -

S y s t a s i s t e n u i c o r n i s Walker; Graham, I9691 260.

Comments! Thirs s p e c i e s I s reporteci f o r t h e f i r s t t ime

from I n d i a .

M a t e r i a l Ebcamined: 1 0, IJDIA, U t t a r Pradesh, Al igarh ,

U n i v e r s i t y carnpus by sweeping, 20,3 ,1933 i4d, Jamal Ahmad.

6 . Sy^ tag i? dflgyneurae Mani

S y s t a s i s dasyneurae Mani, 19391 535,

7, S v s t a s i s e n c v r t o i d e s Walker (xn.% 3F-J)

S y s t a s i s e n c y r t o i d e s ifelker, 133 4: 2gG,

s v s t a s i s e n c v r t o i d e s Walker; Graham, 1969: 261 .

Comments: Thiw spcci : ;s i s repc^rted fo r th(-: f i r s t t ime

from Ir...lia.

Ma te r i a l Eicamined: 2 0 , 2 c5V INDIA, U t t a r Pradesh, A l i g a r h ,

Un ive r s i ty ceniuus by sweeping, 1 4 , 3 , 8 8 . iMci, Jaraal Ahjnad,

F i g . 3 .

-19 -

Genus Miscogaster Walker, 1833

Mlscooaster Walker, 1833: 371, 458.

Type-species; Mlscoaa^ter hor tensis Walker, Designated by

Ashinead, 1904; 278, 381.

Fii«HchnQr- stGr Thomson, 1876: 220, 239 (Invalid eiriendation).

Diagnosis* Body dark with tnetal l ic green r e f l e c t i o n s ;

hGad wider than long in fac ia l view; maxillary and l ab i a l

pa lpi 4- and 3-segnientGd respec t ive ly ; rnandibles ^iuadridentate;

a r . te r ior margin of clypeus b iden ta t c ; antennae insertc-d above

lower leve l of eyes; funicle 5-segrnented, club 3-segrTiented,

2 a n e l l i present ; pronotal c o l l a r immargined; thorax r e t i c u l a t e l y

sculptured, mesoscutuni v rith parapsidal furrows complete; forewing;

hyal ine , bas-il vein arcuate , cos ta l c e l l broad, stig:r;al vein

ap i ca l l y much d i l a t ed , narrow basa l ly , shor ter than tnargiaal

and postmarginal veins separa te ly ; a bare area below the sub-

marginal vein present ; abdornen p e t i o l a t e , usual ly f i r s t and

sometimes second abdominal t e r g i t e emarginate a t pos te r io r

margin; ovipos i tor s l i g h t l y exsorted,

Th'.» genus i s known to contain a s ingle species , (IHscoqaster

hor tens i s Walker) re.xjrted for the f i r s t t ime.

i^iscoqaster hor tensis Walker (Fig. 4A-G)

rtJs-oqastQr hor tens is Walker, 1B33: 460.

I^ischoaaqter q rac i l ipes Thomson, 1876? 239.

:4iscoQa3ter hort^nqj^s .-alker; Graham, 1969: 230.

- 2 0 -

Peinale (Redescribed),

Head dark with n e t a l l i c green r e f l e c t i o n s , wider than

long in fac ia l view; o c e l l i arranged in equ i l a t e r a l t r i a n g l e ,

POL longer than OOL; eyes bare ; malar space shor te r than eye

width; an te r io r margin of clypeus b iden ta te ; maxillary and

l a b i a l palpi (Fig. 4A) 4- and 3-segmente<3 respoct ive ly ;

mandibles (Fig. 4B) quadr identa te . Antennae (Fig. 4G) dark

brown, inser ted above lower level of eyes; scaixi th ree times

as long as feride; pedicel d i s t i n c t l y shor ter than f i r s t funicle

segment; 2 a n e l l i present ; funicle 6-sogtnented, se jinents

d i s t i n c t l y longer than wide; club 3-segment&:i, abouL as long

as preceding two funiclo segments toge ther .

