Muslim Civilizations Chapter 10. The Rise of Islam Section 1

Muslim CivilizationsMuslim Civilizations

Chapter 10Chapter 10

The Rise of IslamThe Rise of Islam

Section 1Section 1

The Rise of Islam VocabularyThe Rise of Islam Vocabulary

1.1. Bedouins-Bedouins-A desert dwelling Arab nomad.A desert dwelling Arab nomad.2.2. Muhammad-Muhammad-Prophet of Islam, born in Prophet of Islam, born in

Mecca in 570 A.D. Mecca in 570 A.D. 3.3. Mecca-Mecca-City in western Saudi Arabia; City in western Saudi Arabia;

birthplace of the prophet Muhammad and birthplace of the prophet Muhammad and the most holy city in Islam.the most holy city in Islam.

4.4. Yathrib-Yathrib-The final destination of The final destination of Muhammad’s hijra and the 1Muhammad’s hijra and the 1stst home of home of Muslims. Later named Medina.Muslims. Later named Medina.


5.5. Hijra-Hijra-Muhammad’s journey from Mecca Muhammad’s journey from Mecca to Medina in 622 A.D.to Medina in 622 A.D.

6.6. Medina-Medina-City where Muhammad preached.City where Muhammad preached.

7.7. Kaaba-Kaaba- The most sacred temple in all of The most sacred temple in all of Islam in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.Islam in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.

8.8. Mosque-Mosque-Muslim house of worship.Muslim house of worship.

9.9. Quran-Quran-The holy book of Islam.The holy book of Islam.


10.10. Hajj-Hajj-Pilgrimage to Mecca that all Muslims Pilgrimage to Mecca that all Muslims are expected to make in their lifetime. are expected to make in their lifetime.

11.11. Jihad-Jihad-In Islam, an effort in God’s service. In Islam, an effort in God’s service.

12.12. Sharia-Sharia-Body of Islamic law that includes Body of Islamic law that includes interpretation of the Quran and applies interpretation of the Quran and applies Islamic principles to everyday life.Islamic principles to everyday life.

The Rise of IslamThe Rise of IslamI.I. The Story of Muhammad-The Story of Muhammad-

A.A. Born in Mecca in 570 A.D. Born in Mecca in 570 A.D. B.B. Started working as a shepherd, but became a Started working as a shepherd, but became a

successful merchant in Mecca.successful merchant in Mecca.C.C. Often meditated in the hills of Mecca.Often meditated in the hills of Mecca.D.D. When he was 40, the angel Gabriel came to When he was 40, the angel Gabriel came to

him while meditating and called for him to him while meditating and called for him to be the messenger of God. be the messenger of God.

E.E. He didn’t understand how he could be the He didn’t understand how he could be the messenger of God when he was illiterate.messenger of God when he was illiterate.


F.F. He devoted his life to spreading Islam and He devoted his life to spreading Islam and getting Arabs to stop worshipping pagan getting Arabs to stop worshipping pagan gods. gods.

G.G. Merchants feared Islam would drive pilgrims Merchants feared Islam would drive pilgrims away from Mecca (pagan worshipers visited away from Mecca (pagan worshipers visited the Kaaba).the Kaaba).

H.H. Took his Took his hijrahijra from Mecca to from Mecca to YathribYathrib, later , later name name MedinaMedina in 622. in 622.


I.I. Thousands of Arabs began adopting Islam.Thousands of Arabs began adopting Islam.J.J. Muhammad returned to Mecca in 630 and Muhammad returned to Mecca in 630 and

destroyed pagan idols in the Kaaba and destroyed pagan idols in the Kaaba and claimed it for Islam and Allah.claimed it for Islam and Allah.

II.II. Teachings of IslamTeachings of IslamA.A. Quran-Quran- The sacred text of Islam and contains The sacred text of Islam and contains

the sacred words of God revealed to the sacred words of God revealed to Muhammad.Muhammad.

B.B. It is an ethical guide to life in all aspects. It is an ethical guide to life in all aspects.


C.C. The Quran is a DIRECT and The Quran is a DIRECT and UNCHANGABLE word of god. UNCHANGABLE word of god.

D.D. Contains the 5 Pillars of Islam.Contains the 5 Pillars of Islam.1.1. Shahadah - Declaration of FaithShahadah - Declaration of Faith

2.2. Salat - 5 daily prayersSalat - 5 daily prayers

3.3. Zakat - CharityZakat - Charity

4.4. Sawm - Fasting during RamadanSawm - Fasting during Ramadan

5.5. Hajj - Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Kaaba.Hajj - Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Kaaba.

