Muscles of the Torso and Limbs Naming Conventions Head and Neck Muscles Trunk

Muscles Muscles of the Upper Arm Muscles of the Lower Arm and

Hand Muscles of the Hip and Upper Leg Muscles of Lower Leg and Foot

Types of Muscles (By Function) Prime mover – muscle with the major responsibility for a certain

movement Antagonist – muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover Synergist – muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps

prevent rotation

The biceps and triceps are antagonists

Naming Conventions of Skeletal Muscles Direction of muscle fibers

• Example: rectus (straight)

Relative size of the muscle

• Example: maximus (largest)

Location of the muscle

• Example: many muscles are named for bones (e.g., temporalis)

Number of origins

• Example: triceps (three heads)

Location of the muscle’s origin and insertion

• Example: sterno (on the sternum)

Shape of the muscle

• Example: deltoid (triangular)

Action of the muscle

• Example: flexor and extensor (flexes or extends a bone)

Head and Neck Muscles

Depressor labii inferioris

Frontal belly (o:gal apo, i: skin eyebrws, nose)

Occipital belly(o:occ & temprl, i: gal apon)

Occipitofrontalis (epicranius)

Levator labii superioris

Zygomaticus major

Corrugator supercilii

Anterior bellyPosterior belly Digastric

Splenius capitus

(o:manub stern, med clav, i: mast proc temprl)

(o:zyg arch & bone, i: ramus mand)

Orbicularis oculi (o:frntl, max bones, i: tissue eyeld)

(Galea aponeurotica)

Figure 10.10a

ExternalIntercostal(o:inf brdr rib above, i: sup brdr rib below )

(a) InternalIntercostal(o:sup bord rib below, i: inf bord rib abv )

Inspiration muscles

Expiration muscles

Figure 10.13a

Clavicle

Serratus anteriorHumerus

Sternum

(a)Scapula-rotating,arm raising muscle

Trunk Muscles

Figure 6.16

Anterior views of trunk

Pectoralis minor

Internal (o:sup bord rib below, i: inf

bord rib abv ) and external

(o:inf brdr rib above, i: sup brdr rib below )

intercostals

Diaphragm

(o:pub crst & symph, i: xiph proc stern & cost

carts )Pectoralis major (o:stern end clav, stern, cost cart, i: grtr tubcle hum & intrtub sulc)

Deep Trunk and Arm Muscles

Posterior views of trunk

Levator scapulae

Rhomboid major

Infraspinatus

Teresmajor

(o:lmbr vert,ilc crst, i: intertub sulc hum )

(o:lat clav, acrom & spine scap, I: delt tuber hum )

Supraspinatus (o:supsp foss scap, i: grtr tubcle hum )

Spleniuscapitus

Figure 10.14a

Clavicle

DeltoidSternumPectoralis major

Lateral headLong headMedial head

Triceps brachii:(o:post shaft humerus, lat border by glen cav scap, i: olecranon process)

Biceps brachii (o:cor proc scap, top glen foss, intertub sulc hum; I: radial tub hum)

BrachialisBrachioradialis

(a) Anterior view

Figure 10.14b

Supraspinatus*Spine of scapula

(b) Posterior view

Deltoid (cut)Greater tubercleof humerusInfraspinatus*Teres major

Triceps brachii:

Latissimus dorsiHumerusOlecranon processof ulna

Lateral head Long head

Figure 10.15a

Biceps brachii

Tendon of biceps brachii

Brachioradialis

Flexor pollicis longus

Medial head oftriceps brachii

Medial epicondyleof humerus

Flexor carpi radialis(o:medl epicond hum; I: base 2nd,3rd metcpls)

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexor digitorumsuperficialis

(a)

Figure 10.16a

Insertion oftriceps brachii

Flexor carpiulnaris

Extensor carpiulnaris

Tendons of extensor carpiradialis brevis and longus

(a)

Extensor pollicislongus

Extensor digitorumExtensor carpiradialis brevis(o:lat epicon hum; I: base 3rd metacpl)

Brachioradialis

Tendons of extensordigitorum

Muscles of the Torso and Limbs Naming Conventions Head and Neck Muscles Trunk

Muscles Muscles of the Upper Arm Muscles of the Lower Arm and

Hand Muscles of the Hip and Upper Leg Muscles of Lower Leg and Foot

Figure 10.19a

Iliac crest

12th rib

Anterior superior iliac spine

Sartorius(o:ant sup ilc spine; i: med. prox. tibia)

Quadriceps femoris(o:ant & lat thigh; i: patella & tib tuber.)

• Rectus femoris(o:ant inf ilc spine & sup acetab; I: pat & tib tuber)

• Vastus lateralis(o:greater trocantr fmr; I: patella & tib tuber)

• Vastus medialis(o:intertroch line fmr; I: patella & tib tuber

(a)

PatellaPatellar ligament

Tendon of quadriceps femoris

12th thoracic vertebra

5th lumbar vertebra

Adductor longusGracilis

Psoas majorIlliacus

Illiopsoas

Figure 10.20a

Gluteus medius

Gluteus maximus(o:dors illm, sacrm,coxcy, i: gluteal tuber fmr & tibia))

Gracilis

Long head

SemitendinosusSemimembranosus

Short headBicepsfemoris Hamstrings

(a)

Figure 10.20a

Gluteus medius

Gluteus maximus

Gracilis

Long head

SemitendinosusSemimembranosus

Short headBicepsfemoris Hamstrings

(a)

Figure 10.21a

Gastrocnemius (o:med. & lat. condyles fmr; i: post. calcan.)

TibiaTibialis anteriorExtensor digitorum longus

SoleusExtensor hallucis longusFibularis tertius

(a)

Fibularis longus

Muscles of the Lower Leg

(o:med. & lat. condyles fmr; i: post. calcan.)

Figure 10.22a

PatellaHead of fibula Gastrocnemius

(o:med. & lat. condyles fmr; i: post. calcan.)

SoleusFibularis longusExtensor digitorum longusTibialis anteriorExtensor hallucis longus

Flexor hallucis longus(o:mid shaft fibula; i: under foot to dist phalx toe)

Lateral malleolus

5th metatarsal

Extensor hallucis brevis

(a)

Muscles of the Torso and Limbs Naming Conventions Head and Neck Muscles Trunk Muscles Muscles of the Upper Arm Muscles of the Lower Arm and Hand Muscles of the Hip and Upper Leg Muscles of Lower Leg and Foot