Thorax dark with meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i ons , sparsely

se tose ; pronotum about half as long as nesoscutum; masoscutuiii

with complete parapsidal furrows; scutelluin wider than long;

propodeura with d i s t i n c t p l i cae ; median carina present , Forewings

(Pig . 4D) hyal ine; cos ta l c e l l broad, ha i ry ; basal vein arcuate;

base of d i sc hairy , fontiing a bare area under subinarginal vain;

marginal vein d i s t i n c t l y longer than s t i g a l vein and about half

as long as post-rnarginal vein; stigrnal vein much i i la ted

ap i ca l l y . Legs pale yellow, except sides of rradtibiae apical ly

infuscated; mid t i b i a l spur about half as long as b a s i t a r s u s .

Abdomen yellowish brown, shor ter than thorax; pe t io l e

s l i g h t l y longer than v/ide, widened medially; basal t s r g i t e esnar-

ginate a t i t s pos te r io r margin; subgenital p la te (Fig, 43)

- 2 1 -

0.5«,

F i g . 4 .

r e a c h i n g udd v e n t e r of abdomen; ovi iX)s i tor h idden,v; i th f i r s t

VQlvifer ( P i g . 4F) s o r n i - c i r c u l a r , t h i r d v a l v u l e ( F i g . 4G) shor t ,

Body l e n g t h s 1,75 rrun.

M a t e r i a l exasTdned i 4 ^ , 12 d^ I.^DIA, U t t a r Pradesh, Al iyarh ,

U n i v e r s i t y campus by sweeping, 15 .4 ,1987 , i'^s, Ja'.rtal Ahmad,

Genus H a l t i c o p t e r a Sp ino la , 1811

H a l t i c o p t e r a Sp ino la , 1811j 148,

Typp ' -species : D io lo l ep i s f l a v i c o r n i s Spinola , Designated

by Ashmead, 1904; 3 76,

Pi^^chvlarthrus Westwood, 1832: 12 7,

Type-spec lGs : ( Pachv la r ta rug i n s i jnia l<ostwood)

= Qgnatgpyg P.ltej,;iQqus nalman, by raonotypy.

Phaaonia C u r t i s , 1832s 427.

Type-spi-ci3sJ D i p l o l e o i s f l a v i c o r n i s Sp ino la , by o r i g i n a l

d e s i g n a t i o n ,

Dicvc lus i t a lker , 1833: 3 71 , 455,

Typ-'?-speci:?s: Dicv-cj.ug aon^ug ivalker. Designatc^d by

Vfestwood, 1840: i n t r o d , Syn, 68 ,

i'^eqorii^mus Walker, 1846; 29.

Type- spoc ios : Miacoaastor da iohron Walker, by tnonotypy,

Meaalori,smus Sciiulz, 1906: 147 ( I n v a l i d emendat ion) .

- 2 3 -

Diagnosiss Body dark with meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i o n s ; head

pubescent, wid'^r than long in fac ia l view; malar spacG shortGr

than the eyG-wi.ith; clypeus b iden ta t e ; TiaxiLlory nnJ l a b i a l

palpi in fesmales, 4- and 3-segmentGd respec t ive ly ; iriaxillary

palpi much d i la ted in males; mandibles quadridentate ; ant::^n::ao

inser ted s l i g h t l y above the lo er level of eyes, funic ls

i--segmented, club S-segniented, 2 a n e l l i present ; pronotu;r.

immargined; mesoscutum v;ith parapsidal furrows incomplete;

forewings hyal ine , densely setose except base naked; laarginal

vein subequal to postmarginal and much longer than stig.ual vein;

scutellum with a d i s t i n c t frenal groove; abdomen p e t i o l a t c ,

shor ter than the thorax.

Hai t icoptera imphalensis Ghisti & shafeo (Fig. 5 A - J)

Hait i CO Dtera ipplialanaJ,S Chist i u Shafee ,198b: 471

Female (Described).