E.E. Islam worships the same God as Jews and Islam worships the same God as Jews and ChristiansChristians

The Rise of Islam The Rise of Islam III.III. Sharia –Sharia – Islamic code of conduct Islamic code of conduct

A.A. Regulates all aspects of life and applies Regulates all aspects of life and applies religious principals to all situations. religious principals to all situations.

IV.IV. Women in IslamWomen in IslamA.A. Expanded the rights of woman by promoting Expanded the rights of woman by promoting

spiritual equality. spiritual equality. B.B. Quran gave rights to women they did not Quran gave rights to women they did not

have in Arab society. have in Arab society. C.C. Women’s roles and styles differed Women’s roles and styles differed

depending on cultures conquered by Islam.depending on cultures conquered by Islam.

Questions Du JourQuestions Du Jour

1.1. What was Muhammad’s occupation?What was Muhammad’s occupation?2.2. Describe the situation of Muhammad Describe the situation of Muhammad

becoming the prophet of Islam.becoming the prophet of Islam.3.3. Why was Muhammad driven out of Mecca?Why was Muhammad driven out of Mecca?4.4. What city is cited as the 1What city is cited as the 1stst home of Islam? home of Islam?5.5. What is the name of the Islamic code of What is the name of the Islamic code of

conduct? Describe it.conduct? Describe it.6.6. Explain how Islam has affected the rights of Explain how Islam has affected the rights of

women in the Middle East.women in the Middle East.

Answers Du JourAnswers Du Jour

1.1. Muhammad was a merchant.Muhammad was a merchant.

2.2. Muhammad was meditating on a hill in Muhammad was meditating on a hill in Mecca when he claimed the angel Gabriel Mecca when he claimed the angel Gabriel came to him and told him he was to be the came to him and told him he was to be the messenger of God. messenger of God.

3.3. Meccan merchants were afraid Islam would Meccan merchants were afraid Islam would drive away pagan pilgrims coming to the drive away pagan pilgrims coming to the Kaaba.Kaaba.

Answers Du JourAnswers Du Jour

4.4. Medina Medina

5.5. Sharia. It is a Sharia. It is a the body of Islamic law that the body of Islamic law that includes interpretation of the Quran and includes interpretation of the Quran and applies Islamic principles to everyday life.applies Islamic principles to everyday life.

6.6. It promoted spiritual equality and gave It promoted spiritual equality and gave them rights they had not previously had in them rights they had not previously had in Arab society. Arab society.

Section 2 VocabularySection 2 Vocabulary

1.1. Abu Bakr-Abu Bakr- Muhammad’s father in law and 1 Muhammad’s father in law and 1stst caliph of Islam.caliph of Islam.

2.2. Caliph-Caliph-Successor to Muhammad as political Successor to Muhammad as political and religious leader of the Muslims.and religious leader of the Muslims.

3.3. Sunni-Sunni-Believe inspiration came from the Believe inspiration came from the example of Muhammad as recorded by his example of Muhammad as recorded by his early followers.early followers.

4.4. Shiite-Shiite-Believe the descendents of Believe the descendents of Muhammad’s daughter and son-in-law, Ali, Muhammad’s daughter and son-in-law, Ali, are the true Muslim leaders. are the true Muslim leaders.

Section 2 VocabSection 2 Vocab

5.5. Sufis-Sufis- Muslim mystics who seek communion Muslim mystics who seek communion with God through meditation, fasting, and with God through meditation, fasting, and other rituals.other rituals.

6.6. Umayyad-Umayyad-member of the Sunni dynasty of member of the Sunni dynasty of caliphs that ruled a Muslim empire from 661-caliphs that ruled a Muslim empire from 661-750.750.

7.7. Abbasids-Abbasids-Dynasty that ruled in Baghdad Dynasty that ruled in Baghdad from 750-1258.from 750-1258.

Section 2 VocabSection 2 Vocab

8.8. Baghdad-Baghdad-Capital city of present day Iraq; Capital city of present day Iraq; Capital of the Muslim empire during Islam’s Capital of the Muslim empire during Islam’s golden age.golden age.

9.9. Minaret-Minaret-Slender tower of a mosque, from Slender tower of a mosque, from which Muslims are called to pray.which Muslims are called to pray.

10.10. Sultan-Sultan-Muslim ruler.Muslim ruler.

Chapter 10 Section 2Chapter 10 Section 2

Building a Muslim EmpireBuilding a Muslim Empire

I. Early Challenges to IslamI. Early Challenges to Islam

A.A. Death of MuhammadDeath of Muhammad left no successor. left no successor.

