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MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES •(450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented ) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750 death of BACH) CLASSICAL ( 1750 – 1820 death of Beethoven) ROMANTIC (1820 – 1900 start of 20 th cen. Industrial rev) 20 th CENTURY to 1945 (end of WWII) 1945 to PRESENT

MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

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Page 1: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS

• MIDDLE AGES • (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing

press invented)

• RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera)• BAROQUE (1600 – 1750 death of BACH)

• CLASSICAL ( 1750 – 1820 death of Beethoven)• ROMANTIC (1820 – 1900 start of 20th cen. Industrial rev)

• 20th CENTURY to 1945 (end of WWII)• 1945 to PRESENT

Page 2: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• THE MIDDLE AGES • 2 types of music • Church & Secular

• little of manuscript survives & has no tempos dynamics or instrument names• singers & instruments in paintings and

literary descriptions but not certain exactly how

Page 3: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• Gregorian Chant• for 1000 years official Roman Catholic Church

music• Monophonic in LATIN sung to enhance parts

of religious services• NAMED after POPE Gregory I (the great) who

reorganized liturgy 590-604

Page 4: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750
Page 5: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• Gregorian Chant• most melodies are fix and NOT to

be changed but written around later• at first were handed down orally

but after over 1000 chants notated to ensure uniformity

Page 6: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• TWO types of services for chants • MASS – formal religious right

(Last Supper) • THE OFFICE –everyday type pray

& worship

Page 7: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• CHURCH MODES • scales of the middle ages &

renaissance• CHURCH Modes vs. Major &

Minor Scales• Whole steps and half steps

Page 8: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• Monks were some main musicians because could read/educated (men)

• Church frowned on instruments because associated with pagan rites.

• Pipe Organ only allow at special feast / occasions

Page 9: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• long syllables with altered notes (small range)

• FREE TIME (no indicators in manuscript most likely improvised or based off of soloist)

Page 10: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• LISTENING JOURNAL

• Alleluia: ANONYMOUS• form ABA • soloist & choir in unison

Page 11: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• Hildegard of Bingen (bing –N) (1098-1179)• German nun • Abbess (a title of a mystic) of Rupertsberg • writer in Rupertsberg, Germany • 1st woman composer whose large number

or works survive

Page 12: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• LISTENING JOURNAL

• O successors: Hildegard of Bingen

• drone - constant note or notes under music• 1 to 4 notes per syllable / wider pitch range /

wider leaps in pitch / motion towards climax• form is ABC

Page 13: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• Secular Music• instruments used but mostly improvised

based around common folk melodies

• 1st large body of notated melodies in the 12th & 13th century by French

• Troubadours & Trouveres

Page 14: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• Troubadours & Trouveres =• nobles , dukes, ect..

• acts of chivalry written done about the• CRUSADES • LOVE

• DANCE SONGS• SPINNING SONGS

Page 15: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• Troubadours & Trouveres • vs.

•Minstrels

• Royalty vs. Scrubs

Page 16: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

•MINSTRELS • were lower class performers in castles,

taverns, on the street. • Served as THE NEWS to common people

• Played fiddles, harps, lutes.

Page 17: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• LISTENING JOURNAL (ESTAMPIE)• Estampie = earliest example of instrumental

music• melody with most likely improvised accompaniment (1650 Melodies of this

survive)• drone has been added to imitate most likely

simple dance accompaniment • In TRIPLE METER

Page 18: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• Organum (dev of Polyphony)• 700-900 monks add second improvised

note to chant • usually the 5th (power chords)

• duplicated chant

Page 19: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• Organum (dev of Polyphony)• duplicated chant • parallel motion

• 1st type of harmony • note against note

Page 20: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• Organum (dev of Polyphony)• 900A.D.-1200A.D. second line becomes

more independent to create true polyphonic

• contrary motion • its own melodic curve

• 1100A.D. no more note against note restriction (dif melodically &

rhythmically)

Page 21: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• SCHOOL OF NOTRE DAME • (Measured Rhythm)

• PARIS 1150 University of PARIS – cathedral of Notre Dame

Page 22: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• SCHOOL OF NOTRE DAME • (Measured Rhythm)

• successive choir masters LEONIN & PEROTIN used measured

rhythm for 1st time • 1st composers of NAME

Page 23: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• SCHOOL OF NOTRE DAME • (Measured Rhythm)

• 1st to subdivide the music into 3 beats in honor of the Trinity

• early medieval music considers triad sound of today harsh and not used

but late medieval comes closer

Page 24: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• ARS NOVA (new art in France)• 14th century

• The Hundred Years War - France & England (1337-1453)• The Plague

• Weakening Feudal System

Page 25: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• ARS NOVA (new art in France)• literary & music became more

secular• wrote polyphonic music not based

on chants • 2 beat became popular • syncopation popular

• new attitude

Page 26: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• ARS NOVA (new art in France)• this end of middle ages music in France & Italy known as ARS NOVA

Page 27: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• MACHAUT = best known of ARS NOVA Composers

• 1300-1377 born Champagne , France • Both Musician & Poet

Page 28: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• MACHAUT = best known of ARS NOVA Composers

• spent many years in serve to royal families

• traveled to many courts and on military campaigns

Page 29: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• MACHAUT = best known of ARS NOVA Composers

• he made many copies of music & poetry & presented them all over

Europe to nobles • (reason his music survives)

Page 30: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• LISTENING JOURNAL (PUIS QU’EN UOBLI : MACHAUT) Farewell to Joy • completely original piece

• Fell in love late in life at age 60 with young noblewomen

• age difference too much • relationship ended in disappointment

• he immortalized their love in great narrative poem & 9 musical comps

• CONT……….

Page 31: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• LISTENING JOURNAL (PUIS QU’EN UOBLI : MACHAUT) Farewell to Joy

• piece is a Rondeau has poetic refrain in lyric • music uses only two different lines AB

• 3 beat• lead melody (lyric)

• 2nd part accompaniment in low pitch • (no text to 2nd part but sung on our recording)

Page 32: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• LISTENING JOURNAL (Agnus Dei from Norte Dame Mass : MACHAUT)

• based on chant melodies• Norte Dame MASS• part of ordinary mass • 5 sung prayers that remain the same day to

day • composers over the years change slightly their

interpretation

Page 33: MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750

• LISTENING JOURNAL (Agnus Dei from Norte Dame Mass : MACHAUT)

• Agnus Dei – a prayer for mercy and peace (last sung prayer of mass ordinary)

• 4 voice parts / 3 beat / harmonies have dissonance / hollow sounds / and true full triads

• form ABA’ / lyric is A A A’ / division sections 3 (trinity reference) / music to appeal to mind and ear in this era