Head dark with meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i ons , wider than long

i n fac ia l view; Ocelli brown, arranged in ei^uilateral t r i a n g l e ,

POL as long as OOL; eyes bare ; malar space half of tho aye-v-'idtli;

clypeus b iden ta te ; i.iaxillary and l ab ia l palpi (Fig, 5A) 4- and

3-segrnenteci respec t ive ly ; mandibles (Fig, 5 B) quadr identa te .

Antennae (Fig, 5C) yellowish brovm, inser ted s l i g h t l y :^hovn th.->

lower level of eyes; scape s lender , s l i gh t l y more tliari 8 tin-^s

as long as wide; p-dicel more than twice as long as wide, longer

than ane l l i and f i r s t funicle segment together ; funicle

- 2 4-

6-segmentcx3, sogmonts 1-3 subequal, 4-6 sligl ' ;tly v/ider than

long; club S-segnentedi, tvi^ice as long as wide, as long as

preceding three funicle segtoents toge ther ; 2 a n e l l i present ,

Thor.HX dark with meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i o n s ; jjironotal

c o l l a r imrnargined; rnesoscutum about twice as v/ide as long, v;ith

incomplete parapsidal furrows; meso^leuron v/ith a t r i angu la r

smooth area; propodeurn shiny, ssiiooth dorsa l ly with d i s t i n c t

median ca r ina . ?orov/ings (^ig« 5 D) hyaline, about 2,5 times

as long as wide; d isc except base moderately se tose ; cos ta l co l l

much longer than inarginal vein; marginal vein subetiual to [jost-

marginal and twice the length of stigmal vein. Legs palo yellov;

except coxae dai">c brov/n; snid-t ibial spur much shor ter than

b a s i t a r s u s ; hind t i b i a e with two spurs .

Ab<Jouion dark brown, shor ter than thorax, abdoniinal pot iole

r e t i c u l a t e , twice as long as wide with a mid-long Itudinal ridge

do r sa l l y ; f i r s t abuomj.nal t ; r g i t e l a rge with pos te r ior rtargin

emarginate; female gen i t a l i a (Fig, 5 F) , f i r s t v^ lv i fe r s e i i -

c i r c u i a r witli basal arid apical angles at d i f fe ren t l eve l s , th i rd

valvula about one fourth the length of second va lv i fo r .

Body length : 1,75 mm

Male ; Antennae, forewing-venation, l ab i a l palp and ;aaxillary

s t i p e s are shov/n in f ig s , 5, G-J,

Body length i 1,65 mm

Material :;xamlned : 4 0 , 1 cC I DIA, Hajasthan, Udaipur by

sweeping, 25,6,1930, lid, Jamal Ahmad,

- 2 5 -

Genus Hal t lcopter lna Erdos, 1946

Hfll^jggp^fiffilnfl Erdos, I946i 160.

Type-si>ecles: Hal t icooter lna t r l annu l a t e Erdos, by

o r ig ina l des ignat ion.

i ialt icoDt^rlnn t r i annu la t e Erdos; Grahai:., 1969 x 166.

Diagnosiss Body dark with meta l l i c green r e f l e c t i o n s ; head

wider than long in fac ia l view; an te r io r m^irgin of clypeus

eden ta te ; malar space as long as the eye-width; raandibles quadri -

den ta te ; maxillary and l a b i a l palpi 4- and 3-sGgmonted respect ivel i

antennae inser ted above the lower level of eyes, funiclo 5-seg-

inented, club 3-seginented, 3 ane l l i present ; pronotal c o l l a r

imraargined; rnesoscutum with parapsidal furrotirs incomplete;

forewings hyal ine, marginal vein s l i g h t l y longer than post -

marginal and twice as long as s t igna l vein; abdomen longer than

the thorax, p e t i o l a t e ; oviposi tor s l i g h t l y exserted, largo

spec ies .

Gomtnentsx The genus i s reported for the f i r s t time from

India , I t i s known to contain a s ingle species .

HaltiCQPterina a l i aa rhens i s sp .n . (Fig. 5K-P}.

Female.