B.B. Abu Bakr-Abu Bakr- Muhammad’s father-in-law. He Muhammad’s father-in-law. He became the 1st became the 1st caliph.caliph.

1.1. Muslims refuse to follow him and withdraw their Muslims refuse to follow him and withdraw their loyalty to Islam. loyalty to Islam.

2.2. He regained their loyalty and united them under He regained their loyalty and united them under one ruler. one ruler.

C.C. Muslim Empire overtook both the Byzantine Muslim Empire overtook both the Byzantine and Persian Empiresand Persian Empires

II. Divisions Emerge Within IslamII. Divisions Emerge Within Islam

A.A. ShiitesShiites Felt Muhammad designated his Felt Muhammad designated his son-in-law, Ali, to lead Islamson-in-law, Ali, to lead Islam

1.1. They felt the successors to Muhammad were Ali They felt the successors to Muhammad were Ali and Fatima (Muhammad’s daughter).and Fatima (Muhammad’s daughter).

2.2. Shiites could divinely interpret the Quran.Shiites could divinely interpret the Quran.

B.B. Eventually another group felt anyone could Eventually another group felt anyone could lead because there could be no other prophet.lead because there could be no other prophet.(Sunnis)(Sunnis)


1.1. Sunnis believed the successor should be a pious Sunnis believed the successor should be a pious man from Muhammad’s tribe. man from Muhammad’s tribe.

2.2. They believe inspiration comes from the example They believe inspiration comes from the example of Muhammad recorded by his early followers. of Muhammad recorded by his early followers.

C.C. Both Sunnis and Shiites are still divided Both Sunnis and Shiites are still divided today. today.

1.1. 90% of Muslims are Sunni.90% of Muslims are Sunni.


D.D. SufisSufis Muslim mystics who fast, meditate Muslim mystics who fast, meditate and do other traditions to find oneness with and do other traditions to find oneness with God. God.

1.1. They spread Islam by traveling, preaching, and They spread Islam by traveling, preaching, and being a good example.being a good example.

III. Umayyad Caliphs Build an III. Umayyad Caliphs Build an Empire.Empire.

A.A. Umayyad CaliphateUmayyad Caliphate Sunni group who set Sunni group who set up an empire after Ali’s death. up an empire after Ali’s death.

1.1. Spread Islam from Spain to India.Spread Islam from Spain to India.

B.B. Umayyads were VERY successful.Umayyads were VERY successful.1.1. Weakness of the Byzantines and Persians. Weakness of the Byzantines and Persians.

2.2. ““Arab Liberators”.Arab Liberators”.

3.3. Bold efficient fighting methods.Bold efficient fighting methods.

4.4. Desire to glorify Islam.Desire to glorify Islam.

III. Umayyad Caliphates Build an III. Umayyad Caliphates Build an EmpireEmpire

C.C. Muslims allowed Christians, Jews, & Muslims allowed Christians, Jews, & Zoroastrians to practice their religions. Zoroastrians to practice their religions.

1.1. Forced them to pay taxes.Forced them to pay taxes.

2.2. Christians & Jews played key roles in Arab Christians & Jews played key roles in Arab societies (doctors, government officials).societies (doctors, government officials).

3.3. Muslims prohibited looting and destruction of Muslims prohibited looting and destruction of cities.cities.

4.4. Arab remained separate from regular population.Arab remained separate from regular population.

III. Umayyad Caliph Builds an III. Umayyad Caliph Builds an EmpireEmpire

D.D. Many people eventually start converting to Many people eventually start converting to Islam. Islam.

1.1. For political or economic reasons. For political or economic reasons.

2.2. Islam had a very simple message.Islam had a very simple message.

3.3. There is no hierarchy.There is no hierarchy.

E.E. Umayyads begin to decline (fall in 750)Umayyads begin to decline (fall in 750)1.1. Arabs had to adapt from living in the deserts to Arabs had to adapt from living in the deserts to

ruling huge territories.ruling huge territories.

2.2. Ruled like tribal leaders instead of kings. Ruled like tribal leaders instead of kings.

III. Umayyad Caliph Builds an III. Umayyad Caliph Builds an EmpireEmpire

3.3. They often relied on non-Arab officials to help They often relied on non-Arab officials to help rule their land. rule their land.

