Muslim ContributionsMuslim Contributions

ChessChess

• From India. Popular because of its From India. Popular because of its difficulty. Rulers would have chess difficulty. Rulers would have chess matches in their palaces. matches in their palaces. Introduced to Europeans by Muslims Introduced to Europeans by Muslims in the 13th Century in the 13th Century

IrrigationIrrigation

• limited water in desert. Built dams, limited water in desert. Built dams, aqueducts. Muslims perfected the aqueducts. Muslims perfected the water wheel. Improved underwater water wheel. Improved underwater wells—digging 50ft deep. All wells—digging 50ft deep. All agriculture depended on wellsagriculture depended on wells

ZoologyZoology

• Muslim lifestyle dependent on Muslim lifestyle dependent on animals for trade and travel. Al-animals for trade and travel. Al-Jahiz wrote 200 books, most famous Jahiz wrote 200 books, most famous for for Study of AnimalsStudy of Animals. Used . Used information from the Quran and information from the Quran and HadithHadith

Banking SystemBanking System

• Abbasid Era… Developed Banks Abbasid Era… Developed Banks could write a check and cash it on could write a check and cash it on the other side of the empire. Very the other side of the empire. Very important w/ international trade.important w/ international trade.

CalligraphyCalligraphy

• means beautiful/elegant means beautiful/elegant handwriting. 1st used by Muslims handwriting. 1st used by Muslims when Arabs began duplicating the when Arabs began duplicating the Quran. Calligraphy also used to Quran. Calligraphy also used to decorate tiles, ceramics decorate tiles, ceramics

BookmakingBookmaking

• Abbasid rule. Battle of Central Asia. Abbasid rule. Battle of Central Asia. Chinese prisoners taught Muslims Chinese prisoners taught Muslims how to make paper. Books became how to make paper. Books became more available. Sign of wealth to more available. Sign of wealth to have lots of books.have lots of books.

Geometric and Floral Geometric and Floral DesignsDesigns

• Muslim art abstract. No pictures of Muslim art abstract. No pictures of humans or animals. Though human humans or animals. Though human images would distract worshippers images would distract worshippers from praying to Allah. Turned to from praying to Allah. Turned to geometric shapes…most common geometric shapes…most common ArabesqueArabesque

House of WisdomHouse of Wisdom

• educational institution founded in educational institution founded in Baghdad. Scholars all over the Baghdad. Scholars all over the world translated math, astronomy…world translated math, astronomy…into Arabic, Greek, Persianinto Arabic, Greek, Persian

AstronomyAstronomy

• the scientific study of the sky. the scientific study of the sky. Many thought sun, stars, and Many thought sun, stars, and planets rotated around Earth. planets rotated around Earth. Islamic scientists proved them Islamic scientists proved them wrong. Earth rotates around sun. wrong. Earth rotates around sun.

AlgebraAlgebra

• Abbasid rule. Muslims spent hours Abbasid rule. Muslims spent hours trying to stump each other with trying to stump each other with difficult math problems. Algebra difficult math problems. Algebra was introduced by Muslims. was introduced by Muslims. Algebra comes from the word “al Algebra comes from the word “al jabra” means to bring symbols such jabra” means to bring symbols such as x, y, and z to solve problems.as x, y, and z to solve problems.

HospitalsHospitals

• Hospitals staffed by doctors paid by Hospitals staffed by doctors paid by government. Designed to promote government. Designed to promote health, cure disease, teach and health, cure disease, teach and expand medical knowledge. Most expand medical knowledge. Most advanced hospital was in Baghdad. advanced hospital was in Baghdad.

Herbal Medicines & Herbal Medicines & PharmaciesPharmacies

• Doctor treated patients with herbs, Doctor treated patients with herbs, sedatives, and hashish (narcotics) sedatives, and hashish (narcotics) used during surgery. Muslim used during surgery. Muslim doctors 1st to use antiseptics to kill doctors 1st to use antiseptics to kill germs. germs.

City of Baghdad-City of Baghdad-

• chosen by Abbasid ruler…Chosen chosen by Abbasid ruler…Chosen by the caliph because it was by the caliph because it was situated between the Tigris and situated between the Tigris and Euphrates River. Euphrates River.

PoloPolo

• Introduced by the Persians to Introduced by the Persians to Muslims. Rode Champion Arabian Muslims. Rode Champion Arabian horses. Played on horseback by 2 horses. Played on horseback by 2 teams on grass. teams on grass.