Head dark with meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i ons , wider than long

i n fac ia l viev^ ; o c e l l i brown, arranged in equ i l a t e r a l t r i a n g l e ,

POL grea ter than OOL; eyes bare ; malar space as long HG the eye-

- 2 6 -

width; clypeus odentate with prominent rad ia t ing s t r i a t i o n s ;

maxillary and l a b i a l palpi (Fig. 5K) 4- and 3-segniented r e s ­

pect ively; mandibles (Fig. 5L) q u ^ r i d e n t a t e . Antennae

(Fig. 5M) dark brov/n, inser ted above tho lower level of eyes;

funicle 5-seg:aented; scape slender, eight times longer than

wide; pedicel shor ter than the f i r s t funicle segment; funicle

segments 1-3 d i s t i n c t l y longer than wide, 4-5 as long as wide;

club 3-segmented, sutures oblique,long :r than preceding two

funicle segments together ; 3 a n e l l i present , t h i rd l a rge , as

long as tvi?o a n e l l i toge ther .

Thorax dark with meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i o n s ; pronotal

c o l l a r itrenargined; mesoscutum about two times wider than long

with parapsidal furrows incomplete; scutellurn wider than long;

propodeum f ine ly r e t i c u l a t e with median carina fa in t and costula

smooth; ca l l u s se tose . Fore wings hyal ine, 2,25 times longer

than wide; d isc sparsely setose a t basal two- th i rd , densely

se tose at apical t h i r d ; cos ta l c e l l broad, hai ry; speculum

present , open belov;; marginal vein s l i g h t l y longer than post-

maxginal, twice the length of stigmal vein (Fig, 5M), Logs

orange except coxae and fore fottora which are dark brown; mid-

t i b i a l spur shor te r than the b a s i t a r s u s ,

AOdomen dark brown with meta l l ic r e f l e c t i o n s , longer

than thorax, f i r s t abdominal t e r g i t e with yellow rad ia t ing

markings; Pe t io le smooth, as long as wide, widened basa l ly ;

abdomen acuminate ap ica l ly , l a t e r a l margins hai ry ; f i r s t t e r g i t e

- 2 7 -

Fig . 5 .

-28-

produced posteriorly with an emarglnation medially; ovipositor

slightly exserted; fe:aale genitalia (Fig. 5P) with first

valvifer narrow, semicircular, v ith basal and apical angles in

one plane; second valvifer 4 times the length of third valvula.

Body length: 2,75 mm,

Holotype p . liTDlA, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, University campus

by sweeping, 25,3,1987, 2^, Jamal A vmad,

Paratypes i 2 p (same data as for holotyp«?),

Cominentsx This species i s c lose ly re la ted to ilalticopterin.=>

t r i a n n u l a t a Erdos, but d i f f e r s in having pe t io l e smooth, widened

b a s a l l y .

Genus SPheaiaastor Spinoln, 1811

Soheaiqaster Spinola, 1811j 149.

Type-species I DiPlolGOls oa l l i co rn i s 3pinola, Designated

by Ashiriead, 1904,

Trloonoaastra Ashmead, 1904: 330.

Type-spaciess Trigonoaastra aurata Asteieau, by rnonotypy,

Spheciqaster Sch.ulz, 1906: 143 ( Invalid 3;.iendation),

Diagnosis J Boay dark with meta l l ic green ref I ' jc t ions; heed

wider than long in fac ia l view; an te r io r margin of clypeus

- 2 9 -

b iden ta t e ; maxillary and l a b i a l ps lpi 4- and 3--segniented

respec t ive ly ; mandibles quadr identa te ; antennae inser ted above

lower level of eyes, funicle 6-segmented, club 3-segrnented,

2 ane l l i present ; pronotal c o l l a r s l i g h t l y raarginod; mesoscutum

with incomplete parapsidal furrows; forewings hyal ine, marginal,

postmarginal and stigmal veins v/ell developed; abdomen pe t i o l a t e ,

shor te r than thorax; pos te r io r margin of basal t o r g i t e medially

t runca te or s l i g h t l y curved, second abdoniinal t e r g i t e la rger

than the following ones; ov ipos i tor hidden.