4.4. Economic tensions rose between the wealthy and Economic tensions rose between the wealthy and the poor when wealthy conquests began to slow the poor when wealthy conquests began to slow down. (Caliphs continued to lived luxuriously)down. (Caliphs continued to lived luxuriously)

Umayyad ReviewUmayyad Review

When did the Umayyad Caliphate begin?When did the Umayyad Caliphate begin? Why were the Persians and Byzantines Why were the Persians and Byzantines

weakened?weakened? What are 3 reasons why Umayyads were so What are 3 reasons why Umayyads were so

successful?successful? Why did so many people convert to Islam?Why did so many people convert to Islam? How did geography and economics play into How did geography and economics play into

the decline of the Umayyad Empire?the decline of the Umayyad Empire?

Umayyad ReviewUmayyad Review

When did the Umayyad Caliphate begin?When did the Umayyad Caliphate begin? After Ali’s death (661)After Ali’s death (661)

Why were the Persians and Byzantines Why were the Persians and Byzantines weakened?weakened? They had fought each other to the point of They had fought each other to the point of

exhaustionexhaustion What are 3 reasons why Umayyads were so What are 3 reasons why Umayyads were so

successful?successful? Weakness of Byz. and Per., “Arab Liberators”, Weakness of Byz. and Per., “Arab Liberators”,

bold fighting styles, glory of Islambold fighting styles, glory of Islam

Umayyad ReviewUmayyad Review Why did so many people convert to Islam?Why did so many people convert to Islam?

For power or wealth, its simple message, equality For power or wealth, its simple message, equality (no hierarchy)(no hierarchy)

How did geography and economics play into How did geography and economics play into the decline of the Umayyad Empire?the decline of the Umayyad Empire? Arabs had to adapt from living in the desert to Arabs had to adapt from living in the desert to

ruling large territories and they ruled those lands ruling large territories and they ruled those lands like tribes, not kingdoms (Geography). like tribes, not kingdoms (Geography).

Their was an economic between classes when Their was an economic between classes when conquests began to slow down (Economics)conquests began to slow down (Economics)

Rise of the Abbasids/Muslim Empire Rise of the Abbasids/Muslim Empire DeclinesDeclines

1.1. Which groups helped Abu al-Abbas gain power?Which groups helped Abu al-Abbas gain power?

2.2. What was the Abbasid capital? Why did they move it What was the Abbasid capital? Why did they move it there?there?

3.3. Who was Harun al-Rashid?Who was Harun al-Rashid?

4.4. Where did the surviving member of the Umayyad family Where did the surviving member of the Umayyad family flee to?flee to?

5.5. How did Islam become a more universal faith?How did Islam become a more universal faith?

6.6. What 2 places in Europe were ruled by Muslims?What 2 places in Europe were ruled by Muslims?

7.7. How were non-Muslims treated?How were non-Muslims treated?

8.8. What did the Seljuk Turks and Mongols have in common?What did the Seljuk Turks and Mongols have in common?

9.9. What happened to the Muslim Empire?What happened to the Muslim Empire?


1.1. Which groups helped Abu al-Abbas gain power?Which groups helped Abu al-Abbas gain power? Shiites and non-Arab MuslimsShiites and non-Arab Muslims

2.2. What was the Abbasid capital? Why did they What was the Abbasid capital? Why did they move it there?move it there?

Baghdad. Centrally located on a river, center of Baghdad. Centrally located on a river, center of learning and culture. learning and culture.

3.3. Who was Harun al-Rashid?Who was Harun al-Rashid? Abbasid ruler who promoted culture and learning.Abbasid ruler who promoted culture and learning.


4.4. Where did the surviving member of the Umayyad Where did the surviving member of the Umayyad family flee to?family flee to?

They fled to Spain and set up an independent Muslim They fled to Spain and set up an independent Muslim state. state.

5.5. How did Islam become a more universal faith?How did Islam become a more universal faith? It was more tolerant than other religions, it ended It was more tolerant than other religions, it ended

discrimination against non-Arabs, encouraged discrimination against non-Arabs, encouraged learning. learning.

6.6. What 2 places in Europe were ruled by Muslims?What 2 places in Europe were ruled by Muslims? Spain and SicilySpain and Sicily


7.7. How were non-Muslims treated?How were non-Muslims treated? They were tolerated.They were tolerated.

8.8. What did the Seljuk Turks and Mongols have in What did the Seljuk Turks and Mongols have in common?common?

Came from C. Asia, conquered Baghdad, adopted Came from C. Asia, conquered Baghdad, adopted Islam. Islam.

9.9. What happened to the Muslim Empire?What happened to the Muslim Empire? It fragmented and broke apart into several smaller It fragmented and broke apart into several smaller

states. states.

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Muslim Civilizations Chapter 10. The Rise of Islam Section 1