The genus i s knov/n to contain th ree sp'?cies (including

one new species) from India . A key for t h e i r separation i s

given below.

Key to Indian species of Spheaiqaster Spinola, based on

females

1. Second abdominal tergite not unusually large; antennae, with

funicle segments 1-3 longer than wide, first funicle segment

as long as the second; forewings with speculum bare 2

- Second abdominal tergite unusually large, concealing the

remaining tergites; antennae (Pig. 6 I) v;ith funicle seg <2nt

1-3 as long as wide, 4-5 slightly wider than long, first

segment distinctly shorter than the second; forewings

(Fig. 6j) with speculum setose 1, tepicolfl Boucek

2, Fovea of malar space large; pedicel as long as anelli and first

funicle segment together; area below the marginal vein and

- 3 0 -

between postmarginal-stiymal veins bare; second abdominal

t e r g i t e occupying more than one th i rd the t o t a l length of

abdomen 2. g labrata Graham

- Fovea of malar space small; antennae (Pig. 6G) with pedicel

shor ter than ane l l i and f i r s t funicle segtaent together ;

forewings (Fig, 6D) with area below marginal vein ^md

between postmarginal-stigrnal veins se tose ; second ai:>dorninal

t e r g i t e small 3 . s lnau la r i s sp. n.

1. Spheqiqaster s tep ico la Boucek (Fig, 6H-L)

Spheqiqaster ste^Jicola Boucek, 1965: 12.

Material Gcamlned : 5 ^ , 3 cJV INDIA, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh,

University campus, by sweeping, 15,10.1987. I-Id. Jamal Alimad.

2 . ^ph^qiqast^r g labra ta Graha^r. (Fig. 6M-;:)

Spheqiqaster g labrata Graham, 1969: 133.

Gotrenonts: This SiJecios i s reported for the f i r s t time from

India .

Material Eicamined: 1 0, I : ;DIA, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh

University campus, by sweeping, 10,11,1937. Md, Janial Ahmad.

- 3 1 -

3 . Soheaiaagter simulQrJs sp. n. (Fig. 6A-G)

FeraalG,

Head dark with meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i o n s , wid

long in fac ia l viev;? o c e l l i brown, arranged in equ i l a t e ra l

t r i a n g l e , ftOL as long as OOLf oyt^s bare ; malar spaco siiortor

than eye v/idth i/ith a small fovea at the base of nandible;

maxillary and l ab i a l palpi (Fig, 6A) 4- and 3-segmented respec­

t i v e l y ; mandibles (Fig, 6B) quadr identa te . Antennae (Fig, 6C)

dark brown, inser ted above the lower leval of eyes/ s*"ape more

than six times longer than wide? pedicel d i s t i n c t l y snor ter

than a n e l l i and f i r s t funicle segment toge ther ; funiclo

6-segniented, 1-5 d i s t i n c t l y longer than wide, s ix th subcjuacSrate;

club 3-sogmented, more than two times longer than wide, longer

than preceding two funicle segirsents toge ther .

Thorax dark with meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i o n s , sparsely

se tose ; mesoscutum with incomplete parapsidal furrows, twice as

ivide as long; scutellutn as long as wide; proiXjdeurri witliout

raedian ca r ina . Forewings (Fig. Go) hyalino, 2,5 times as long

a3 v/ide; cos ta l c e l l with few se taa ; d isc moderately sc^tose

except base naked; marginal vein <\s long as fx>strnarginal, s l i ­

ght ly more than twice the length of stigaial vein. Legs yellov/

except coxae v;hich are darkly and p re t a r s i s l i g h t l y infuscatea;

mid t i b i a l spur half as long as the b a s i t a r s u s .

- 3 2 -

Abdotnon dark v^ith meta l l i c green r e f l e c t i o n s , slightly-

longer than thorax; pe t io le four times as long as wide, s l i g h t l y

wijoned basa l ly ; second abdominal t o r g i t e l a rge r , the remaining

ones smaller but not r e t r a c t e d ; ov ipos i tor hidden; fern :!•:•

gen i t a l i a with f i r s t val"^lfer CFig, 6F} sercdcircular, with basal

and apical angles at d i f fe ren t l e v e l s , second va lv i f e r (Fiq, 6G)

t h r i c e the length of th i rd valvula .

Body length: 2,0 mm.

Holotypfi p . Ii'.OlA, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, Universi ty campus,

by sweeping, 20.2.1988. m, Jamal Ahmad.

Paratypes: 5 $ , 5 (/'(same data as for holotype) .

- 3 3 -

F i g . 6 .

- 3 4 -

Genus svntomopus Walker, 1833

Syntomopus VVolker, 1833: 371.

Type-speCies : Syntomooua t h o r a c i c u g v.'alker, by des ign i t ion

of Westwood, 1839: 69.

Svntomopus Walker; Graham, 1969j 137,

Diagnosis I Body modera te ly f l a t t e n e d , wi th m e t a l l i c

green r e f l e c t i o n s ; head wider than long i n f a c i a l view; a n t e r i o r

margin of c lypeus t r i d e n t a t e ; m a x i l l a r y and l a b i a l Pa lp i 4 - and

3-3eginented r e s p e c t i v e l y ; mandibles quad r i d ent a t e ; antennae

i n s e r t e d above t h e lower l e v e l of eyes ; f u n i c l e G-segmented,

c l u b 3-segmented, 2 a n e l l i p r e s e n t ; p rono ta l c o l l a r margined;

mesoscutum with p a r a p s i d a l furrows n e a r l y comple te ; forewings

h y a l i n e , wi th marg ina l , pos tmargina l and s t igmal ve ins well

deve loped ; abdomen p e t i o l a t e , p e t i o l e l onge r than wide; second

abdominal t e r g i t e cmargina te p o s t e r i o r l y ; o v i p o s i t o r s l i g h t l y

e x s e r t e d .

SYn ; Q" Q|? s lq<;;AsVn Thomson ( F i g . 7 A-B)

Svntoinopus j ngASMfi Thomson, 1878 s 23 .

3vntQ[nQPUs inciaupi Thomson; Graham, I969i 139.

Comments: This s p e c i e s i s r epo r t ed fo r t h e f i r s t t ime

from I n d i a .

Ma te r i a l examined* 1 ^ , I K D I A , U t t a r Pradesh, Al iga rh ,

U n i v e r s i t y campus, by sweeping , 2 ,3 .1987 . Md. Jamal Ahmad.

-3 5-

Mbtoolvptug Masi, 1917

NotoolVDtus Masi, 1917» 181.

Type-sp-cies» ItotoalvptuR vlrf.RCf>ns Masi, by designation

of Gahan & Fagan, 1923i 98,

Diagnosis: Body dark vjith meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i o n s ;

head wider than long i n f ac i a l view; an te r io r margin of

clypeus edenta te ; malar space as long as the eye width; maxillary

and l a b i a l Palpi 4— and 3-segmented respec t ive ly ; mandibles

quadr identa te ; antennae inser ted above the lower level of eyes;

funic le S-sogrrientecJ, club 3-segmented, 2 ane l l i present;

pronotal c o l l a r margine(3; mesoscutum with parapsidal furrows

complete; forevi;ings hyal ine, with marginal, post-marginal and

stigmal veins v/ell developed; scutellum with a deep oblong

impression, frenal groov.5 present ; propodeum f inely r e t i c u l a t e

tvith median car ina and p l icae well dovelopc^d; abdomen pe t i o l a t e ,

s l i g h t l y shor te r than the thorax, f i r s t abdotninal t e r g i t e

very l a rge , concealing the remaining ones; ov ipos i to r hidden,

^^oqlYP^Vfi aiaS£ Masl (Fig. 7 C-G)

NotQalvptu.q niaer Masi, 1917; 181,

Notoalvptus niaer Masi; Boucek, 1961j 67.

Material examinedj 25 , 20 cf, INDIA, Uttar Pr^esh,

Aligarh, University campus, by sweeping , 15,3,1987

Md, Jamal Ahmad,

- 3 6 -

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F i g . 7.

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